Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Efficient anticancer drug delivery using nano-colloids self-assembled with an unconventional amphiphile bearing pumpkin-shaped host molecule","authors":"Kyeng Min Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.101014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new type of amphiphiles bearing macrocycle such as cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) spontaneously forms a nanomaterial in water, specifically vesicles (<em>t</em>ACB[7] vesicles) with a positive surface charge, verified through various analytical techniques including TIRF, DLS and TEM. Functional validation not only reveals the accessibility of the CB[7] portal on these vesicles allowing CB[7]-based host-guest interactions with various functional guest molecules such as fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated adamantylammonium and spermine (FITC-AdA and FITC-SPM, respectively) using confocal laser scanning microscopy, but also showcases the effective internalization of <em>t</em>ACB[7] vesicles into cancer cells with the anticancer drug oxaliplatin (OxPt), as a guest to CB[7], through <em>in vitro</em> cell experiments. Hence, this study provides a blueprint to impart amphiphilic properties to CB[7] through synthetic design and highlights the potential of CB[7] derivatives as a new class of unconventional amphiphiles self-assembling into functional nanomaterials for advanced drug delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic nanoparticles co-deliver hirudin and lumbrukinase to ameliorate thrombus and inflammation for atherosclerosis therapy","authors":"Mengying Cheng ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Yue ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Lai Jiang ,&nbsp;Qiaoling Huang ,&nbsp;Fanzhu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atherosclerosis (AS) is a progressive inflammatory disease, and thrombosis most likely leads to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally. Thrombolytic drugs alone cannot completely prevent thrombotic events, and treatments targeting thrombosis also need to regulate the inflammatory process. Based on the dynamic pathological development of AS, biomimetic thrombus-targeted nanoparticles HMTL@PM were prepared. Hirudin and lumbrukinase, effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine, were self-assembled under the action of tannic acid and Mn²⁺. HMTL@PM dissociated in the weakly acidic microenvironment of atherosclerosis and exhibited excellent therapeutic effects, including alleviating inflammation, dissolving thrombus, anticoagulation, and promoting cholesterol efflux. HMTL@PM effectively regulated the progression of AS and provided a new perspective for the development of drug delivery systems for AS therapy, which holds important research significance for reducing the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"Article 100990"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing chemoimmunotherapy for colorectal cancer with paclitaxel and alantolactone via CD44-Targeted nanoparticles: A STAT3 signaling pathway modulation approach","authors":"Fugen Wu ,&nbsp;Xingsi An ,&nbsp;Shize Li ,&nbsp;Chenyu Qiu ,&nbsp;Yixuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhanzheng Ye ,&nbsp;Shengnan Song ,&nbsp;Yunzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Dingchao Shen ,&nbsp;Xinyu Di ,&nbsp;Yinsha Yao ,&nbsp;Wanling Zhu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Xianbao Shi ,&nbsp;Ruijie Chen ,&nbsp;Longfa Kou","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemoimmunotherapy has the potential to enhance chemotherapy and modulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by activating immunogenic cell death (ICD), making it a promising strategy for clinical application. Alantolactone (A) was found to augment the anticancer efficacy of paclitaxel (P) at a molar ratio of 1:0.5 (P:A) through induction of more potent ICD via modulation of STAT3 signaling pathways. Nano drug delivery systems can synergistically combine natural drugs with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, thereby enhancing multi-drug chemoimmunotherapy. To improve tumor targeting ability and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs, an amphiphilic prodrug conjugate (HA-PTX) was chemically modified with paclitaxel (PTX) and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a backbone. Based on this concept, CD44-targeted nanodrugs (A@HAP NPs) were developed for co-delivery of A and P in colorectal cancer treatment, aiming to achieve synergistic toxicity-based chemo-immunotherapy. The uniform size and high drug loading capacity of A@HAP NPs facilitated their accumulation within tumors through enhanced permeability and retention effect as well as HA-mediated targeting, providing a solid foundation for subsequent synergistic therapy and immunoregulation. