{"title":"With higher leverage comes greater responsibility? Excess leverage and corporate social responsibility in China: the moderating role of CEO characteristics","authors":"Guangyu Huang, Jinhua Li, Liqiong Shen","doi":"10.1007/s10490-025-10011-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10490-025-10011-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous studies have generally concluded that higher leverage inhibits firms from investing in corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, many excessively leveraged firms in China invest heavily in CSR, raising questions about whether this discrepancy arises from theoretical limitations or practical peculiarities. This study, grounded in China’s unique institutional context and the legitimacy perspective under institutional theory, aims to empirically investigate whether and when excess leverage affects CSR. Our goal is to provide a theoretical explanation for the unique phenomenon of China’s excess-leveraged firms investing substantially in CSR. We argue that excess leverage has a significant positive impact on CSR. This is because the adverse effects of excess leverage cause firms to lose legitimacy, which in turn drives firms to invest more in CSR, as CSR is an important legitimacy-regaining strategy. Moreover, we find that certain CEO characteristics—specifically, having a celebrity CEO, a party member CEO, or an ex-military CEO—exacerbate the legitimacy loss of excessively leveraged firms, thereby reinforcing the positive impact of excess leverage on CSR. Based on empirical tests on data from 2328 Chinese excess-leveraged listed firms from 2011 to 2021, we obtain empirical evidence in support of the above arguments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8474,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management","volume":"43 1","pages":"137 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147865659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siddharth Vedula, Markus Fitza, Anish Purkayastha, Florian Ellsaesser
{"title":"Under the spotlight: contextualizing the firm vs. industry debate through the introduction of neighborhood effects","authors":"Siddharth Vedula, Markus Fitza, Anish Purkayastha, Florian Ellsaesser","doi":"10.1007/s10490-025-10009-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10490-025-10009-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relative importance of firm and industry effects, contrasting resource-based and industrial organization theories, is often discussed in the strategy and international business literature. Several studies indicate that firm effects (i.e., variability in firm-specific internal resources) are the primary drivers of competitive differences between firms. Leveraging insights from several theoretical lenses such as location economics, relational strategy, and institutional theory, we argue that considering the micro-geographic locations (neighborhoods) of firms challenges two implicit but potentially unrealistic assumptions in the firm vs. industry effects academic debate: That (a) firm boundaries are clearly defined, and (b) industry effects are spatially homogenous. We argue that including a neighborhood and neighborhood-industry interaction effect is thus more appropriate to contextualize the classic firm vs. industry debate. We demonstrate that firm effects are much smaller than previously identified (e.g., dropping from 43.9 to 11.5%). Our results thus challenge conventional wisdom and established empirical findings, while adding nuance to the fundamental debate regarding the locus of competitive advantage of firms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8474,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management","volume":"43 1","pages":"239 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10490-025-10009-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147865658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protector or violator: Employees’ reactions to leader unethical pro-group behavior","authors":"Mo Chen, Iris D. Zhang, Ge Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10490-024-10006-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10490-024-10006-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In view of its paradoxical nature, we develop a theoretical model to explain employees’ cognitive and behavioral reactions to leader unethical pro-group behavior. Based on social information processing theory, we propose that, different from conventional wisdom on the influence of leader unethical behavior that is solely driven by self-interest, leader unethical pro-group behavior elicits simultaneous but conflicting cognitive interpretations: perceived group-protector (for protecting group interest) on the one hand, and perceived ethics-violator (for violating ethical norms) on the other. In turn, the group-protector perception promotes leader-directed helping behavior via employees’ trust in their leader, whereas the ethics-violator perception has the opposite effect. We further hypothesize that employees’ group-helping identity strengthens the mediating effect of perceived group-protector and that employees’ moral identity strengthens the mediating effect of perceived ethics-violator. The results of two studies conducted in China involving both experimental data and time-lagged field survey data offer support for our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8474,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management","volume":"43 1","pages":"473 - 502"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147865804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When shared leadership backfires in new venture teams: the roles of power struggles and functional background diversity","authors":"Hao Ji, Suqing Wu, Xiao-Yun Xie","doi":"10.1007/s10490-024-10008-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10490-024-10008-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While a substantial body of research on shared leadership demonstrates its benefits for new venture teams (NVTs), many real-world business cases suggest that it may raise the problem of power struggles. A few recent studies have challenged the long-standing assumption in the shared leadership literature that team members maintain interpersonal harmony during leadership transitions. However, the mechanisms through which shared leadership shapes power dynamics in NVTs, particularly in terms of competition over power among team members, remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether and when shared leadership leads to power struggles within NVTs, and whether such power struggles subsequently harm NVT performance. Drawing on the legitimacy of status hierarchy theory, we propose that the effect of shared leadership depends on the level of team functional background diversity. Specifically, we posit that shared leadership causes more power struggles when team functional background diversity is lower, which then leads to worse NVT performance. Results from a field survey with a sample of 72 NVTs from information technology incubators support our hypotheses. This study contributes to the research on shared leadership in the context of entrepreneurship and carries strong implications for the management of NVTs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8474,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management","volume":"43 1","pages":"113 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147865662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sali Li, Maximilian Stallkamp, Noman Shaheer, Liang Chen
