{"title":"Polymorphism in mechanochromic luminogens: recent advances and perspectives","authors":"Ramakant Gavale, Faizal Khan and Rajneesh Misra","doi":"10.1039/D4TC03815K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC03815K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polymorphism in mechanochromic materials is a subject of growing research interest due to its implication in various optoelectronic devices. Polymorphs refer to materials or substances that, despite having identical chemical compositions, exhibit different crystal structures, leading to variations in emission colors. The occurrence of polymorphism in a compound is often a result of various factors, such as temperature, pressure as well as the solvents used in the recrystallization methods and such polymorphs might respond differently to external mechanical stimuli. This review focuses on the development of polymorphic mechanochromic luminogens and their emission in response to a mechanical stimulus along with their polymorphs; moreover it highlights the importance of intermolecular interactions and packing modes in regulating mechanofluorochromic performance. The review aims to reveal the mechanisms behind polymorphism, exploring how intermolecular interactions, crystal packing, and molecular conformation contribute to the generation of different emission colors. The present review provides an elucidative assessment of recently developed organic mechanochromic polymorphic materials, focusing on the factors influencing their formation and properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 3","pages":" 1063-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edward Loukopoulos, Constantinos Tsangarakis, Konstantinos G. Froudas, Maria Vassaki, Giasemi K. Angeli and Pantelis N. Trikalitis
{"title":"Accessing mixed cluster rare-earth MOFs with reduced connectivity via linker expansion and desymmetrization: co-assembly of 6-c and 10-c hexanuclear clusters in RE-stc-MOF-1†","authors":"Edward Loukopoulos, Constantinos Tsangarakis, Konstantinos G. Froudas, Maria Vassaki, Giasemi K. Angeli and Pantelis N. Trikalitis","doi":"10.1039/D4TC03317E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC03317E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >MOFs based on hexanuclear rare-earth (RE) clusters with reduced connectivity (<12) are rare. The co-assembly of RE clusters with distinct reduced connectivity provides access to novel structures. We report a new family of MOFs denoted as RE-<strong>stc</strong>-MOF-1, displaying a unique (3,3,3,3,6,10)-connected network, based on 6-c and 10-c RE hexanuclear clusters.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 1","pages":" 31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/tc/d4tc03317e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“This or that” – light emission from hybrid organic–inorganic vs. coordination Cu(i) halides","authors":"Dilruba A. Popy and Bayram Saparov","doi":"10.1039/D4TC04153D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC04153D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In recent years, multiple new families of ultra-high efficiency light emitting Cu(<small>I</small>) halides have been developed for various optical applications. Among the light emitting Cu(<small>I</small>) halides, two distinct materials classes can be recognized, hybrid organic–inorganic Cu(<small>I</small>) halides featuring structurally separated organic cations and Cu(<small>I</small>) halide anions, and coordination Cu(<small>I</small>) halides containing organic ligands attached to Cu(<small>I</small>) centers. These two materials classes have been developed in parallel, and each research field has its own set of terminologies, which has caused confusion regarding similarities and differences between them. In this review, syntheses, crystal and electronic structures, optical properties, and photoemission mechanisms of these two distinct materials classes are compared. This work is concluded with a brief review of exciting potential practical applications of both hybrid organic–inorganic and coordination Cu(<small>I</small>) halides.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 2","pages":" 521-560"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Gao, Yikang Jiang, Xiaosong Lu and Zhiyong Yang
{"title":"Structural engineering of glass for regulating chemical surroundings of dopants","authors":"Yuan Gao, Yikang Jiang, Xiaosong Lu and Zhiyong Yang","doi":"10.1039/D4TC03864A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC03864A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Optical gain materials activated by dopants are playing pivotal roles in fiber amplifiers, solid-state lasers and biological imaging. Achieving high photoluminescence (PL) efficiency in a stable matrix by regulating the chemical surroundings of dopants in an inert glass matrix remains a challenge. Here, we report a novel method for regulating the chemical surroundings of dopants by modulating the network structure of the glass matrix, achieving regulation of dopant PL efficiency. The luminescent properties of glass were adjusted not only by altering its composition, but also more importantly by controlled nanocrystallization. Furthermore, by utilizing lattice-site substitution engineering, the spectral shape and PL efficiency of active centers can be regulated by controlling the method of cation substitution at sub-nanometer scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 2","pages":" 561-567"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanoscale scintillating materials for X-ray imaging: fundamentals and applications","authors":"Yuan Zhong, Xujiang Yu and Wanwan