Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The history of nutritional sciences.","authors":"Duo Li","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0001","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human history began with the understanding of food, including what can be eaten, what cannot be eaten, and what is beneficial for health. This is the earliest and simplest form of food nutrition for humans. The history of nutrition, from ancient dietary habits to modern nutritional science as we know it today, is a fascinating journey spanning thousands of years. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the development history of human nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"34 3","pages":"265-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malnourished, gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing surgery: burden of nutritional risk, use of oral nutritional supplements, and impact on health outcomes.","authors":"Hanping Shi, Xuefei Wang, Weiming Kang, Zhongchen Liu, Yun Tang, Chloe Zhu, Kirk W Kerr, Suela Sulo, Qiankun Zhu, Zhaoqing Tang, Zhen Liu, Chengle Zhuang, Tianyu Xie","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0007","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are at high risk for malnutrition because of reduced food intake, poor digestion, and altered absorption.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>In a ret-rospective review of medical records for patients admitted to urban hospitals in an Asian nation for GI tumor surgery (gastric, colon, or anorectal cancers), we found that malnutrition was common yet often overlooked. Our review identified records for 349 adult GI-tumor surgery patients. The Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) was the most frequently used screening instrument. In further review, we compared outcomes for malnourished GI tumor surgery patients given daily oral nutritional supplements (ONS) to outcomes for patients who were not given ONS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Review of results revealed that only 20% of patients in our sample underwent nutritional screening or assessment on admission. Of those who did, nearly 60% were malnourished. Although due to small sample sizes, no statistically significant differences were observed, mal-nourished patients who received ONS had fewer complications and shorter lengths of stay by 1-day. Such findings reveal many missed opportunities to improve patient outcomes and to avert excess healthcare costs for treatment of complications, slowed recovery, longer hospital stays, and readmissions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on our findings, nutritional training for professionals is necessary to address the serious problems of under-recognition and inadequate treatment of malnutrition in hospitalized patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"34 3","pages":"325-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence assisted nutritional risk evaluation model for critically ill patients: Integration of explainable machine learning in intensive care nutrition.","authors":"Chao-Hsiu Chen, Kai-Chih Pai, Hui-Min Hsieh, Yi-Jui Chan, Hsiao-Lin Hsu, Chen-Yu Wang","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0009","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Critically ill patients require individualized nutrition support, with assessment tools like Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 and Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill scores. Challenges in continu-ous nutrition care prompt the need for innovative solutions. This study develops an artificial intelligence assisted nutrition risk evaluation model using explainable machine learning to support intensive care unit dietitians.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>Ethical approval was obtained for a retrospective analysis of 2,122 pa-tients. Nutrition risk assessment involved six dietitians, with 1,994 patients assessed comprehensively. Artificial intelligence models and shapley additive explanations analysis were used to predict and understand nutrition risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High nutrition risk (35.2%) correlated with elder age, lower body weight, BMI, albumin, and higher disease severity. The AUROC scores achieved by XGBoost (0.921), CatBoost (0.926), and LightGBM (0.923) were superior to those of Logistic Regression. Key features influencing nutrition risk included Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, albumin, age, BMI, and haemoglobin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study introduces an artificial intelligence assisted nutrition risk evaluation model, offering a promising avenue for continuous and timely nutrition support in critically ill patients. External validation and exploration of feature relationships are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"34 3","pages":"343-352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping anemia prevalence across Indonesia.","authors":"Lidwina Priliani, Alida R Harahap, Ari W Satyagraha, Rintis Noviyanti, Isabella Apriyana, Illene Nanine, Herawati Sudoyo, Safarina G Malik","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0017","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Anemia is a major health problem worldwide, with complex etiologies and significantly affecting the quality of life and health outcomes. In Indonesia, anemia is a public health concern with a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and infectious disease factors. The prevalence tends to increase in Indonesia from 2007 to 2018. This study aims to explore factors contributing to anemia in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>We used archived data from various population studies collected between 1995 and 2023. A total of 5,486 subjects from 17 study populations in Indonesia were included in the analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportions of anemic women are higher than anemic men (p<0.001), and the anemia prevalence in Indonesia is diverse in various populations. More than 50% of this study subjects were microcytic hypochromic anemia with 35% indicative of iron deficiency and 13% of thalassemia based on Mentzer Index and RDW index cut-off. Hb analysis showed that HbA2 and HbF proportions above normal were significantly higher in the anemic group (p<0.001). We also found beta thalassemia proportions were higher in the anemic group (p<0.001) indicating genetic disorders are prevalent in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The anemia