Artificial organs最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Scalp EEG Recordings During Cortical Visual Prosthesis Testing.","authors":"Katarina Stephan, Philip R Troyk, Gislin Dagnelie, Stuart Cogan, Michael P Barry, Patricia Grant, Frank Lane, Janet P Szlyk, Maggie McNulty, Wim van Drongelen, Tuan H Pham, Kelsey L Stipp, Meesa Royster, Vernon L Towle","doi":"10.1111/aor.15023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aor.15023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This article highlights the value of recording scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) from two individuals with blindness who received intracortical visual stimulators to create artificial vision. Given the known risk of cortical stimulation inducing seizures, we recorded occipital scalp EEG as a safety precaution. Over a 3-year period, over 330 h of EEG data were collected.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five wireless floating microelectrode arrays (WFMAs), each containing 16 stimulating electrodes, were implanted in the right dorsolateral occipital cortex of the first participant, totaling 400 independently controlled stimulating electrodes. Similarly, 32 WFMAs were implanted in the second participant's cortex, totaling 512 electrodes. Phosphenes were characterized and mapped to align their locations in the visual field to create camera-driven imagery of the visual environment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scalp EEG recordings during intracortical stimulation provided early warning of impending epileptic activity, reducing the risk of stimulation-induced seizures. In two instances, seizures occurred during direct cortical stimulation and were visible in the scalp EEG recordings. Normal electrically evoked potentials (eEPs) were also evident in the EEG records.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Scalp EEG can be valuable to alert researchers to impending seizures. However, it is not required for conditions in which low levels of stimulation are employed.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical Trial Number NCT04634383.</p>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dorsal Genital Nerve Stimulation as an Adjunctive Therapy to Control Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity After Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Sean Doherty, Evangeline Martinez, Sarah Knight, Richard Nobrega, Lynsey Duffell","doi":"10.1111/aor.15026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes impairment to bladder function. As current management strategies are not fully effective, there remains a need for alternative or adjunctive management options. Dorsal genital nerve stimulation (DGNS) has been shown to effectively inhibit unwanted bladder contractions in people with SCI. However, the acceptance and beneficial effects of home-based DGNS have not yet been proven.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pilot trial investigated the feasibility and user acceptance of a novel DGNS device, UCon (InnoCon Medical, Denmark) when used at home by people with SCI for 8 weeks. Cystometry with and without DGNS was performed before and after the intervention. Outcome measures included 3-day bladder diaries (3DBD), quality of life, and user acceptance questionnaires, and a semi-structured interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten people with chronic SCI and neurogenic detrusor overactivity participated in the trial and used the device at home for 8 weeks. When tested at baseline, DGNS significantly increased maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) from 276 (125) to 394 (147) ml with DGNS applied (p < 0.001). After the 8-week intervention, no change in MCC without stimulation was noted. No change in bladder capacity or incontinence episodes was found from 3DBDs and quality of life was not significantly changed. User acceptance of the device was high, with some issues noted, particularly around device disconnection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results support the application of DGNS to increase bladder capacity after SCI, and user acceptance of home-based DGNS was high. This therapy should be studied in a larger subject group to prove the effectiveness of home-based DGNS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Evaluation of Interferential Current Stimulation for Functional Electrical Stimulation.","authors":"Rodrigo Osorio, Jack Edmondson, Siobhan Mackenzie Hall, Francisco Saavedra, Javier Sáez, Adrian Poulton, James FitzGerald, Pablo Aqueveque, Brian Andrews, Jonathan Jarvis","doi":"10.1111/aor.15027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interferential current stimulation (ICS) has long been employed in neuromodulation and physical therapy, yet its mechanisms and potential applications in functional electrical stimulation (FES) remain under-explored. We present new data, including neural activation reported by muscle force measurement, to evaluate the potential advantages of ICS, such as selective targeting and reduced discomfort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experiments were conducted on human participants, focusing on ulnar and median nerve activation with stainless steel and commercial conductive hydrogel electrodes. Key parameters, including electrode configuration, frequency, current amplitude, and skin preparation, were investigated to test their effects on activation thresholds, force generation, and user comfort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed that ICS can achieve proportional muscle force control, although its efficiency was lower than rectangular biphasic pulse stimulation. The application of moisturizing cream and gel significantly improved comfort and reduced activation thresholds, underscoring their importance in optimizing ICS protocols. However, ICS required higher electrical power and caused discomfort during burst initiation with all electrodes, presenting challenges for its practical use in FES. Furthermore, our findings indicated that ICS did not exclusively activate neural regions at the difference or \"beat\" frequency but also by the carrier frequency, challenging some prior assumptions in the literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight the need for further research and practical measurements of neural recruitment and muscle fatigue and into the mechanisms of nerve activation and neuromuscular junction transmission with stimulation via the skin surface. Innovations in electrode design, stimulation waveforms, and protocols are also needed to enhance the efficacy and comfort of ICS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcoming Meetings","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/aor.15020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":"49 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcoming Meetings","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/aor.15012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":"49 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Protocol for Long-Term Ex Vivo Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Rodent Livers.","authors":"Mark Ly, Daniel Babekuhl, Anita Niu, Paul Yousif, Chuanmin Wang, Ngee-Soon Lau, Mark D Gorrell, Geoffrey W McCaughan, Michael Crawford, Carlo Pulitano","doi":"10.1111/aor.15024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Long-term normothermic machine perfusion (LT-NMP) enables the assessment and optimization of livers for days and, potentially, weeks. However, models of LT-NMP have only been described for human and pig livers, which are resource intensive and impractical for laboratory research. Cost-effective small animal models of LT-NMP are needed for future research. This study aimed to develop a system for LT-NMP of rat livers for up to 72 h.