Post-Soviet geography and economics最新文献

{"title":"The Northern Sea Route—Commercial Potential, Economic Significance, and Infrastructure Requirements","authors":"Claes Lykke Ragner","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641157","url":null,"abstract":"A Norwegian geographer and Deputy Head of the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP) Secretariat surveys past, present, and potential future Northern Sea Route (NSR) cargo flows. The route's economic potential and importance, both as an international transit route and as a transport corridor to and from the Russian Arctic regions, are discussed. An overview of the main NSR infrastructure components (icebreakers, ice-class cargo vessels, ports) also is made, with estimates of future capacity. Based on the survey of future cargo potential, future infrastructure requirements are calculated and compared with estimated capacity in order to identify possible future bottlenecks for NSR operations. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L90, O18, R40. 1 figure, 4 tables, 76 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"541 - 580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bosnia and Herzegovina Five Years after the Dayton Accords","authors":"J. Tesche","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641155","url":null,"abstract":"A specialist on financial issues in the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina assesses economic performance in that country during the five years following conclusion of the Dayton Peace Accords. The basic provisions of the Accords relating to economic activity and post-war reconstruction are presented, after which the analysis focuses on developments in the economy, privatization, and banking-sector reform, to the extent that available data allow. Coverage then turns to a review of the role of the Office of the High Representative in administration of the State's two constituent Entities: the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina and the Serb Republic. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O11, O18, O52. 5 tables, 33 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"512 - 526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Patterns of Political Choice in the Post-Yel'tsin Era: The Electoral Geography of Russia's 2000 Presidential Election","authors":"R. Clem, P. Craumer","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641153","url":null,"abstract":"Two specialists on the electoral geography of post-Soviet Russia analyze spatial voting patterns from the March 2000 Russian presidential election by reference to the underlying socioeconomic traits of Russia's regions. In an effort to gauge the extent to which regional variations in voter turnout and preferences evident from previous elections persisted into the presidential election, the authors compare the outcome with results of a previous presidential contest (1996) and, where relevant, to the 1999 elections to the State Duma. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H10, O50, Z10. 7 figures, 5 tables, 21 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"465 - 482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reorganization of Agricultural Enterprises in Ukraine in 2000: A Research Note","authors":"M. Pugachov, D. V. Atta","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641156","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines organizational features and problems experienced by the agricultural enterprises created (reorganized) during the farm reform mandated by Ukrainian Presidential Decree 1529 of December 3, 1999, as well as trends in land and non-land asset leasing. The research is based on analysis of summary statistics for the reform collected in early May 2000, as well as an exploratory survey of 16 farm enterprises in Kyiv, Sumy, and Chemihiv oblasts. Some tentative conclusions are drawn regarding the extent to which farm reorganization has fostered fundamental vis-á-vis largely formal changes, as well as its impact on the power of farm directors. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: D20, Q15, R14.1 table, 3 figures, 7 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"527 - 540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Russian Peasants Remain in Collective Farms: A Household Perspective on Agricultural Restructuring","authors":"M. Amelina","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641154","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to understand what motivates collective farm employees-share-holders to remain in collective structures rather than exercise their legally sanctioned right to leave with land and property shares. On the basis of a 1999 survey of 181 collective farm households and analysis of regional agricultural policies in Leningrad and Saratov oblasts, the paper examines divergent overt and covert benefits that employees derive from association with market-oriented versus less reformed collective agricultural producers. The paper relates the structure of employee incentives to regional-level agricultural policies and to the divergent effects these policies have on the depth and pattern of structural transformations of agricultural production. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O18, Q10, Q15. 5 figures, 15 tables, 38 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"483 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aboriginal Territorial Rights and the Sovereignty of the Sakha Republic","authors":"G. Fondahl, O. Lazebnik, G. Poelzer","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641150","url":null,"abstract":"An exploratory paper by an interdisciplinary team comprising two geographers and a political scientist investigates the role that aboriginal land claims legislation may play in efforts of Russia's ethnically based republics to increase their sovereignty vis-a-vis the Center. A specific focus is on the establishment of nomadic clan obshchinas in the Sakha Republic, and analysis of their spatial patterns within the republic. The paper then discusses how these units may serve as a possible hedge against secessionist sentiments in the south at the same time that they symbolize the republic government's commitment to preserving the rights of non-Sakha residents. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H10, H70, Q20. 3 figures, 2 tables, 47 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"401 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Great Russian Depression of the 1990s: Observations on Causes and Implications","authors":"Shinichiro Tabata","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641148","url":null,"abstract":"A senior Japanese economist briefly examines the causes of Russia's great economic depression of the 1990s, highlighting the important role of the ruble exchange rate. The author argues that “liberalization” of exchange markets contributed substantially to the depression, because of the “dual” nature of the Russian economy (strong energy sector and weak manufacturing sector). Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E50, E58, F31. 7 tables, 22 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"9 1","pages":"389 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59653107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the Russian Financial Crisis on Stock Exchanges in Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"T. Linné","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641152","url":null,"abstract":"A German economist analyses the structure of capital flows to Central and Eastern European countries following the Russian financial crisis in August 1998. Special attention is devoted to the behavior of equity flows and their impact on the stock exchanges in the region and on enterprises' ability to raise capital. In addition, the paper provides an assessment of the effects of the establishment of pension funds on the development of the stock exchanges and evaluates the prospects for several newly established trading places for stocks of companies from Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F30, G15, G20. 1 figure, 4 tables, 24 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"448 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on the Great Russian Depression","authors":"C. Gaddy, B. Ickes","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641149","url":null,"abstract":"S hinichiro Tabata (2000) emphasizes the role of the ruble exchange rate in explaining Russian economic performance in the 1990s. There is much to say for this view. Russia emerged from the Soviet period with an industrial economy that was unprepared for global competition. A sufficiently large depreciation of the ruble would have signaled the real (external) market value of Russian production. It would also have reduced real incomes and thus better reflected the actual inheritance from the Soviet period. But Russia is not just an inefficient manufacturer. It is also a major exporter of natural resources. The large demand for rubles generated by those exports kept the ruble from depreciating sufficiently to make the manufacturing sector competitive. At the same time, the economy was not one that was safe for investment. Hence, the rather large export earnings did not go into new capital. Rather, they flowed abroad. Indeed, capital flight from Russia is estimated at roughly $15-20 billion a year since 1994. This large capital flight no doubt prevented even further ruble appreciation, and thus masked how inefficient the economy really was. Tabata argues that the key to understanding the ruble's overvaluation prior to August 1998 is the microeconomics of the exchange market—specifically, compulsory sales of foreign currency by exporters. While this is an interesting point, it would be more appropriate to focus on the fiscal stance of the government. Massive borrowing, both internal and external, led to extraordinarily high interest rates. The government's fiscal policy guaranteed a high value of the ruble no matter how the currency auctions were organized. Of course, foreign investors' perception that Russia was \"too big to fail\" was a critical element. But the fact remains that Russia was living beyond its means during this period. The high ruble meant cheap imports, and it hid the true productivity of the economy. Since August 1998 the ruble has depreciated significantly in real terms, and Tabata is correct to point to this as the central fact of the recovery. Indeed, most of the improvement in tax payments and monetization of the economy can be traced directly to ruble depreciation— rather than behavioral change—a point we have repeatedly emphasized. If this is so, then as Tabata concludes, one has to wonder about the strength of the recovery, as the real depreciation is unlikely to continue indefinitely. Thinking about real depreciation yields insights into the virtual economy. The critical point is that ruble depreciation makes the export-oriented part of the economy (which is predominantly value-adding and cash-based) larger in ruble terms relative to the dinosaur part of","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"399 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Privatization and Foreign Investment in the Utilities Industries of Kazakhstan","authors":"A. E. Peck","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641151","url":null,"abstract":"An American economist specializing in the natural resource and related industries of Kazakhstan examines the experience in the privatization of that country's power generation, telecommunications, and postal services sectors. A focus is on the involvement of foreign companies in the process, the terms of the management contracts/joint-venture agreements, and the extremely short time frame within which privatization was implemented. Difficulties resulting from the rapid pace of privatization are described: unclear terms of sale, reversals of tender awards and cancellation of agreements, nonpayment by consumers, and uncertainties in the setting of rates. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F21, G34, L90. 1 figure, 1 table, 30 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"418 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}