Asia Pacific Allergy最新文献

{"title":"Current status of bronchial asthma and results of asthma control in patients after 3 months of treatment: A longitudinal follow-up study.","authors":"Dan Bui Van, Oanh Nguyen Thi, Ha Nguyen Le, Lan Nguyen Thi Thu, Huong Nguyen Thi Mai, Mui Tran Thi, Quan Nguyen Van Hong, Trinh Cao Thi, Hanh Hong Chu, Phuong Nguyen Hoang, Tung Le Dinh","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic respiratory disease that significantly affects patients' quality of life if not well managed. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2022 guidelines open a new, more effective direction in controlling asthma attacks for patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study was conducted to describe the current status of BA and the results of asthma control in patients after 3 months of treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 47 patients over 12 years old with BA treated at the Department of Allergy, Immunology and Dermatology, Hospital E, from July 2023 to September 2024. The current study assessed BA control after treatment for patients according to GINA 2022 guidelines and the Asthma Control Test (ACT) score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before treatment, the majority of patients' BA attacks were severe (55.3%) with moderate obstructive ventilatory disorder (42.6%). After treatment, patients' asthma was completely controlled at 93.6%, while respiratory function was significantly improved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After treatment, patients' asthma was well controlled on all 3 assessment scales: GINA 2022 symptom control, ACT score, and respiratory function. Widespread application of GINA 2022 guidelines in BA control in Vietnam is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"16 2","pages":"100-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical phenotypes and molecular endotypes of chronic urticaria: Linking clinical expression to underlying immune mechanisms.","authors":"Murat Türk, Mojca Bizjak-Suran, Pelin Kuteyla Can, Paulo Ricardo Criado, Joachim W Fluhr, Deniz Özceker, Ruby Pawankar, Polina Pyatilova, Andaç Salman, Jorge Sánchez, Gülseren Tuncay, Yi-Kui Xiang, Muhammed Burak Yücel, Emek Kocatürk","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic urticaria (CU) is a biologically heterogeneous inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent wheals and/or angioedema. Despite its uniform clinical presentation, the disease encompasses diverse clinical phenotypes and molecular endotypes driven by distinct immune mechanisms. Integrating these patterns is essential for transitioning from empirical management toward precision medicine. This review explores the convergence of observable clinical phenotypes and underlying molecular endotypes to refine diagnosis and guide stratified therapeutic strategies. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on clinical clusters (eg, pediatric, elderly, and ethnic variations), immunological drivers (type I autoallergy and type IIb autoimmunity), and emerging targeted therapies. Linking clinical phenotypes with molecular endotypes enables a more personalized approach to CU management. Future directions include the validation of point-of-care biomarkers and the utilization of digital phenotyping to achieve disease modification and long-term remission.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"16 2","pages":"107-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental variables influencing tick anaphylaxis presentations: An observational study.","authors":"Katherine Duong, Melanie Burk, David Boettiger, Bronte Cross, Ayesha Owen, Jordan Symons, Andrew Ratchford, Sheryl van Nunen","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Ixodes holocyclus</i>, the predominant tick species on the eastern coast of Australia, is responsible for the increasing incidence of tick anaphylaxis (TA) presentations. While ticks thrive under warm and humid conditions, the influence of environmental conditions on TA incidence remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to correlate environmental variables with TA presentations in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to predict tick seasons and forewarn residents of tick-endemic regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Monthly temperature, rainfall, dewpoint, and fire extent data were collected from open-access government resources for Northern and Southern Coastal NSW, and Greater Sydney regions. These were compared with tick bite locations and dates from 278 TA patients from 2005 to 2022, using Pearson's correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Greater Sydney, TA cases were weakly correlated with rainfall (r = -0.15), temperature (r = 0.26), and dewpoint (9 am: r = -0.22; 3 pm: r = -0.22), and a strong negative correlation with percentage area burned (r = -0.94). Northern and Southern coastal NSW TA cases exhibited similarly weak correlations with rainfall, temperature, dewpoint, and percentage area burned.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Larger bushfires may reduce TA presentations through tick habitat destruction. However, the role of weather variables remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for further research to better understand tick ecosystems, which may aid public health initiatives for tick awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"16 2","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13060779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaphylaxis due to progesterone hypersensitivity: A rare cause of recurrent anaphylaxis.","authors":"Van Khanh Bui, Thi Trinh Cao, Hong Ngoc Nguyen","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Progesterone hypersensitivity (PH) is a rare but underrecognized cause of recurrent anaphylaxis in women, particularly those of reproductive age. Both endogenous and exogenous progesterone can trigger hypersensitivity reactions, with clinical presentations ranging from urticaria to life-threatening anaphylaxis. We report a case of a 33-year-old Vietnamese woman who experienced six episodes of unexplained anaphylaxis over two years. A thorough clinical history revealed exposure to intramuscular progesterone during in vitro fertilization cycles and cyclical vulvar skin eruptions before menstruation. Skin prick testing with injectable progesterone was negative, while intradermal testing produced a positive reaction, confirming the diagnosis of PH. The patient was thoroughly counseled regarding her condition and equipped with an epinephrine auto-injector alongside a written anaphylaxis action plan. Daily antihistamine therapy with levocetirizine was initiated to mitigate the risk of endogenous progesterone-induced reactions. Given her stable condition and sterilization history, no further hormonal intervention was required. During two years of follow-up, she remained asymptomatic, with no recurrence of anaphylaxis. This case highlights the importance of considering PH in the differential diagnosis of recurrent anaphylaxis in women, especially those with cyclical allergic symptoms or a history of exogenous progesterone exposure. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to prevent potentially life-threatening events.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"16 2","pages":"138-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13060776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and characteristics of allergic disease among pediatric patients of urban, rural, and remote primary care clinics: A multisite study in the Philippines.","authors":"Carol Stephanie C Tan-Lim, Robbi Miguel G Falcon, Jeremiah F Feliciano, Michael B Fong, Leonila F Dans, Mia P Rey, Antonio Miguel L Dans","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a dearth of epidemiologic studies on allergic diseases in children in the Philippines.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to describe the prevalence, characteristics, and management of allergic disease consultations among pediatric patients who visited urban, rural, and remote primary care health facilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study involving all pediatric patients less than 19 years old who sought consultation in the primary care facilities in the urban, rural, and remote sites from May 1, 2019, to April 30, 2022. Data from each pediatric consult were encoded in real time into the electronic health record (EHR) by healthcare workers in the primary care sites. The Philippine Primary Care Studies data management team extracted from the EHR the month and year of consultation, frequency of consults, demographic factors including age, sex, and location, and clinical factors including chief complaint, diagnosis, management, and family history of allergic disease of the study participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 20,380 pediatric patients who consulted in the 3 primary care sites over the 3-year study period from May 1, 2019, to April 30, 2022, of which 546 (2.7%) had an allergic condition. The most common allergic condition across the sites was asthma at 74.9%, followed by atopic dermatitis (13.2%) and allergic contact dermatitis (8.1%). The average number of consults per patient was 1.2 (standard deviation: 0.7). Significant variation in the pharmacologic management of the various allergic conditions was observed across the sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of allergic conditions among pediatric patients consulting in the 3 primary care sites was 2.7%, although this is likely an underestimate due to missed diagnosis especially for mild or asymptomatic disease, and lack of confirmatory testing in the primary care setting. Underutilization of first-line medications and overutilization of nonessential drugs were more apparent in the rural and remote sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"16 2","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13060949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergic reactions in systemic lupus erythematosus: From pathogenic pathways to clinical practice.","authors":"Ho Bao Chau Le, Nattiya Hirankarn, Asada Leelahavanichkul","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with a broad range of clinical presentations. Increasingly, allergic reactions-such as urticaria, drug hypersensitivity, and severe cutaneous adverse reactions-are being recognized as potentially linked to the underlying immune dysregulation in SLE, rather than occurring coincidentally.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aimed to examine the immunological overlap between allergy and autoimmunity in SLE and to provide practical guidance on the evaluation and management of allergic manifestations in affected patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review of recent literature was conducted, with a focus on immunopathogenic mechanisms, clinical features, and therapeutic considerations relating to allergy-like symptoms in SLE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current evidence implicates autoreactive IgE, alterations in Fc receptor signaling, and granulocyte-mediated inflammation as contributors to both allergic and autoimmune processes in SLE. Autoreactive IgE may exacerbate disease activity via plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation and type I interferon pathways. Clinically, allergic symptoms may mimic lupus flares or infections, presenting diagnostic challenges. A structured approach to assessment-considering symptom timing, laboratory markers, and treatment response-can aid differentiation. In select cases, biologic agents such as omalizumab and dupilumab, traditionally used for allergic conditions, may hold therapeutic promise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Allergic manifestations in SLE are often overlooked but carry important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Greater integration of allergy and autoimmunity frameworks may improve recognition, management, and personalization of care in this complex patient group.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"16 2","pages":"123-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13060875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes of 2-year <i>Artemisia annua</i> sublingual immunotherapy in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis children and adult patients.","authors":"Change Fan, Huijiao Cai, Xin Tong, Tingting Ma, Yanfei Li, Liya Ai, Xueyan Wang","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pollen immunotherapy has increasingly gained attention in China. However, the majority of existing research is limited to evaluating therapeutic effects within a 1-year treatment period, with insufficient evidence regarding the longer-term course of treatment.