prevalence in Indonesia is high, and the etiology is very complex, with nutritional and non-nutritional factors. Therefore, anemia mitigation in the Indonesian population should consider nutritional and non-nutritional factors. Policy makers should consider intervention programs beyond nutrient-specific strate-gies such as genetic background of the individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"34 3","pages":"430-439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary carbohydrate intake on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Junyu Lan, Man Chen, Xiaoke Zhang, Jianjun Yang","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0003","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to elucidate the dose-response relationship between dietary carbohydrate consumption and the improvement of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in indi-viduals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), following an intensive dietary intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>Randomized controlled trials published up to December 2023 were systematically reviewed from four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Primary outcomes included: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose (FG); and secondary outcomes included: BMI, fasting insulin (FI), Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). We performed a random-effects dose-response meta-analysis to estimate mean differences (MDs) for each 10% reduction in carbohydrate intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 38 articles were analyzed, encompassing 2,831 total par-ticipants. Compared to the highest recorded carbohydrate intake (65%), reducing carbohydrate intake to 5% showed that for every 10% decrease, the following improvements were observed: HbA1c (MD: 0.39%; 95%CI: -0.5 to -0.28%), FG (MD: 0.55 mmol/L; 95%CI: -0.82 to -0.28 mmol/L), BMI (MD: -0.83 kg/m2; 95%CI: -1.27 to -0.38 kg/m2), FI (MD: -2.19 pmol/L; 95%CI: -3.64 to -0.73 pmol/L), HOMA-IR (MD: -1.53; 95%CI: -3.09 to 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reducing dietary carbohydrate intake significantly improves glycemic control and insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes. A linear reduction in carbohydrate intake was observed, with significant effects occurring within the first 6 months of the intervention. However, these effects diminished beyond this period. Notably, the improvements in glycemic parameters were not significantly affected by whether calorie restriction was implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"34 3","pages":"282-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic evidence of the causal relationship between serum micronutrients and Graves' disease: A Mendelian randomization and cross-sectional observational study.","authors":"Jun Zhang, Yi Lu, Hongxia Yang, Shuqiong Hu, Yunyun Zhou, Mengnan Jiang, Ranjie Zhu, Li Wu","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0016","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Exploring the effects of circulating micronutrients on Graves' disease (GD) through observational research or randomized controlled trials has drawn more attention. In order to investigate the putative causal inference, we provide an illustrative estimate of two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary approach to determine the causal relationships between micronutrients level and GD. Several complementary sensitivity analyses were also undertaken to evaluate the impact of potential violations of MR assumptions. In addition, we utilized cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to analyze the differences in the prevalence of GD among participants with different levels of trace nutrient concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In terms of vitamins, IVW MR analysis revealed a suggestive relationship between each standard deviation decrease in vitamin D level and increased risk of GD (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.59, p = 0.0212). A nominally significant association was also noted for genetically predicted vitamin B-6 concentration and higher risk of GD (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.08-2.25, p = 0.0171). Genetically predicted concentrations of other vitamins level and 6 minerals levels were not in association with GD susceptibility. The causal estimates from other complementary MR approaches were consistent with these findings. Additionally, we found that participants from NHANES with vitamin D and vitamin B-6 deficiency had a higher prevalence of GD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides an obvious unidirectional causality of circulating vitamin B-6 and vitamin D with GD. Dietary supplementation with micronutrients may be a complement to classical therapies for preventing and treating GD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"34 3","pages":"420-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of GNRI and TyG index for poor prognosis in NSTE-ACS patients post-PCI.","authors":"Siliang Xia, Dandan Liu, Yun Liu, Xiaobing Zhang, Xiangming Zhang","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0018","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the predictive power of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for poor prognosis in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>A cohort of 393 NSTE-ACS patients who underwent PCI at the People's Hospital of Nanjing Jiangbei from 2016 to 2022 was analyzed. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization, served as the primary outcome. Relationships between GNRI, TyG index, and MACEs were explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regres-sion, with results presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The predictive value was further evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MACEs occurred in 34 patients. A TyG index ≥1.36 was associated with a significantly increased risk of MACEs (OR=5.07, 95%CI: 1.64-15.71), while a GNRI ≥108 indicated a decreased risk (OR=0.17, 95%CI: 0.04-0.68). These associations were consistent across various subgroups, including age, gender, and specific pre-existing conditions. The combined predictive value of TyG index and GNRI was higher than each alone (AUC=0.711, 95%CI: 0.642-0.779).