Li","doi":"10.1039/D4TC04382K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC04382K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >X-ray imaging based on scintillators holds significant importance in medical diagnosis, security inspection, and industrial production. Nanoscale scintillators (NSs) with lower processing costs and synthesis temperatures possess the advantages of easy shape customization and flexibility in imaging, thus making them a viable solution to address the various limitations of traditional single-crystal scintillators. Here, this review summarizes the research progress of NSs in the field of X-ray indirect imaging from the perspectives of fundamentals, materials, structure engineering and applications. Initially, the scintillation mechanism and performance requirements of NSs are outlined with a detailed classification of emission modes for each type of NS. Subsequently, nanoscale scintillating materials, including II–VI quantum dots, metal halides, rare earth ion-doped compounds, metal clusters and metal–organic frameworks, are discussed with emphasis on enriching the material inventories and modulating the scintillation properties. Furthermore, the structural forms of NSs in scintillation screens and their research progress in multi-mode X-ray imaging applications are presented. Finally, the main challenges for practical applications and future research directions are discussed. This review suggests that the exploration of NSs could facilitate significant breakthroughs in X-ray imaging in terms of imaging performance and application scenarios in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 3","pages":" 1036-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duarte M. Esteves, Maria S. Batista, Joana Rodrigues, Ana V. Girão, Luís C. Alves, Ana L. Rodrigues, M. Isabel Dias, Florinda M. Costa, Katharina Lorenz, Sónia O. Pereira, Teresa Monteiro and Marco Peres
{"title":"Photoluminescence, persistent luminescence and thermoluminescence studies of Cr-doped zinc gallogermanate (ZGGO:Cr)†","authors":"Duarte M. Esteves, Maria S. Batista, Joana Rodrigues, Ana V. Girão, Luís C. Alves, Ana L. Rodrigues, M. Isabel Dias, Florinda M. Costa, Katharina Lorenz, Sónia O. Pereira, Teresa Monteiro and Marco Peres","doi":"10.1039/D4TC03924F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC03924F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This paper reports a comprehensive study of single-phase polycrystalline chromium-doped zinc gallogermanate (ZGGO:Cr) synthesised by a high-temperature solid-state reaction, employing photoluminescence (PL), persistent luminescence (PersL) and thermoluminescence (TL) measurements. A bandgap energy of ∼4.77 eV (260 nm) was estimated by optical reflectance. The ZGGO:Cr luminescence was dominated by a red/near-infrared emission due to Cr<small><sup>3+</sup></small> optical centres, which displayed well-resolved R1, R2, N1 and N2 lines, and a broad vibronic progression. PL excitation (PLE) data revealed that those centres were preferentially populated <em>via</em> intraionic absorption, being also excited <em>via</em> band-to-band absorption and by a defect excitation band at ∼0.9 eV below the conduction band, whose origin remains unknown. PersL of more than 10 h was identified and attributed to the N2 Cr<small><sup>3+</sup></small>-related defect. The TL results suggest a continuous distribution of electronic states with activation energies ranging from about 0.7 eV to 1.2 eV. An effective density of states was obtained for different delay times between irradiation and heating, revealing a rapid depopulation for activation energies below ∼1 eV. In short, this research contributes to a better understanding of traps in ZGGO:Cr and highlights the potential of the Cr<small><sup>3+</sup></small>-related emission in this material for dosimetric purposes, paving the way for developing novel ZGGO:Cr-based devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 48","pages":" 19359-19370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satyathiran Gunenthiran, Juan Wang, Cheryl Suwen Law, Andrew D. Abell, Zeyad T. Alwahabi and Abel Santos
{"title":"Nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals for solid-state lasing systems: state-of-the-art and perspectives","authors":"Satyathiran Gunenthiran, Juan Wang, Cheryl Suwen Law, Andrew D. Abell, Zeyad T. Alwahabi and Abel Santos","doi":"10.1039/D4TC04166F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC04166F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photonic crystals (PCs)—dielectric materials with a refractive index that is modulated periodically across the space—are essential components for a broad variety of photonic technologies requiring precise light-manipulation capabilities such as telecommunications, sensing, imaging, energy, stealth, and environmental remediation. Of all these, the emission of light from a radiation source embedded within a PC structure has been envisioned for engineering novel forms of light-emitting and quantum optics systems since the formalization of the PC concept by Yablonovitch and Jonh in 1987. Nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) fabricated by electrochemical oxidation—anodization—of aluminum provides an ideal and versatile effective medium that can be precisely engineered to create multiple forms of PC structures to harness distinct light–matter interactions (<em>e.g.</em>, Bragg diffraction, constructive recirculation, confinement, and interference). The nanoporous framework of NAA-PCs can accommodate a range of light-emitting materials as gain media to modulate the properties of emitted light across the optical spectrum. This review provides an up-to-date overview of recent advances in the field of NAA-PC technology, including new anodization strategies and photonic crystal structures, and focuses on their application in light-emitting and lasing systems. We conclude our review with a list of challenges and opportunities, and the future prospects of this exciting field.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 3","pages":" 985-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taesu Jeon, Doyeong Yeo, Wonbin Choi, Hongki Kim, In Hwan Jung and Joon Hak Oh