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our study was designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of 2-year <i>Artemisia annua</i> sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) treatment in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) patients of all ages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted as a nonblind randomized controlled trial. Fifty eligible patients (7-57 years old) sensitized to <i>Artemisia</i> pollen were randomized into SLIT (n = 25) and control groups (n = 25). The SLIT group administered daily <i>Artemisia annua</i> SLIT for 2 years, and the control group only accepted symptomatic medications. Clinical outcomes including total rhinoconjunctivitis symptom score (TRSS), total medication score (TMS), combined scores of medication and rhinoconjunctivitis symptom (CSMRS), and the visual analog scale (VAS) scores were assessed across 3 consecutive pollen seasons (2021 as baseline, followed by 2022 and 2023). Additionally, the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) was used to evaluate its safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Finally, 43 patients (SLIT: 21, control: 22) completed this study. When compared with the control group, the patients in SLIT group exhibited remarkable improvements in TRSS, TMS, CSMRS, and VAS scores during the 2023 pollen season (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Especially, more patients in the SLIT group showed greater improvement in symptoms, medication use, and the overall situation. Notably, no severe AEs were reported throughout the whole study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Two years of <i>Artemisia annua</i> SLIT treatment was effective and well-tolerated in patients with ARC, confirmed by their improved symptoms and reduced medication use.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"16 2","pages":"92-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13060872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pancake syndrome diagnosed via mite detection in flour using smartphone macro photography.","authors":"Kento Takahashi, Kyohei Takahashi, Risa Aoki, Noriyuki Yanagida","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a case of pancake syndrome (PS) uniquely diagnosed using the macro photography function of a smartphone to detect mite contamination in flour. The patient was a 12-year-old girl with a history of allergic rhinitis who developed severe allergic symptoms, including wheezing and hypoxemia, immediately after consuming homemade Takoyaki-a Japanese dish made with a wheat flour-based batter and cooked in a molded pan-prepared with flour that had been stored at room temperature for several months. Emergency treatment with intramuscular epinephrine and intravenous corticosteroids led to symptom resolution. Based on her clinical history and elevated dust mite-specific IgE levels, PS was suspected. For diagnostic confirmation, the suspect flour was examined using the macro mode of an Apple iPhone 15 Pro, which successfully revealed live mites. This case highlights the potential utility of smartphones in emergency department settings for diagnosis, patient education, and preventive guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"16 2","pages":"141-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13060928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IgE elevation temporally associated with dermal Glufosinate ammonium exposure in an elderly patient: A case report from Vietnam.","authors":"Dang Duc Nguyen, Nguyen Hong Anh Lam, Dang Bach Nguyen","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glufosinate ammonium (GLA) is a nonselective herbicide of the phosphinic acid group, which is widely used in agriculture. Dermatologic toxicity has been rarely reported, especially in the elderly. We present the case of a 94-year-old female patient who developed irritant contact dermatitis and paresthesia after using her feet to stir 20 vials of Glufosinate ammonium herbicide in water. The patient presented with pruritus, numbness of the extremities, and a very high immunoglobulin E (IgE) elevation (855.5 IU/mL), which gradually decreased over time. This is the first report in Vietnam describing a delayed systemic IgE elevation due to dermal exposure to Glufosinate ammonium in a very elderly person.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"16 2","pages":"135-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meat allergy: Specific reactions to chicken, beef, pork, and alternative protein sources.","authors":"Maria Zofia Lisiecka","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Meat allergies, though less common than other food allergies, can be difficult to diagnose due to cross-reactivity among different types of meat and varying immunological responses. Alternative protein sources, including plant-based and nonmammalian animal proteins, are being explored as safer dietary options for individuals with meat allergies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to comprehensively examine the characteristics of allergic reactions to chicken, beef, and pork meat and evaluate the effectiveness of alternative protein sources in improving the diagnosis and management of meat allergies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study covers various clinical manifestations of allergies, including skin rashes, respiratory symptoms (such as shortness of breath and rhinitis), and gastrointestinal disorders. The analysis of the immunological mechanisms underlying these reactions is conducted, with special emphasis on specific proteins that can cause allergic reactions in predisposed people.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The results show that proteins such as Gal d1, present in chicken meat, have a high ability to cause IgE-mediated reactions, leading to sensibilization and the appearance of allergic symptoms. It is also determined that patients with allergies to chicken or beef may have cross-reactivity to proteins of other types of meat, which makes it difficult to accurately diagnose. In particular, patients with chicken allergies may also show a reaction to proteins present in pork and beef, which indicates the need for a more detailed approach to diagnosis. Investigating alternative protein sources, including plant proteins and proteins derived from other animals shows their potential to reduce the frequency and severity of allergic manifestations. These protein sources are considered as possible replacements that can reduce the risk of allergic reactions and facilitate dieting for patients with meat allergies. The study also highlights the need for a personalized approach to the diagnosis and treatment of meat allergies, which is an important aspect of developing more effective allergy management strategies aimed at improving the quality of life of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"16 1","pages":"56-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}