{"title":"Recent Progress in Artificial Organs.","authors":"Aakash M Shah, John A Treffalls, Brian E Woolley","doi":"10.1111/aor.15058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanfei Zhu, Shangting Wang, Yuan Liu, Junwen Yu, Ming Yang
{"title":"The Impact of Transient Control Performance of Pulsatile Flow on Hemolysis and Coagulation in Ex Vivo Heart Perfusion.","authors":"Yuanfei Zhu, Shangting Wang, Yuan Liu, Junwen Yu, Ming Yang","doi":"10.1111/aor.15051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ex vivo heart perfusion (EVHP) is a promising approach for preserving donor hearts in a near-physiological state. However, the perfusion pressure and flow require adjustment to meet the requirements of aerobic metabolism, which may cause hemolysis and coagulation, consequently impairing myocardial function. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of transient control performance of pulsatile flow on hemolysis and coagulation in EVHP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fresh porcine blood was circulated for 4 h in a mock loop equipped with a pulsatile pump and a self-designed compliant chamber, operating under conditions of a mean flow rate of 1 L/min and a mean pressure of 75 mmHg. Two typical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control responses (underdamped response and overdamped response) were implemented to compare the impact of transient performance on hemolysis and coagulation. Blood samples were collected from the in vitro loop and analyzed for plasma free hemoglobin (PfHb), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and P-selectin levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experimental results demonstrated that the transient control performance of pulsatile flow had a significant impact on hemolysis and coagulation as circulation time increased. Compared to the overdamped response, the underdamped response resulted in more hemolysis and a higher risk of thrombosis. However, both the overdamped response and the underdamped response exhibited comparable levels of platelet activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the control process of EVHP, frequent adjustments of perfusion pressure and flow should be minimized. Additionally, oscillations and overshoots in transient responses should be avoided to reduce hemolysis and thrombosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vascularized Human Organoids Model Early Development and Support Therapeutic Design.","authors":"Brian E Woolley","doi":"10.1111/aor.15057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-assembled, vascularized heart and liver organoids have been developed that mimic early human development and support functional vascular architecture. This platform provides a scalable foundation for mechanistic studies and future regenerative medicine applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuanbo Xu, Huajiang Liu, Jiantao She, Tao Xu, Yuan Zhou, Xuebo Yan, Tiangang Li, Bin Dai
{"title":"Comparison of the Construction Methods of Parathyroid Organoids and Functional Influence of Calcium on Organoids.","authors":"Chuanbo Xu, Huajiang Liu, Jiantao She, Tao Xu, Yuan Zhou, Xuebo Yan, Tiangang Li, Bin Dai","doi":"10.1111/aor.15048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the more suitable method for constructing parathyroid organoids.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Parathyroid organoids were established using two different culture conditions, and organoid morphology and ATP activity were assessed to evaluate their performance. Organoid identity and function were confirmed by STR profiling, histology, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Organoids were further treated with different calcium concentrations, and changes in morphology, ATP activity, intracellular calcium, CaSR expression, and PTH secretion were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Organoids cultured in VEGF-121- and angiotensin-negative medium showed no noticeable morphological change from Day 1 to Day 3, and ATP activity declined over the same period. In contrast, organoids in VEGF-121+ and angiotensin-positive medium exhibited increased number and ATP activity over the same period. These organoids shared the same mutation profile and structural features as the original tissues and expressed PTH, GCM2, CaSR, and CHGA. PTH secretion remained stable across passages. Low calcium had minimal impact on morphology, viability, and PTH release but reduced intracellular calcium levels and CaSR expression. High calcium promoted ATP activity and elevated intracellular calcium, while suppressing PTH secretion and upregulating CaSR expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VEGF-121+ and angiotensin-positive medium better supported the generation and maintenance of functional parathyroid organoids. This provides an in vitro model for further investigation into parathyroid-related signaling and applications in regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhayananth Kanagarajan, Clayton Semenzin, Silver Heinsar, Van Thanh Dau, Jo P Pauls, Geoffrey D Tansley, John F Fraser
{"title":"Visualizing Flow Dynamics in a Human Aorta During Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Treatment Through Particle Image Velocimetry Study.","authors":"Dhayananth Kanagarajan, Clayton Semenzin, Silver Heinsar, Van Thanh Dau, Jo P Pauls, Geoffrey D Tansley, John F Fraser","doi":"10.1111/aor.15040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To build a mock circulatory loop to simulate veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) haemodynamics using a patient-specific silicone aortic phantom and compare the flow dynamics for continuous and pulsatile ECMO settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A silicone model of a human aorta with major branches was fabricated and the left iliac artery was cannulated using a Xenios ECMO device to simulate a peripheral V-A ECMO configuration. The left ventricular outflows at the aortic root were simulated using a piston pump. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments were conducted to measure flow velocities along the aortic phantom for a severe heart failure condition (LV = 1 L/min) supported by ECMO (4 L/min) at a heart rate of 80 bpm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing all ECMO support modes, counter pulse ECMO mode exhibited higher velocities during both peak systolic and mid-diastolic phases. This shows that the LV and ECMO device supplied fluid into the aorta with less flow resistance, whereas other modes exhibited higher flow resistance due to the flow collision of antegrade LV and retrograde ECMO flow in the aorta.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pulsatile flow ECMO with better placement of ECMO pulse delivery in the cardiac cycle could develop greater pulsatility into the aorta, which is crucial for transferring haemodynamic energy and reducing cardiac afterload.