{"title":"Multinational platforms and legitimacy spillovers","authors":"Sali Li, Maximilian Stallkamp, Noman Shaheer, Liang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10490-024-10004-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10490-024-10004-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multinational platforms (MNPs), such as TikTok, Grab, and Airbnb, are facing significant legitimacy challenges in foreign markets. While some of these challenges are similar to those experienced by conventional multinational enterprises (MNEs), the platform-based business models of MNPs, which create value primarily through networks of external users and complementors, rather than through hierarchically controlled foreign subsidiaries, lead to unique legitimacy challenges and open up novel strategies for overcoming them. We explore how MNPs can leverage legitimacy spillovers from their complementors to overcome legitimacy challenges and establish credibility in new markets. We propose that effective governance and strategic management of complementor relationships can significantly enhance MNPs’ legitimacy across diverse institutional contexts. Our findings contribute to the literature on digital platform internationalization, offering new insights and strategic tools for MNP managers to navigate the complex global landscape.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8474,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management","volume":"42 4","pages":"2151 - 2170"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10490-024-10004-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ashamed of conducting UPB: how ethical leadership influences employees’ reactions to prior UPB","authors":"Yirong Guo, Limei Chen, Tao Wang, Xiaojun Zhan","doi":"10.1007/s10490-024-09999-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10490-024-09999-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) is currently common among employees and has potential negative ramifications for society as a whole. Thus, such behavior has attracted increasing attention from organizational scholars. However, the effect of employees’ UPB on their counterproductive work behavior (CWB) has yet to be fully established. Based on the moral self-regulation perspective, in this study we developed and tested the effect of employees’ UPB on their subsequent CWB. We applied the experience sampling method using data from 62 insurance brokers and their leaders, collected from various time points and sources, and found that when their leaders demonstrated higher levels of ethical leadership, employees’ UPB was more likely to decrease their subsequent CWB by heightening their perception of a loss of moral credit and thus evoking feelings of shame. This effect became nonsignificant with a low level of ethical leadership. These findings have several theoretical and practical implications, and we suggest directions for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8474,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management","volume":"43 1","pages":"503 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147865805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two PHD principles in management scholarship","authors":"Yadong Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10490-024-10007-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10490-024-10007-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article reflects on the author’s academic journey, culminating in the AOM Hyundai Motor Eminent Scholar Award. Guided by two sets of PHD principles—Passion, Humility, Dedication and Purpose, Horizon, Diversity—the author underscores how these values shape our scholarly contributions. The NICE framework (Navigational, Insightful, Cooperative, and Engaged) is introduced to characterize impactful scholarship, advocating for a blend of theoretical rigor, collaborative engagement, and societal relevance. Emphasizing the evolving landscape of globalization, the article calls for international business and management scholars to address new challenges, such as fragmented geopolitics and the strategic reorientation of global businesses, to advance the field in today’s complex global environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8474,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management","volume":"42 1","pages":"9 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does corporate social responsibility reduce idiosyncratic risk? The contingent role of opportunity costs","authors":"Kui Wang, Ping Zhang, Junjia He, Chao Feng","doi":"10.1007/s10490-024-10005-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10490-024-10005-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The final judgment on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and idiosyncratic risk (IR, a key financial indicator) is yet to come. To resolve the contradictory findings of existing CSR–IR relationship studies, the study proposed a conceptual framework for the contingent role of opportunity cost in the relationship between CSR and IR. Using 23,019 firm-year observations of Chinese listed firms covering 3,193 firms, we discovered that CSR reduces IR. Moreover, we investigated the moderating effect of two crucial determinants on the opportunity cost of resource allocation: non-scale free resources and demand conditions. In particular, we found that firms with more non-scale free resources derive more IR-reduction benefits from CSR, while firms facing a high-demand product market gain less IR-reduction from CSR. Our results contribute to a greater comprehension of both the costs and benefits of CSR among scholars, managers, and investors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8474,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management","volume":"42 4","pages":"2225 - 2255"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How firm digitalization affects targeted poverty alleviation participation: a capability-based view","authors":"Daokang Luo, Kevin Zheng Zhou, Lu Shen","doi":"10.1007/s10490-024-10001-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10490-024-10001-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While firm digitalization has significantly shaped business conduct and performance, our understanding of how it affects firms’ engagement with social issues such as poverty alleviation remains underdeveloped. Drawing on information processing theory, we propose that digitalization empowers firms to undertake poverty alleviation responsibilities by enhancing their information processing capabilities. We further develop an integrative framework that highlights the synergetic effects between institutional pressures and firm capability portfolios. We argue that the positive impact of firm digitalization is stronger when institutional pressures are presented (i.e., government intervention and state ownership) and when firms possess complementary capabilities (i.e., innovation capability and operational flexibility). The results of our analysis of 2015–2020 panel data on Chinese listed firms provide strong support for our hypotheses. Overall, this study provides a capability-based view for the poverty alleviation research and informs policymakers a fresh new way to foster firms’ engagement in poverty alleviation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8474,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management","volume":"42 4","pages":"2171 - 2200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fostering team adaptivity under uncertain environment: comprehensive decision-making under paradoxical leadership","authors":"Wu Wei, Ying Zhou, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10490-024-09998-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10490-024-09998-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays, work teams are confronted with increasingly uncertain environments. The question, however, remains how teams can effectively navigate this uncertainty and thrive. Drawing upon social information processing theory, we propose that paradoxical leadership serves as a salient source of social information to enhance team decision comprehensiveness and ultimately, foster team adaptivity. We further posit that task uncertainty amplifies the effect of paradoxical leadership on team decision comprehensiveness and the indirect effect on team adaptivity. To test these hypotheses, we conducted two multi-wave and multisource field studies. The results supported all hypotheses. These findings offer important implications for both leadership literature and management practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8474,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Management","volume":"42 4","pages":"2427 - 2458"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}