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed in two stages: the development phase (n = 20) and validation phase (n = 5). The perfusion system included an organ reservoir, pump, heat exchanger, long-term oxygenator, and dialysis. Hormonal and nutritional support were continuously infused. During the validation phase, five consecutive grafts were perfused using our protocol. At 72 h postreperfusion, grafts were assessed for viability, which was based on hemodynamic stability, mitochondrial function, bile production, and metabolic activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rodent livers were supported up to 107 h using our LT-NMP protocol. All grafts in the validation phase remained viable at 72 h (n = 5/5). The median oxygen consumption and bile production at 72 h were 0.079 mLO₂/min/g-liver and 8.6 uL/h/g-liver, respectively. All grafts had a systemic vascular resistance less than 0.25 mmHg/mL/min. Metabolic activity, defined as lactate clearance, glucose production, or response to glucagon, was observed in all grafts (5/5).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to report LT-NMP of rodent livers up to 5 days. Using our protocol, rat livers could reliably be supported until 72 h. This model provides a greater opportunity to investigate novel therapeutics to assess, optimize, and regenerate liver grafts for transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regenerative Response 35 Days After Esophageal Replacement in a Porcine Model; Technical Difficulties and Attempts to Achieve Optimal Tissue Remodeling","authors":"A. Sandin,&nbsp;L. Jönsson,&nbsp;E. Jennische,&nbsp;M. Dellenmark Blom,&nbsp;L.-G. Friberg,&nbsp;V. Gatzinsky,&nbsp;O. Holmqvist,&nbsp;K. Abrahamsson","doi":"10.1111/aor.15006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aor.15006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In previous articles, a porcine model for bridging circumferential defects in the intrathoracic esophagus was developed. The aims of this present study were to evaluate the continued healing response after 35 days, avoid stent migration of the esophageal stent, and to investigate whether it would be beneficial to add new extracellular matrix (ECM) to the healing area after 20 days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Surgery was performed in twelve piglets, and five different types of stents were used. In two piglets, new ECM was added by endoscope to the area of healing after 20 days. After the animals were euthanized, the esophageal tissue was examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Histologic examination after 35 days showed clusters of desmin-positive smooth muscle cells and the sprouting of nerves in the area that was healing. Generally, there were fewer M1 classically activated macrophages in specimens after 35 days when we compared them with the 20-day study. The CD 163 positive macrophages (M2-macrophages) were seen in all specimens.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four piglets did not survive to the end of the study period because of adverse events. Out of the eight piglets that were euthanized after 34 to 35 days, six had stents that had migrated to the stomach. Only in two piglets, who had large rilled stents, did the stents remain in place throughout the study period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After 35 days, the area of healing did not show more signs of regenerative healing than the 20 days study.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A procedure to add a new biomatrix by re-stenting endoscopically after 20 days was performed on two pigs. The procedure was feasible, but due to limb pain in the animals, they had to be euthanized prior to the plan, which prevented the evaluation of the effect on the regenerative response.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The regenerative healing that was started needs to be further orchestrated in other ways to produce a more functional outcome with time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":"49 8","pages":"1288-1297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aor.15006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Naturalistic Speech With Brain-Computer Interface","authors":"Aakash M. Shah","doi":"10.1111/aor.15021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aor.15021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Novel speech brain-computer interface poses the ability to decode detected neural signals in nearly real time. This decreases brain-to-voice latency and has the opportunity to restore naturalistic communication.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03698149</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":"49 7","pages":"1087-1088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progress in Artificial Organs","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/aor.15022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aor.15022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":"49 7","pages":"1085-1086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity and Extracellular Water Expansion in Hemodialysis Patients.","authors":"Roohi Chhabra, Andrew Davenport","doi":"10.1111/aor.15015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measurement of arterial stiffness, is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients. Debate continues as to whether PWV is increased by volume overload. As such, we reviewed the association between volume overload and PWV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured aortic PWV (aPWV) in hemodialysis patients attending routine dialysis sessions with contemporaneous measurements of extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) ratios using multifrequency bioimpedance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 102 patients, 63.7% male, mean age 63.5 ± 15.9 years, 44.1% diabetic, median dialysis duration 22.2 (4.9-52.8) months, weight 73.7 ± 15.8 kg, and central systolic blood pressure 157 ± 35 mmHg had a mean aPWV of 10.1 ± 2.5 m/s. Patients dialyzed with a low dialysate calcium (median 1.0 [1.0-1.25] mmol/L). Patients with aPWV of ≥ 10 m/s were older (72.9 ± 10.3 vs. 52.6 ± 14.4 years, p < 0.01) with a higher ECW/TBW ratio (40.6 ± 1.3 vs. 39.6 ± 1.7, p < 0.001), with no differences in active vitamin D₃ or calcium-containing medications. Aortic PWV was associated with age (r = 0.9, p < 0.001) and ECW/TBW (r = 0.33, p = < 0.001), and after adjusting aPWV for age, ECW/TBW remained higher (40.5 ± 1.5 vs. 39.5 ± 1.5, p < 0.001). On multivariable testing, ECW/TBW remained independently associated with a raised aPWV (odds ratio [OR] 1.59 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.06-2.41), p = 0.026), and after age adjustment (OR 1.74 (95% CI 1.19-2.53, p = 0.004)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the association between volume overload, as determined by bioimpedance in hemodialysis patients, and arterial stiffness measured by aPWV. These results would reinforce the importance of improving volume control in hemodialysis patients to reduce cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}