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies demonstrated that A@HAP NPs exhibited potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells while also remodeling the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment by promoting antigen presentation and inducing dendritic cell maturation, thus offering a novel approach for colorectal cancer chemoimmunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep-insights: Nanoengineered gel-based localized drug delivery for arthritis management","authors":"Anitha Sriram ,&nbsp;Harshada Ithape ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.101012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.101012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disorder that progressively impairs function and diminishes quality of life. Conventional therapies often prove ineffective, as oral administration lacks specificity, resulting in off-target side effects like hepatotoxicity and GIT-related issues. Intravenous administration causes systemic side effects. The characteristic joint-localized symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and inflammation make the localized drug delivery suitable for managing arthritis. Topical/transdermal/intra-articular routes have become viable options for drug delivery in treating arthritis. However, challenges with those localized drug delivery routes include skin barrier and cartilage impermeability. Additionally, conventional intra-articular drug delivery also leads to rapid clearance of drugs from the synovial joint tissue. To circumvent these limitations, researchers have developed nanocarriers that enhance drug permeability through skin and cartilage, influencing localized action. Gel-based nanoengineered therapy employs a gel matrix to incorporate the drug-encapsulated nanocarriers. This approach combines the benefits of gels and nanocarriers to enhance therapeutic effects and improve patient compliance. This review emphasizes deep insights into drug delivery using diverse gel-based novel nanocarriers, exploring their various applications embedded in hyaluronic acid (biopolymer)–based gels, carbopol-based gels, and others. Furthermore, this review discusses the influence of nanocarrier pharmacokinetics on the localization and therapeutic manipulation of macrophages mediated by nanocarriers. The ELVIS (extravasation through leaky vasculature and inflammatory cell-mediated sequestration) effect associated with arthritis is advantageous in drug delivery. Simply put, the ELVIS effect refers to the extravasation of nanocarriers through leaky vasculatures, which finally results in the accumulation of nanocarriers in the joint cavity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"Article 101012"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143336437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrically conductive “SMART” hydrogels for on-demand drug delivery","authors":"Soumajyoti Ghosh ,&nbsp;Nikhil Kumar ,&nbsp;Santanu Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.101007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.101007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current transformative era of biomedicine, hydrogels have established their presence in biomaterials due to their superior biocompatibility, tuneability and resemblance with native tissue. However, hydrogels typically exhibit poor conductivity due to their hydrophilic polymer structure. Electrical conductivity provides an important enhancement to the properties of hydrogel-based systems in various biomedical applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. Consequently, researchers are developing combinatorial strategies to develop electrically responsive “SMART” systems to improve the therapeutic efficacy of biomolecules. Electrically conductive hydrogels have been explored for various drug delivery applications, enabling higher loading of therapeutic cargo with on-demand delivery. This review emphasizes the properties, mechanisms, fabrication techniques and recent advancements of electrically responsive “SMART” systems aiding on-site drug delivery applications. Additionally, it covers prospects for the successful translation of these systems into clinical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"Article 101007"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-stage targeted nanodiscs for glioma treatment by inducing cuproptosis and apoptosis of cancer cells and cancer stem cells","authors":"Yuan Ding ,&nbsp;Ruohan Chen ,&nbsp;Jianfen Zhou ,&nbsp;Yanning Bao ,&nbsp;Nana Meng ,&nbsp;Xudong Zheng ,&nbsp;Shengmin Yang ,&nbsp;Jiasheng Lu ,&nbsp;Zhixuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Cao Xie ,&nbsp;Linwei Lu ,&nbsp;Weiyue Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.101010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.101010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There remain several intractable challenges for chemotherapy in glioma treatment, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and tumor heterogeneity caused by cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Here, we established a nano strategy to kill glioma cells and CSCs, combining carfilzomib and bis(diethyldithiocarbamate)copper. The synergistic drug combination disturbed cell protein metabolism at different stages and induced apoptosis and cuproptosis. The Y-shaped targeting ligand pHA-VAP-modified nanodiscs were designed to help the chemotherapeutic agents cross the BBB/BBTB and finally accumulate in tumor site. This all-stage targeting and all-stage treatment nanomedicine significantly prolonged the survival in glioma-bearing mice and might inspire the rational design of advanced drug delivery platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 2","pages":"Article 101010"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous PLGA microspheres for the inhalation delivery of icariin and miR-23b in the treatment of metastatic lung cancer","authors":"Boyu Xiong ,&nbsp;Xinxin Shao ,&nbsp;Guangxu Fang ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Dong ,&nbsp;Haobo Han ,&nbsp;Quanshun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.101008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.101008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were prepared to load icariin and miR-23b for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer. The microspheres exhibited desirable aerodynamic diameter, high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, as well as a favorable drug release profile, which was beneficial for the deposition and exposure of drugs in the lung tissues. The release solution from microspheres exhibited a favorable anti-proliferative effect by inducting cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase, and meanwhile inhibited the migration and invasion of cancer cells. More importantly, the microspheres could be effectively inhaled and accumulated in the lung tissues to trigger the <em>in situ</em> apoptosis of tumor cells and suppress metastasis, using mice bearing melanoma-metastatic lung cancer as a model. Furthermore, inhalation of the microspheres showed favorable biocompatibility, barely causing tissue damage. Overall, porous PLGA microspheres provide a promising platform for the inhalable co-delivery of drugs and genes to obtain ideal therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer and other pulmonary diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 2","pages":"Article 101008"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CaCO3-encircled hollow CuS nanovehicles to suppress cervical cancer through enhanced calcium overload-triggered mitochondria damage","authors":"Pengfei Wang ,&nbsp;Xichen Sun ,&nbsp;Liuyan Tang ,&nbsp;Ningning Li ,&nbsp;Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Bicheng Gan ,&nbsp;Yuezhou Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cervical cancer stands is a formidable malignancy that poses a significant threat to women's health. Calcium overload, a minimally invasive tumor treatment, aims to accumulate an excessive concentration of Ca²⁺ within mitochondria, triggering apoptosis. Copper sulfide (CuS) represents a photothermal mediator for tumor hyperthermia. However, relying solely on thermotherapy often proves insufficient in controlling tumor growth. Curcumin (CUR), an herbal compound with anti-cancer properties, inhibits the efflux of exogenous Ca²⁺ while promoting its excretion from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm. To harness these therapeutic modalities, we have developed a nanoplatform that incorporates hollow CuS nanoparticles (NPs) adorned with multiple CaCO₃ particles and internally loaded with CUR. This nanocomposite exhibits high uptake and easy escape from lysosomes, along with the degradation of surrounding CaCO₃, provoking the generation of abundant exogenous Ca²⁺ <em>in situ</em>, ultimately damaging the mitochondria of diseased cells. Impressively, under laser excitation, the CuS NPs demonstrate a photothermal effect that accelerates the degradation of CaCO₃, synergistically enhancing the antitumor effect through photothermal therapy. Additionally, fluorescence imaging reveals the distribution of these nanovehicles <em>in vivo</em>, indicating their effective accumulation at the tumor site. This nanoplatform shows promising outcomes for tumor-targeting and the effective treatment in a murine model of cervical cancer, achieved through cascade enhancement of calcium overload-based dual therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 6","pages":"Article 