Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Development of biomedical hydrogels for rheumatoid arthritis treatment","authors":"Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig ,&nbsp;Lee Ki Wong ,&nbsp;Abdul Wasy Zia ,&nbsp;Hongkai Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that hinders the normal functioning of bones and joints and reduces the quality of human life. Every year, millions of people are diagnosed with RA worldwide, particularly among elderly individuals and women. Therefore, there is a global need to develop new biomaterials, medicines and therapeutic methods for treating RA. This will improve the Healthcare Access and Quality Index and also relieve administrative and financial burdens on healthcare service providers at a global scale. Hydrogels are soft and cross-linked polymeric materials that can store a chunk of fluids, drugs and biomolecules for hydration and therapeutic applications. Hydrogels are biocompatible and exhibit excellent mechanical properties, such as providing elastic cushions to articulating joints by mimicking the natural synovial fluid. Hence, hydrogels create a natural biological environment within the synovial cavity to reduce autoimmune reactions and friction. Hydrogels also lubricate the articulating joint surfaces to prevent degradation of synovial surfaces of bones and cartilage, thus exhibiting high potential for treating RA. This work reviews the progress in injectable and implantable hydrogels, synthesis methods, types of drugs, advantages and challenges. Additionally, it discusses the role of hydrogels in targeted drug delivery, mechanistic behaviour and tribological performance for RA treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 100887"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1818087624000047/pdfft?md5=ee47f049e37fdfb9bb0c42d107c9fdff&pid=1-s2.0-S1818087624000047-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen sulfide responsive nanoplatforms: Novel gas responsive drug delivery carriers for biomedical applications","authors":"Jiafeng Zou ,&nbsp;Zeting Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Chen ,&nbsp;You Chen ,&nbsp;Min Yao ,&nbsp;Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Wenxing Ding ,&nbsp;Chuanhe Xia ,&nbsp;Yuzheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Feng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a toxic, essential gas used in various biological and physical processes and has been the subject of many targeted studies on its role as a new gas transmitter. These studies have mainly focused on the production and pharmacological side effects caused by H₂S. Therefore, effective strategies to remove H₂S has become a key research topic. Furthermore, the development of novel nanoplatforms has provided new tools for the targeted removal of H₂S. This paper was performed to review the association between H₂S and disease, related H₂S inhibitory drugs, as well as H₂S responsive nanoplatforms (HRNs). This review first analyzed the role of H₂S in multiple tissues and conditions. Second, common drugs used to eliminate H₂S, as well as their potential for combination with anticancer agents, were summarized. Not only the existing studies on HRNs, but also the inhibition H₂S combined with different therapeutic methods were both sorted out in this review. Furthermore, this review provided in-depth analysis of the potential of HRNs about treatment or detection in detail. Finally, potential challenges of HRNs were proposed. This study demonstrates the excellent potential of HRNs for biomedical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 100858"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1818087623000855/pdfft?md5=22e01692eefc141a27c5db32e0929ab5&pid=1-s2.0-S1818087623000855-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135963308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of pH-responsive antimicrobial peptide melittin analog-camptothecin conjugates for tumor therapy","authors":"Sujie Huang ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Gao ,&nbsp;Ling Ma ,&nbsp;Bo Jia ,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhao ,&nbsp;Yufan Yao ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Li ,&nbsp;Tongyi Lin ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Song ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Melittin, a classical antimicrobial peptide, is a highly potent antitumor agent. However, its significant toxicity seriously hampers its application in tumor therapy. In this study, we developed novel melittin analogs with pH-responsive, cell-penetrating and membrane-lytic activities by replacing arginine and lysine with histidine. After conjugation with camptothecin (CPT), CPT-AAM-1 and CPT-AAM-2 were capable of killing tumor cells by releasing CPT at low concentrations and disrupting cell membranes at high concentrations under acidic conditions. Notably, we found that the C-terminus of the melittin analogs was more suitable for drug conjugation than the N-terminus. CPT-AAM-1 significantly suppressed melanoma growth <em>in vivo</em> with relatively low toxicity. