Post-Soviet geography and economics最新文献

{"title":"Surviving the Margins in Post-Soviet Russia: Forestry Villages in Northern Perm' Oblast","authors":"J. Pallot, D. Moran","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641145","url":null,"abstract":"The authors, based on extensive field work in northern Perm' Oblast, investigate how people who cannot or do not wish to leave Russia's economic and geographic margins survive, in this case using “subsidiary plots” and forest resources. Northern Perm' Oblast, one of the northern areas that became “overpopulated” during the Soviet period (in this instance, through forest-industry development), since the USSR's collapse has suffered from loss of the subsidy that previously maintained the standard of living of forestry workers. The paper discusses economic disengagement in the region and its effects on the lives of people who have decided to remain. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: D10, R10, R13. 3 figures, 4 tables, 46 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"341 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifting Electoral Geography in Russia's 1991 and 1996 Presidential Elections","authors":"Scott Gehlbach","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641147","url":null,"abstract":"This research note reexamines Russia's 1991 and 1996 presidential elections, focusing—unlike studies emphasizing stability of Russia's electorate—on differences in electoral geography in the two elections, with oblast-level vote totals for Boris Yel'tsin in 1991 and 1996 being only poorly correlated. Although Yel'tsin's performance in both elections was better in urban than in rural regions, the urbanrural divide in 1996 is shown to differ from that in 1991. Nonetheless, the Russian electorate is stable after 1993, regional voting patterns between 1993 and 1996 being both similar to each other and different from that in the 1991 election. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H10, O50, Z10. 6 tables, 14 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"54 1","pages":"379 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59653032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size of the Public Sector, Contingent Liabilities, and Structural and Cyclical Deficits in the Czech Republic, 1993-1999","authors":"Z. Drabek, Ondřej Schneider","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641144","url":null,"abstract":"Two specialists on fiscal policy in the Czech Republic examine the deterioration of that country's fiscal position during the late 1990s and outline its causes and consequences. Particular attention is devoted to developments in the government sector, extra-budgetary activities, sources of revenue, patterns of government spending, hidden liabilities, and structural and cyclical fiscal imbalances. The authors also assess in some detail the political environment within which fiscal policy is formulated and describe possible outcomes should the current situation and policies continue. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E50, E60, H50, H60. 7 figures, 13 tables, 21 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"311 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kyiv's Nontraditional Immigrants","authors":"Nancy E. Popson, B. Ruble","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641146","url":null,"abstract":"Two American specialists, one on urban issues and the other on Ukraine, examine the changing character of migration into Kyiv, Ukraine's capital and largest city, during the post-Soviet period. The analysis, based on field work, interviews, and local media sources, demonstrates the increasingly global character of immigration patterns, characterized by changes in points of origin of incoming migrants, percentage of legal versus illegal immigrants, the mix between temporary and permanent migration, motives for relocatipn, and mode of entry, impacts of the new wave of immigration on Ukrainian tolerance for foreigners and on the operation of neighborhood schools in Kyiv are investigated. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: I20, J61, O15. 46 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"365 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restructuring of the Commercial Vehicle Industry in the Czech Republic","authors":"P. Pavlínek","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641141","url":null,"abstract":"This paper employs a case-study approach to examine changes in Czech truck and bus manufacturing in the 1990s. Three truck manufacturers (Tatra, Liaz, and Avia) and one bus producer (Karosa) are the focus of detailed analysis. In particular, the paper investigates enterprise behavior before privatization, privatization methods, enterprise restructuring and its effects on production, and financial health of enterprises. The paper documents the failure of voucher privatization of these enterprises to create an efficient ownership structure and improve collapsing truck production. Also, as the case of Avia illustrates, foreign direct investment does not necessarily result in successful enterprise transformation. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F21, L20, L62. 11 figures, 56 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"265 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Areas of Crisis in Russian Agriculture: A Geographic Perspective","authors":"G. Ioffe, T. Nefedova","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641142","url":null,"abstract":"Two geographers with extensive experience in assessing developments in Russian agriculture and rural issues focus on changes in regional patterns of agricultural output during the 1990s. Patterns of soil fertility (bioclimatic potential) and urbanization are proposed as spatial factors that have long affected agricultural output in Russia, and their impacts are juxtaposed with aspatial elements of agrarian reform policy introduced at the national level. Attitudinal and structural characteristics affecting the propensity to adopt reform provide a framework for identifying differences between Russia's Chernozem and Nonchernozem regions. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O18, Q10, Q15. 