100989"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic attributes to drive nanoformulations of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors","authors":"Soumyadip Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Vedant Joshi ,&nbsp;Kolimi Prashanth Reddy,&nbsp;Nidhi Singh,&nbsp;Priyanka Das,&nbsp;Pallab Datta","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buoyed by the discovery of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (smTKIs), significant impact has been made in cancer chemotherapeutics. However, some of these agents still encounter off-target toxicities and suboptimal efficacies due to their inferior biopharmaceutical and/or pharmacokinetic properties. Almost all of these molecules exhibit significant inter- and intra-patient variations in plasma concentration-time profiles. Thus, therapeutic drug monitoring, dose adjustments and precision medicine are being contemplated by clinicians. Complex formulations or nanoformulation-based drug delivery systems offer promising approaches to provide drug encapsulation or spatiotemporal control over the release, overcoming the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic limitations and improving the therapeutic outcomes. In this context, the present review comprehensively tabulates and critically analyzes all the relevant properties (T_1/2, solubility, pK_a, therapeutic index, IC₅₀, metabolism etc.) of the approved smTKIs. A detailed appraisal is conducted on the advancements made in complex formulations of smTKIs, with a focus on strategies to enhance their pharmacokinetic profile, tumor targeting ability, and therapeutic efficacy. Various nanocarrier platforms, have been discussed, highlighting their unique features and potential applications in cancer therapy. Nanoformulations have been shown to improve area under the curve and peak plasma concentration, and reduce dosing frequency for several smTKIs in animal models. It is inferred that extensive efforts will be made in developing complex formulations of smTKIs in near future. There, the review concludes with key recommendations for the developing of smTKIs to facilitate early clinical translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 6","pages":"Article 100980"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new nano approach to prevent tumor growth in the local treatment of glioblastoma: Temozolomide and rutin-loaded hybrid layered composite nanofiber","authors":"Melis Ercelik ,&nbsp;Cagla Tekin ,&nbsp;Melisa Gurbuz ,&nbsp;Yagmur Tuncbilekli ,&nbsp;Hazal Yılmaz Dogan ,&nbsp;Busra Mutlu ,&nbsp;Pınar Eser ,&nbsp;Gulcin Tezcan ,&nbsp;Fatma Nur Parın ,&nbsp;Kenan Yildirim ,&nbsp;Mehmet Sarihan ,&nbsp;Gurler Akpinar ,&nbsp;Murat Kasap ,&nbsp;Ahmet Bekar ,&nbsp;Hasan Kocaeli ,&nbsp;Mevlut Ozgur Taskapilioglu ,&nbsp;Secil Ak Aksoy ,&nbsp;Rıfat Ozpar ,&nbsp;Bahattin Hakyemez ,&nbsp;Berrin Tunca","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Total resection of glioblastoma (GB) tumors is nearly impossible, and systemic administration of temozolomide (TMZ) is often inadequate. This study presents a hybrid layered composite nanofiber mesh (LHN) designed for localized treatment in GB tumor bed. The LHN, consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and core-shell polylactic acid layers, was loaded with TMZ and rutin. <em>In vitro</em> analysis revealed that LHN^TMZ and LHN^rutin decelerated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and growth of stem-like cells, while the combination, LHN^TMZ^+rutin, significantly reduced sphere size compared to untreated and LHN^TMZ-treated cells (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). In an orthotopic C6-induced GB rat model, LHN^TMZ^+rutin therapy demonstrated a more pronounced tumor-reducing effect than LHN^TMZ alone. Tumor volume, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, was significantly reduced in LHN^TMZ^+rutin-treated rats compared to untreated controls. Structural changes in tumor mitochondria, reduced membrane potential, and decreased PARP expression indicated the activation of apoptotic pathways in tumor cells, which was further confirmed by a reduction in PHH3, indicating decreased mitotic activity of tumor cells. Additionally, the local application of LHNs in the GB model mitigated aggressive tumor features without causing local tissue inflammation or adverse systemic effects. This was evidenced by a decrease in the angiogenesis marker CD31, the absence of inflammation or necrosis in H&amp;E staining of the cerebellum, increased production of IFN-γ, decreased levels of interleukin-4 in splenic T cells, and lower serum AST levels. Our findings collectively indicate that LHN^TMZ^+rutin is a promising biocompatible model for the local treatment of GB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 6","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}