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that the development of antitumor drugs based on pH-responsive antimicrobial peptide-drug conjugates is a promising strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 100890"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1818087624000072/pdfft?md5=59efcad53fe7a733fb8f6be5e7c5ad6e&pid=1-s2.0-S1818087624000072-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139880805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MSC-derived exosomes attenuate hepatic fibrosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis through inhibition of Th17 differentiation","authors":"Wenyi Chen ,&nbsp;Feiyan Lin ,&nbsp;Xudong Feng ,&nbsp;Qigu Yao ,&nbsp;Yingduo Yu ,&nbsp;Feiqiong Gao ,&nbsp;Jiahang Zhou ,&nbsp;Qiaoling Pan ,&nbsp;Jian Wu ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Jiong Yu ,&nbsp;Hongcui Cao ,&nbsp;Lanjuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an autoimmune cholangiopathy characterized by chronic inflammation of the biliary epithelium and periductal fibrosis, with no curative treatment available, and liver transplantation is inevitable for end-stage patients. Human placental mesenchymal stem cell (hpMSC)-derived exosomes have demonstrated the ability to prevent fibrosis, inhibit collagen production and possess immunomodulatory properties in autoimmune liver disease. Here, we prepared hpMSC-derived exosomes (Exo^MSC) and further investigated the anti-fibrotic effects and detailed mechanism on PSC based on Mdr2^−/− mice and multicellular organoids established from PSC patients. The results showed that Exo^MSC ameliorated liver fibrosis in Mdr2^−/− mice with significant collagen reduction in the preductal area where Th17 differentiation was inhibited as demonstrated by RNAseq analysis, and the percentage of CD4⁺IL-17A⁺T cells was reduced both in Exo^MSC-treated Mdr2^−/− mice (Mdr2^−/−-Exo) in vivo and Exo^MSC-treated Th17 differentiation progressed in vitro. Furthermore, Exo^MSC improved the hypersecretory phenotype and intercellular interactions in the hepatic Th17 microenvironment by regulating PERK/CHOP signaling as supported by multicellular organoids. Thus, our data demonstrate the anti-fibrosis effect of Exo^MSC in PSC disease by inhibiting Th17 differentiation, and ameliorating the Th17-induced microenvironment, indicating the promising potential therapeutic role of Exo^MSC in liver fibrosis of PSC or Th17-related diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 100889"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1818087624000060/pdfft?md5=a4ded8e46a53f0c04514f317a5f74cbb&pid=1-s2.0-S1818087624000060-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139826776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic chemotherapy/PTT/oxygen enrichment by multifunctional liposomal polydopamine nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis treatment","authors":"Xiaoling Fu ,&nbsp;Yutong Song ,&nbsp;Xianquan Feng ,&nbsp;Zhihong Liu ,&nbsp;Wenhao Gao ,&nbsp;Hongtao Song ,&nbsp;Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amultifunctional liposomal polydopamine nanoparticle (MPM@Lipo) was designed in this study, to combine chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT) and oxygen enrichment to clear hyperproliferating inflammatory cells and improve the hypoxic microenvironment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. MPM@Lipo significantly scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species and relieved joint hypoxia, thus contributing to the repolarization of M1 macrophages into M2 phenotype. Furthermore, MPM@Lipo could accumulate at inflammatory joints, inhibit the production of inflammatory factors, and protect cartilage <em>in vivo</em>, effectively alleviating RA progression in a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Moreover, upon laser irradiation, MPM@Lipo can elevate the temperature to not only significantly obliterate excessively proliferating inflammatory cells but also accelerate the production of methotrexate and oxygen, resulting in excellent RA treatment effects. Overall, the use of synergistic chemotherapy/PTT/oxygen enrichment therapy to treat RA is a powerful potential strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 100885"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1818087624000023/pdfft?md5=7413ccd92bfd57765612c4af7cfb3dd9&pid=1-s2.0-S1818087624000023-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139773562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem cell-based ischemic stroke therapy: Novel modifications and clinical challenges","authors":"Yuankai