Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)最新文献_第8页

Screening low fire blight susceptible Crataegus species for host suitability to hawthorn leaf-curling aphids (Dysaphis spp.). 筛选低火枯病易感山楂属植物对山楂卷叶蚜寄主适宜性。

Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen) Pub Date : 2002-01-01

E Bribosia, D Bylemans, G Van Impe, M Migon

{"title":"Screening low fire blight susceptible Crataegus species for host suitability to hawthorn leaf-curling aphids (Dysaphis spp.).","authors":"E Bribosia, D Bylemans, G Van Impe, M Migon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The group of hawthorn leaf-curling aphids (Dysaphis spp.) hosted by the common hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Jacq. may play an important role in the biological control of the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini), by increasing reproduction opportunities for the indigenous hymenopteran parasitoid Ephedrus persicae Froggatt. Unfortunately, most fruitgrowers hesitate to introduce the common hawthorn in their orchards because they fear fire blight infections which may be transmitted by this highly susceptible hawthron species. This potential hazard led us to investigate the suitability to leaf-curling aphids of alternative Crataegus species. As representative for these closely-related aphids, the species Dysaphis apiifolia petroselini (Börner) was used in the trials. Ten Crataegus species characterized by their very low susceptibility to fire blight were examined from two angles. Firstly, aphid sexuals were introduced in autumn onto the different species to verify whether egg laying could take place. Secondly, the development of fundatrices and gall formation were followed the next spring. Although eggs and mature fundatrices could be obtained on almost all species, no fundatrice-hosting galls were recorded in spring. The possible causes of these negative results with respect to the geographical origin of the particular Crataegus species involved in this work are discussed.","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 3","pages":"473-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22342131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microfungi on compositae in the Ruhr Basin. 鲁尔盆地复合科微真菌。

Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen) Pub Date : 2002-01-01

N Ale-Agha, G B Feige, M Dachowski

{"title":"Microfungi on compositae in the Ruhr Basin.","authors":"N Ale-Agha, G B Feige, M Dachowski","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Forty-three microfungi have been observed on thirty species of the Compositae occurring in several locations in the Ruhr Basin in North Rhine-Westphalia. Many fungi belong to the Ascomycetes (Erysiphales, Diaporthales, Dothideales, Leotiales and Pleosporales) and to the Deuteromycetes (Melanconiales, Moniliales and Sphaeropsidales). Other fungi wich were found in our investigation belong to the Basidiomycetes (Uredinales) and to the Oomycetes (Peronosporales). Some recorded microfungi have been discovered on new hosts in North Rhine-Westphalia and also in Germany for the first time. New for North Rhine-Westphalia are Ascochyta spec. Libert on Matricaria recutita L., Phoma exigua var. linicola (Naumov & Vassilevski) Maas on Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) W. D. J. Koch, Phomopsis achillea (Sacc.) Höhn. on Achillea ageratum L., Diaporthe aff. arctii (Lasch) Nitschke on Solidago canadensis L. and on Achillea ageratum L., Lophiostoma caulium (Fr.) Ces. & De Not. on Anthemis tinctoria L. and Ophiobolus fructicum (Rob. ex Desm.) on Serratula tinctoria L. New for Germany are Ophiobolus cirsii (P. Karst.) Sacc. on Cichorium intybus L., Phomopsis cirsii Grove on Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten., Pleospora kansensis J. P. Ellis & M. B. Ellis and Pleospora phaeocomoides cf. var. infectoria on Centaurea jacea L.","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 2","pages":"217-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22345695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategies for biological system management of nematodes in horticultural crops: fumigate, confuse or ignore them. 园艺作物线虫的生物系统管理策略:熏蒸、混淆或忽略它们。

Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen) Pub Date : 2002-01-01

Richard A Sikora

{"title":"Strategies for biological system management of nematodes in horticultural crops: fumigate, confuse or ignore them.","authors":"Richard A Sikora","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated management of nematodes as well as other soil-borne pests and diseases in horticultural crops in the tropics and subtropics as well as in protected cultivation in temperate climates is often a lopsided approach based on soil fumigation. With the upcoming loss of methyl bromide (Mbr), because of its effects on the ozone layer of the atmosphere, growers will have to make changes in the way they look at the problem of controlling soil-borne nematodes, fungi, insects and weeds. They can no longer rely on eradication of all pest problems with a one-stroke fumigation process. This is a severe problem that requires sound scientific solutions. New control technologies need to be developed and established methods urgently refined that are acceptable to the growers. Alternative fumigants and systemic nematicides still on the market will not provide broad spectrum control equal to Mbr. More disturbing is a provocative statement made by an economist that due to pesticides nematologists have neglected developing suitable alternative IPM measures of control. Some people may agree with this statement, especially if they are not involved in soil-ecosystem research. If you are a nematologist, this thought-provoking statement is at first upsetting but it is not valid. My talk will concentrate on the biological and cultural control methodologies that have been developed by nematologist around the world for use in management systems. These are technologies that can compensate for the loss of methyl bromide to horticultural crops in many countries. Alternatives are available and new methodologies are being developed for restructuring IPM strategies in many crops. The compatibility of these new approaches with general farming practices needs to be assessed on a country by country basis. Mutually interacting technology packages are needed, that are logically structured in \"biological system management\" programs that stress biocontrol aspects of control and not pesticides as is often the case in standard IPM approaches.","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 2","pages":"5-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22345951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Helicoverpa Armigera resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in northern Cameroon. 喀麦隆北部棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性评价。

Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen) Pub Date : 2002-01-01

T Brévault, P Asfom, J Beyo, S Nibouche, M Vaissayre

{"title":"Assessment of Helicoverpa Armigera resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in northern Cameroon.","authors":"T Brévault, P Asfom, J Beyo, S Nibouche, M Vaissayre","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In Central Africa savannas, the noctuid Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a major pest of cotton and vegetable crops (including tomato and okra) which directly affects production by attacking fruit-bearing organs. In order to prevent and anticipate problems, the national cotton company (SODECOTON), with the help of the agricultural research (IRAD-PRASAC), implemented in 1999 a monitoring network for the early detection of resistance of target insects to the main recommended insecticides. Over the last three years, from 1999 up to 2001, assessment of H. armigera susceptibility to pyrethroid insecticides was carried out through both vial tests and topical bioassays. Revealed in southern and western Africa, pyrethroid resistance now seems to affect Central Africa also. Although control failure due to resistance has not yet been reported from the field, these results indicate the presence of resistant genes within H. armigera populations in Northern Cameron. Further laboratory studies confirmed the loss of susceptibility to cypermethrin in wild populations. Priority actions to be developed must focus on the rational and concerted management of pesticide use and the implementation of a regional monitoring network for the early detection of the loss of sensibility of target insects to the main recommended insecticides. At the same time, more fundamental research should be undertaken on the epidemiological profile of resistance in order to define practical ways of reducing the selection pressure.","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 3","pages":"641-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22341329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of some insecticides on acetylcholinesterase from beneficial insects: Coccinella septempunctata, Chrysoperla carnea and Forficula auricularia. 几种杀虫剂对七星瓢虫、金蝶和木耳虫乙酰胆碱酯酶的影响。

Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen) Pub Date : 2002-01-01

Andras Bozsik, Frédéric Francis, Charles Gaspar, Eric Haubruge

{"title":"Effect of some insecticides on acetylcholinesterase from beneficial insects: Coccinella septempunctata, Chrysoperla carnea and Forficula auricularia.","authors":"Andras Bozsik, Frédéric Francis, Charles Gaspar, Eric Haubruge","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro enzyme activity of head homogenates from adults of Coccinella septempunctata, Chrysoperla carnea and Forficula auricularia originated from different habitats in Belgium (wheat, barley, rye, set-aside fields and experimental orchard, uncultivated area) were investigated in presence of insecticide active ingredients. Using the procedure of Ellman, I50 (M) and Ki (M-1 min-1) values were established. The beneficial insects showed the least susceptibility to diazinon and the differences between their measured values were not remarkable. Paraoxon was extremely toxic to the AChE of F. auricularia but Ch. carnea and C. septempunctata were similarly more tolerant to this organophosphate. In the case of malaoxon earwig and green lacewing AChEs were much more sensitive than AChE of the ladybird beetle. Measuring the carbaryl inhibition, F. auricularia was the least tolerant. The susceptibility of ladybird AChE differed highly from that of both species. According to the measured values, the green lacewing was less tolerant than the ladybird beetle but more tolerant compared with the common earwig. Summarizing our biochemical results, the order of susceptibility of beneficial insects to insecticides investigated was the following F. auricularia > Ch. carnea > C. septempunctata.","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 3","pages":"671-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22341333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of extraction techniques and augers of different size. 不同尺寸的螺旋钻和提取技术的比较。

Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen) Pub Date : 2002-01-01

T G van Galen-van Beers, E Brommer, L P G Molendijk

{"title":"Comparison of extraction techniques and augers of different size.","authors":"T G van Galen-van Beers, E Brommer, L P G Molendijk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Because of differences in winter survival of Pratylenchus penetrans after different host plants, concern arose about traditional extraction and soil sampling techniques. Possible bottlenecks are a too short incubation period of the root material for the time of year, or an auger size to small to pick up tough, fresh, root material. Two experiments were carried out to compare different auger sizes and variations on the standard Oostenbrink elutriation technique with additional filter-incubation of the organic material left on the top sieve (180 microns) of the elutriator. The hypothesis that soil sampling in a green crop results in more root material with a 2.5-cm auger, compared to a 1.3 cm auger, proved to be right. Since there was no effect on the number of P. penetrans recovered, the 1.3 cm auger is preferred because with this auger more cores are taken to gather the same amount of soil, resulting in a better estimation of the population. It appeared that highest yields are accomplished with the standard extraction-plus incubation-method described above. Every methodical effort to improve the extraction effectivity, caused only loss of nematodes. An incubation period of two weeks came out to be minimum. After this period, another 15 to 20% of nematodes could be harvested.","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 3","pages":"691-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22341335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novaluron (Rimon), a novel IGR--mechanism, selectivity and importance in IPM programs. 新型IGR的机制、选择性及其在IPM中的重要性。

Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen) Pub Date : 2002-01-01

Isaac Ishaaya, A Rami Horowitz, Luc Tirry, Avner Barazani

{"title":"Novaluron (Rimon), a novel IGR--mechanism, selectivity and importance in IPM programs.","authors":"Isaac Ishaaya, A Rami Horowitz, Luc Tirry, Avner Barazani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Novaluron (Rimon), a new IGR, acts by both ingestion and contact. It is a powerful toxicant for controlling lepidopteran larvae resulting in LC-90 values of 0.42 and 0.30 mg a.i./liter for Spodoptera littoralis and S. exigua, respectively. Its residual activity under field conditions ranges between 10 and 30 days depending on environmental conditions. The compound is a powerful toxicant against developing stages of whiteflies, resulting in LC-90 values of 0.68 and 8.56 mg a.i./liter for Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum, respectively. It has translaminar activity, enabling the control of the leaf miner Liriomyza huidobrensis at concentrations ranging between 5 and 45 mg a.i./liter. Novaluron has no cross-resistance with other leading compounds for controlling whiteflies such as buprofezin and pyriproxyfen. It is a rain fast compound suitable in the tropics and in rainy seasons. It has no appreciable effect on parasitoids and phytoseiids and a mild effect on other natural enemies and may be considered a potential component in IPM programs. The compound is in the process of commercialization worldwide by Makhteshim Chemical Works for controlling agricultural pests.","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 3","pages":"617-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22342582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insecticidal activity of a nonsteroidal moulting hormone agonist on mosquito larvae and effects on ecdysteroid amounts. 一种非甾体换毛激素激动剂对蚊子幼虫的杀虫活性及其对表皮甾体含量的影响。

Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen) Pub Date : 2002-01-01

H Boudjelida, A Bouaziz, G Smagghe, N Soltani

{"title":"Insecticidal activity of a nonsteroidal moulting hormone agonist on mosquito larvae and effects on ecdysteroid amounts.","authors":"H Boudjelida, A Bouaziz, G Smagghe, N Soltani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The secondary effects of conventional insecticides on the environment, vertebrates and beneficial organisms have caused a move to the use of more target-specific chemicals such as insect growth regulators. Halofenozide (RH-0345) is a novel nonsteroidal ecdysteroid agonist that induces a precocious and incomplete moult in several insect orders. In the present study, the insecticidal activity of a commercial formulation of halofenozide (23% EC) was evaluated at different concentrations ranging between 8 and 32 micrograms/l. Treatment was made on newly moulted fourth-instar larvae of the mosquito, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), and mortality was scored until adult emergence. Results showed that death in the larval stage was relatively important. Moreover, treatment caused a significant reduction in the length of the larval and pupal stage. In a second series of experiments, halofenozide was tested at two doses (LC50 = 12.58 micrograms/l and LC90 = 28.58 micrograms/l) and the ecdysteroid amounts during the fourth instar were evaluated in an enzyme immunoassay. We noted that halofenozide did not shifted the moment of the single larval ecdysteroid peak, but it caused an increase of the titre values. Finally, the compound at the highest concentration was found to increase significantly the cuticle thickness recorded at day 4 following treatment.","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 3","pages":"657-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22341331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of static and dynamic surface tension on atomisation with agricultural nozzles. 静态和动态表面张力对农用喷嘴雾化的影响。

Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen) Pub Date : 2002-01-01

Pieter Spanoghe, Hilde Van Eeckhout, Walter Steurbaut, Paul Van der Meeren

引用次数: 0

Geographical distribution and host preference of common bunt Tilletia foetidae (Wallr.) Liro and Tilletia caries (DC) Tul. on bread wheat and durum wheat. 小叶Tilletia foetidae的地理分布及寄主偏好Liro和Tilletia龋齿(DC) Tul。面包用小麦和硬粒小麦。

Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen) Pub Date : 2002-01-01

S Ismail, O F Mamluk, M F Azmeh

引用次数: 0