5 tables, 6 figures, 33 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"288 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ukrainian Scientists' View of Chernobyl': A Case of Déjà Vu?","authors":"David R. Marples","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641143","url":null,"abstract":"' T 1 he need for a new, comprehensive work on the Chernobyl' disaster of 1986 is evident. -•There are currently conflicting views concerning many aspects of the disaster, and Chernobyl' is rarely out of the news as a result of the continuing debate between the G-7 countries and Ukraine as to the status of the plant, the aid that is forthcoming or not forthcoming from the West, Ukrainian energy needs, and the crucial question of the safety of the station and of other reactors in Ukraine. Each anniversary elicits new material from the Ukrainian Health Ministry concerning the alleged number of victims of Ukraine, but there is no consensus on how many people have died because of Chernobyl' or even on the state of health of those living in the contaminated zones. Although some sources maintain that Chernobyl' is one of the great tragedies of the 20th century (Nedashkivs'kiy, 1996, p. 7), others argue that such claims are exaggerated, and that psychological stress has brought on many of the problems of those living in contaminated zones (International Atomic Energy Agency, 1992). This new volume is less a revisionist approach than a reassertion of viewpoints that prevailed in the mid-1980s. It is, in a sense, like taking a step backward in time. It combines valuable new information with cryptic comments, enclosed in somewhat clipped prose and statistics and with an apparent reluctance to deal in depth with the health consequences of the accident. Indeed the latter are included as Appendix 2 rather than in the main text and the only primary medical result of Chernobyl' that is acknowledged by the authors—the rise in incidence of thyroid gland cancer among children—takes up a single page! One wonders how a risk assessment process can be comprehensive if the health consequences of the major industrial accident at a nuclear plant in the 20th century are not included. There are also several odd characteristics of the book. One is language. The editor uses the Ukrainian transliteration Chornobyl (rather than Chernobyl') and notes (p. x) that the official language is Ukrainian, whereas the working language in nuclear science and technology is nearly always Russian. However, this practice is never followed in the text, which either uses Russian throughout (Kiev, rather than Kyiv, for example), or else—and frequently—names that are incorrect in either Russian or Ukrainian. Thus one has (p. 116) Rivno (Russian: Rovno; Ukrainian: Rivne) and Volynsk (rather than Volyn). Each chapter is provided with what presumably is its Russian heading, but these are invariably in the wrong case, or plural rather than singular. It seems astonishing that editors of a book of this caliber","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"306 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiscal Adjustment in the Transition Process: Hungary, 1990-1999","authors":"Gabor Kiss, György. Szapáry","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641140","url":null,"abstract":"Two economists of the National Bank of Hungary review fiscal developments during a decade of transition in Hungary. The paper examines the role of fiscal policy in stabilizing the economy in the face of external and reform-induced shocks, the way in which fiscal policy contributed to the reforms, and the manner in which the downsizing of the government was implemented. The authors also analyze the main causes of public debt accumulation and sources of financing. The paper concludes by identifying some lessons to be derived from the Hungarian experience. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H62, P27, P35. 7 figures, 9 tables, 20 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"233 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Privatization and Enterprises in Georgia","authors":"Robert L. Cemovich","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641139","url":null,"abstract":"An American attorney directing a U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) program supporting privatization of urban and industrial land in Georgia since autumn 1997 describes the procedure whereby previously privatized enterprises can acquire the land beneath and surrounding those enterprises. This program, incorporating experience derived in commercial land privatization elsewhere in the former USSR and designed to emphasize transparency and minimize fees and paperwork, is compared with alternative approaches utilized in other republics. A procedure whereby enterprises not meeting land privatization criteria may lease land from the state, and whereby local authorities may sell vacant land, also is described. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: D23, R33, R52. 20 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"217 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urbanization in Ukraine during the 1990s","authors":"R. Rowland","doi":"10.1080/10889388.2000.10641138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641138","url":null,"abstract":"An American geographer specializing in population change and urbanization in countries of the former USSR analyzes spatial patterns of urban population change in Ukraine from 1989 to 1999, utilizing data from the 1989 USSR census and official 1999 population estimates. General urban population dynamics first are investigated at the national and oblast levels, with a focus on the effects of natural population dynamics and migration. The analysis then shifts to individual urban centers, focusing on rapidly growing, declining, and disappearing and new towns. Linkages are explored between towns of each type and their major economic functions. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O18, R12, R23. 3 figures, 6 tables, 87 references.","PeriodicalId":85332,"journal":{"name":"Post-Soviet geography and economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"183 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10889388.2000.10641138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59652766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}