Sun ,&nbsp;Xinchi Jiang ,&nbsp;Jianqing Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ischemic stroke (IS) causes severe disability and high mortality worldwide. Stem cell (SC) therapy exhibits unique therapeutic potential for IS that differs from current treatments. SC's cell homing, differentiation and paracrine abilities give hope for neuroprotection. Recent studies on SC modification have enhanced therapeutic effects for IS, including gene transfection, nanoparticle modification, biomaterial modification and pretreatment. These methods improve survival rate, homing, neural differentiation, and paracrine abilities in ischemic areas. However, many problems must be resolved before SC therapy can be clinically applied. These issues include production quality and quantity, stability during transportation and storage, as well as usage regulations. Herein, we reviewed the brief pathogenesis of IS, the “multi-mechanism” advantages of SCs for treating IS, various SC modification methods, and SC therapy challenges. We aim to uncover the potential and overcome the challenges of using SCs for treating IS and convey innovative ideas for modifying SCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1818087623000946/pdfft?md5=e16f196e132a1bd840c5bc7a8fb03fa9&pid=1-s2.0-S1818087623000946-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135614303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems in spotlight of COVID-19","authors":"Zeinab Najjari,&nbsp;Farzaneh Sadri,&nbsp;Jaleh Varshosaz","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The world has been dealing with a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) since the end of 2019, which threatens the lives of many people worldwide. COVID-19 causes respiratory infection with different symptoms, from sneezing and coughing to pneumonia and sometimes gastric symptoms. Researchers worldwide are actively developing novel drug delivery systems (DDSs), such as stimuli-responsive DDSs. The ability of these carriers to respond to external/internal and even multiple stimuli is essential in creating \"smart\" DDS that can effectively control dosage, sustained release, individual variations, and targeted delivery. To conduct a comprehensive literature survey for this article, the terms “Stimuli-responsive”, “COVID-19″ and “Drug delivery” were searched on databases/search engines like “Google Scholar”, “NCBI”, “PubMed”, and “Science Direct”. Many different types of DDSs have been proposed, including those responsive to various exogenous (light, heat, ultrasound and magnetic field) or endogenous (microenvironmental changes in pH, ROS and enzymes) stimuli. Despite significant progress in DDS research, several challenging issues must be addressed to fill the gaps in the literature. Therefore, this study reviews the drug release mechanisms and applications of endogenous/exogenous stimuli-responsive DDSs while also exploring their potential with respect to COVID-19.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"18 6","pages":"Article 100873"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1818087623000983/pdfft?md5=2def410ea2763914f9352411b7f49896&pid=1-s2.0-S1818087623000983-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138544266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9 systems: Delivery technologies and biomedical applications","authors":"Yimin Du ,&nbsp;Yanfei Liu ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Hu ,&nbsp;Xingxing Peng ,&nbsp;Zhenbao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergence of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) genome-editing system has brought about a significant revolution in the realm of managing human diseases, establishing animal models, and so on. To fully harness the potential of this potent gene-editing tool, ensuring efficient and secure delivery to the target site is paramount. Consequently, developing effective delivery methods for the CRISPR/Cas9 system has become a critical area of research. In this review, we present a comprehensive outline of delivery strategies and discuss their biomedical applications in the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We also provide an in-depth analysis of physical, viral vector, and non-viral vector delivery strategies, including plasmid-, mRNA- and protein-based approach. In addition, we illustrate the biomedical applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This review highlights the key factors affecting the delivery process and the current challenges facing the CRISPR/Cas9 system, while also delineating future directions and prospects that could inspire innovative delivery strategies. This review aims to provide new insights and ideas for advancing CRISPR/Cas9-based delivery strategies and to facilitate breakthroughs in biomedical research and therapeutic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"18 