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In post-PCI patients with NSTE-ACS, the TyG index and GNRI are significant predictors of MACEs, with the TyG index indicating higher risk and GNRI lower risk. Their combined use may enhance the predictive accuracy for MACEs in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"34 3","pages":"440-450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional status and its influencing factors of urban Chinese adults aged 40-69 years.","authors":"Wenjing Wang, Jing Shen, Qiongxi Lin, Yuebao Fu, Bin Lu, Songla Bai, Miao Zhang, Yunqing Yang, Jialu You, Rong Xiao, Yuandi Xi","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0014","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>To explore the nutritional challenges and its influencing factors of adults aged 40-69 living in Chinese cities.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 300 subjects from 29 cities in China. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic information, presence of chronic disease, and the use of nutritional supplements and fortified foods. 24-hour food intake was recorded using the Eat-Right Assistant, a validated digital service.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fiber (56.7%), calcium (66.3%) and selenium (67.0%) were the nutrients with the highest insufficient intake. The foods with the highest inadequate consumption were dairy products (91%), fruits (84.3%), tubers (76.3%), soybeans and nuts (70%), and whole grains (65%). Even though 95.7% of the study population showed medium-high level of dietary diversity, di-etary imbalance was present among 99% of the subjects. Higher socioeconomic status, passive health awareness, or the use of nutritional supplements or fortified foods showed positive influence on nutrient intake and dietary quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research provided insights into the dietary intake status and its influencing factors of 300 urban residents aged 40-69. The adult population still face a challenge of inadequate nutrient intake and imbalanced diet. In addition, this study supported the feasibility of using a digital service in research. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm current findings. This will help to clarify the unmet nutritional needs of adults in China and thus help to achieve healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"34 3","pages":"397-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of single vs. multiple FFQs in ranking nutrient intake among Japanese adults: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project.","authors":"Mako Ogino, Ribeka Takachi, Junko Ishihara, Shiori Sugawara, Yuchie Hoshina, Kumiko Kito, Misako Nakadate, Sachiko Maruya, Aoi Suzuki, Tomoka Matsuno, Taku Obara, Mami Ishikuro, Fumihiko Ueno, Aoi Noda, Misato Aizawa, Ippei Takahashi, Yudai Yonezawa, Takahiro Yamashita, Shigenori Suzuki, Keiko Murakami, Shinichi Kuriyama","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0019","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Repeating food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) within the same population was reported to improve the validity of correlation coefficient (CC). However, the enhancement of validity in ranking agreement remains underreported. Herein, we assessed the validity of energy and nutrient intake es-timates using single and multiple FFQs and their ability to rank individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>213 men and women aged ≥20 years were recruited from the residents participating in the Tohoku Medical Mega-bank Project (TMM) cohort studies; three FFQs were conducted in November each year from 2019 to 2021, with 12-day weighted food records (WFRs) as the reference method. Spearman's rank CCs were calculated between single or multiple FFQs estimates and those obtained through the 12-day WFR. Additionally, the ranking agreement was compared based on cross-classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CCs between intake estimated using a single FFQ and 12-day WFR were moderate for several nutrients, with median CCs of 0.52 for men and 0.48 for women. CCs for multiple FFQs were slightly higher than that of single FFQ, with median CCs of 0.59 for men and 0.56 for women. Regardless of the number of FFQs, the proportion of subjects classified into the opposite extreme category was ≤5% for most nutrients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single FFQ used for adults in the TMM cohort studies showed moderate validity. Estimates from multiple FFQs improved the accuracy slightly; nevertheless, this indicates that relying on a single FFQ is unlikely to result in a serious misclassifica-tion compared to using intake data from multiple FFQs over a relatively short period.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"34 3","pages":"451-468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and serum ferritin in patients with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Yirong Wang, Pingping Zhao, Yang Ting Zhao, Chongyang Chen, Xiaoyu Lv, Liting Wang, Jie Gao, Jingfang Liu","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0015","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>To investigate the correlation between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), a novel obesity index, and serum ferritin (SF) level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the association between WWI and the prevalence of hyperferritinemia.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>A total of 943 patients with T2DM were divided into three groups based on WWI tertile levels. Disparities in SF levels and the prevalence of hyperferritinemia were compared among these groups. The correlations among WWI, SF levels, and hyperferritinemia were analyzed in patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As WWI tertile levels increased, SF levels tended to increase (p for trend <0.01). A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the WWI and SF levels (R = 0.263, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders by multiple linear regression, a significant positive correlation was maintained between the WWI and SF levels [β = 0.194, 95% CI (49.914, 112.120)], p < 0.01]. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between the WWI and the likelihood of hyperferritinemia, with a notably stronger correlation observed in females compared to males [OR = 3.248, 95% CI (2.027, 5.204), p < 0.01 vs. OR = 2.091, 95% CI (1.432, 3.054), p < 0.01].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Along with increasing WWI, SF levels gradually increased in patients with T2DM. The WWI exhibited a positive correlation with SF levels and hyperferritinemia, more significantly in female patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"34 3","pages":"411-419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}