{"title":"Exploring π-extended chiral ligands for the direct detection of circularly polarized light in 2D chiral perovskites†","authors":"Taesu Jeon, Doyeong Yeo, Wonbin Choi, Hongki Kim, In Hwan Jung and Joon Hak Oh","doi":"10.1039/D4TC04124K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC04124K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Perovskites incorporating chiral organic ligands are promising for circularly polarized light (CPL) photodetectors. This study introduces biphenyl-based chiral amines, (<em>R</em>/<em>S</em>)-BPEAs, which enabled the successful synthesis of chiral perovskites with larger-sized ligands. These new materials demonstrated improved circular dichroism and enhanced CPL detection, expanding the possibilities for CPL photodetectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 47","pages":" 19058-19062"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhihang Wang, Beatrice E. Jones, Larissa G. Franca, Takashi Lawson, Martyn Jevric, Kasper Moth-Poulsen and Rachel C. Evans
{"title":"Multilayer films for photon upconversion-driven photoswitching†","authors":"Zhihang Wang, Beatrice E. Jones, Larissa G. Franca, Takashi Lawson, Martyn Jevric, Kasper Moth-Poulsen and Rachel C. Evans","doi":"10.1039/D4TC03513E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TC03513E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photoswitchable materials are of significant interest for diverse applications from energy and data storage to additive manufacturing and soft robotics. However, the absorption profile is often a limiting factor for practical applications. This can be overcome using indirect excitation <em>via</em> complementary photophysical pathways, such as triplet sensitisation or photon upconversion. Here, we demonstrate the use of triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) to drive photoswitching of the energy storing photoswitch norbornadiene–quadricyclane (NBD–QC) in the solid-state. A photoswitchable bilayer polymer film, incorporating the TTA-UC sensitiser–emitter pair of platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), was used to trigger the photoinduced [2+2] cycloaddition of NBD to form QC using visible instead of UV light. The isolated TTA-UC film showed green-to-blue upconversion, with a competitive upconversion efficiency of (1.9 ± 0.1%) for the solid-state in air. Direct photoswitching of the isolated NBD film was demonstrated with a narrow UV light source (340 nm). However, in the bilayer film, spectral overlap between the upconverted blue emission in the TTA-UC film and the absorbance band of the NBD film resulted in indirect photoswitching using visible green light (532 nm, 1 W cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small>), thus extending the spectral operational window of the photoswitching film. The results demonstrate proof-of-feasibility of TTA-UC-promoted photoswitching in the solid-state, paving the way for potential applications in light-harvesting devices and smart coatings, using a wider selection of irradiation wavelengths.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 47","pages":" 19030-19034"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11589804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seung-Han Kang, Jeong-Wan Jo, Jaehyun Kim and Sung Kyu Park
{"title":"Stretchable electronics based on inorganic semiconducting materials","authors":"Seung-Han Kang, Jeong-Wan Jo, Jaehyun Kim and Sung Kyu Park","doi":"10.1039/D4TC03745F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC03745F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recent progress in the growth and development of unconventional electronics engineered on plastic and even elastomeric substrates with flexibility and stretchability has opened up new opportunities for unprecedented applications over the past few years, especially of relevance in electronic skin and bio-integrated systems. The associated assembly technologies provide the ability to accommodate demanding forms of unusual shapes, mechanical flexure, and stretching structures that are not allowed for conventional silicon-based applications. Specifically, mechanically guided designs with advanced classes of inorganic electronic components including metal-oxides and nanostructures can offer mechanical properties with superior performance and functionality to organic materials, which have comparatively limited characteristics, allowing high-density device integration onto various soft and curvilinear shapes. This review summarizes the several approaches and current state-of-the art of the development of stretchable electronics based on inorganic semiconducting materials. Trends from the diverse structural geometries for functional device designs and fundamental principles of device components and modules to the key fabrication methods and the essential investigations, various stretchable device applications and recent developments in system demonstrations are fully covered. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for the inorganic based stretchable electronics are also provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 48","pages":" 19323-19351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}