6","pages":"Article 100854"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1818087623000818/pdfft?md5=2014e53ae0ae096387ebc845aee275aa&pid=1-s2.0-S1818087623000818-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential to enhance drug distribution in the brain subregion via intranasal delivery of nanoemulsion in combination with borneol as a guider","authors":"Xin Shen,&nbsp;Zhixiang Cui,&nbsp;Yidan Wei,&nbsp;Yingnan Huo,&nbsp;Duo Yu,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Shirui Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The number of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing annually, with the nidus mainly concentrated in the cortex and hippocampus. Despite of numerous efforts, effective treatment of AD is still facing great challenges due to the blood brain barrier (BBB) and limited drug distribution in the AD nidus sites. Thus, in this study, using vinpocetine (VIN) as a model drug, the objective is to explore the feasibility of tackling the above bottleneck via intranasal drug delivery in combination with a brain guider, borneol (BOR), using nanoemulsion (NE) as the carrier. First of all, the NE were prepared and characterized. <em>In vivo</em> behavior of the NE after intranasal administration was investigated. Influence of BOR dose, BOR administration route on drug brain targeting behavior was evaluated, and the influence of BOR addition on drug brain subregion distribution was probed. It was demonstrated that all the NE had comparable size and similar retention behavior after intranasal delivery. Compared to intravenous injection, improved brain targeting effect was observed by intranasal route, and drug targeting index (DTI) of the VIN<img>NE group was 154.1%, with the nose-to-brain direct transport percentage (DTP) 35.1%. Especially, remarkably enhanced brain distribution was achieved after BOR addition in the NE, with the extent depending on BOR dose. VIN brain concentration was the highest in the VIN-1-BOR-NE group at BOR dose of 1 mg/kg, with the DTI reaching 596.1% and the DTP increased to 83.1%. BOR could exert better nose to brain delivery when administrated together with the drug via intranasal route. Notably, BOR can remarkably enhance drug distribution in both hippocampus and cortex, the nidus areas of AD. In conclusion, in combination with intranasal delivery and the intrinsic brain guiding effect of BOR, drug distribution not only in the brain but also in the cortex and hippocampus can be enhanced significantly, providing the perquisite for improved therapeutic efficacy of AD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"18 6","pages":"Article 100778"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1818087623000053/pdfft?md5=fdfef7004cd591260130e55c5f7829e5&pid=1-s2.0-S1818087623000053-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49242097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered exosomes-based theranostic strategy for tumor metastasis and recurrence","authors":"Min Deng ,&nbsp;Shuang Wu ,&nbsp;Peizheng Huang ,&nbsp;Yun Liu ,&nbsp;Chong Li ,&nbsp;Ji Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metastasis-associated processes are the predominant instigator of fatalities linked to cancer, wherein the pivotal role of circulating tumor cells lies in the resurgence of malignant growth. In recent epochs, exosomes, constituents of the extracellular vesicle cohort, have garnered attention within the field of tumor theranostics owing to their inherent attributes encompassing biocompatibility, modifiability, payload capacity, stability, and therapeutic suitability. Nonetheless, the rudimentary functionalities and limited efficacy of unmodified exosomes curtail their prospective utility. In an effort to surmount these shortcomings, intricate methodologies amalgamating nanotechnology with genetic manipulation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and optical intervention present themselves as enhanced avenues to surveil and intercede in tumor metastasis and relapse. This review delves into the manifold techniques currently employed to engineer exosomes, with a specific focus on elucidating the interplay between exosomes and the metastatic cascade, alongside the implementation of tailored exosomes in abating tumor metastasis and recurrence. This review not only advances comprehension of the evolving landscape within this domain but also steers the trajectory of forthcoming investigations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8539,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"18 6","pages":"Article 100870"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1818087623000971/pdfft?md5=66062094b1be145e4db99ecf53ffa7c6&pid=1-s2.0-S1818087623000971-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138544265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}