</p>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dobutamine Use in Patients With Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Secondary Analysis of the SAVE-J II Study.","authors":"Tasuku Hada, Toru Hifumi, Hiromu Okano, Kasumi Shirasaki, Shutaro Isokawa, Akihiko Inoue, Tetsuya Sakamoto, Yasuhiro Kuroda, Norio Otani","doi":"10.1111/aor.15055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effects of dobutamine on outcomes in patients experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between dobutamine use within 24 h and clinical outcomes in patients with OHCA who underwent ECPR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A post hoc analysis was conducted on the registry data from the SAVE-J II study (2013-2018). To address potential confounding variables related to dobutamine administration, 1:3 propensity score matching was employed using the patients' baseline characteristics. Following the matching, the dobutamine and non-dobutamine groups were compared, focusing on in-hospital mortality and neurological outcomes assessed using the cerebral performance category (CPC) scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2157 registered cases, 581 cases of cardiogenic OHCA treated with targeted temperature management were included in this analysis. Eighty-eight patients who received dobutamine were compared with 264 who did not after propensity score matching. The in-hospital mortality rate was 60.2% in the dobutamine group, compared with 58.3% in the non-dobutamine group (p = 0.80). The proportion of patients with a CPC score of 3-5 at hospital discharge was 79.5% in the dobutamine group, compared with 78.0% in the non-dobutamine group (p = 0.88). A Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated no significant differences in survival rates between the two groups (42.1 vs. 43.6%, log-rank p = 0.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with OHCA who underwent ECPR, dobutamine administration within 24 h was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality and neurological outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maheswaran Pitchaimuthu, Carol Crochet, Narendra R Battula, Isabella Faria, Paulo N Martins
{"title":"Reply to Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Maheswaran Pitchaimuthu, Carol Crochet, Narendra R Battula, Isabella Faria, Paulo N Martins","doi":"10.1111/aor.15054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seitaro Kosaka, Urgyen Wangmo, Zoya Butt, Apeksha Dave, Kevin B Hayes, Alia Mohsin Choudhry, Sameer A Khan, Michelle Ngo, Hannah R Weisman, Rachel S White, Maria F Varela, Daisy C Herrera Cruz, Dan Crompton, Marcus G Davey, Alan W Flake
{"title":"Evaluation of Gas Exchange and Hemocompatibility of an Experimental Oxygenator at Anticipated Human Fetal Flow Rates in Fetal Lambs Using a Dual Oxygenator Platform in the EXTra-Uterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) System.","authors":"Seitaro Kosaka, Urgyen Wangmo, Zoya Butt, Apeksha Dave, Kevin B Hayes, Alia Mohsin Choudhry, Sameer A Khan, Michelle Ngo, Hannah R Weisman, Rachel S White, Maria F Varela, Daisy C Herrera Cruz, Dan Crompton, Marcus G Davey, Alan W Flake","doi":"10.1111/aor.15049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We previously reported the EXTEND (EXTra-uterine Environment for Neonatal Development) system provides physiologic support of fetal lambs (105-111 days gestational age; GA) via a pumpless arteriovenous circuit using a commercially available oxygenator (Maquet-Ox). However, for anticipated human subjects at 23-28 weeks of GA, a smaller oxygenator is required. To meet this requirement, a proprietary oxygenator (Experimental Oxygenator: Exp-Ox) was developed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen lambs (mean GA 99 days, mean weight at cannulation 1.36 kg) were placed on the EXTEND system. Thereafter, Exp-Ox was connected in parallel with the Maquet-Ox, and its durability and hemocompatibility were assessed over a prolonged use of up to 21 days, utilizing a dual oxygenator platform. Blood flow to Exp-Ox was increased over time using a tubing clamp to maintain the anticipated human fetal flow rates (50-165 mL/min).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Throughout the study, there was no deterioration in the oxygen and CO<sub>2</sub> exchange function. The pressure drop in the Exp-Ox remained unchanged over time, with no statistically significant difference, whereas the calculated Exp-Ox resistance (pressure drop/blood flow) decreased since the change in pressure drop increased at a slower rate than the increase in blood flow. The quantitative clot burden in the Exp-Ox following completion of the study ranged from 0.03% to 2.55%, with no correlation to study duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrated the Exp-Ox maintained its ability to transfer oxygen and CO2 and sustained hemocompatibility for up to 21 days at anticipated fetal flow rates on the EXTEND system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alix Mackowiak, Antoine Bouquegneau, Bernard Dubois, Elodie Grifnée, Justine Demeuse, Caroline Le Goff, Mathias Loberg Haarhaus, Per Magnusson, Hanne Skou Jørgensen, Pieter Evenepoel, Pierre Delanaye, Etienne Cavalier
{"title":"Changes in Bone Turnover Markers Associated With a Single Dialysis Session.","authors":"Alix Mackowiak, Antoine Bouquegneau, Bernard Dubois, Elodie Grifnée, Justine Demeuse, Caroline Le Goff, Mathias Loberg Haarhaus, Per Magnusson, Hanne Skou Jørgensen, Pieter Evenepoel, Pierre Delanaye, Etienne Cavalier","doi":"10.1111/aor.15053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.15053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism, increasing fracture risk, particularly in advanced stages. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) such as bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b), as well as collagen-derived markers including intact form of procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (iPINP) and β-cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX-I), are recommended to assess bone turnover. Although some BTMs are considered stable and independent of renal function, their behavior during dialysis sessions remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To assess the impact of dialysis techniques and membrane types, serum samples were collected pre- and post-dialysis. BTM concentrations were analyzed using nonparametric statistics, and the clinical relevance of the observed changes was evaluated using the least significant change (LSC) thresholds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BALP and TRACP5b showed minor fluctuations post-dialysis, with changes remaining below their clinical significance thresholds. iPINP also showed limited variability. In contrast, β-CTX-I decreased significantly after hemodialysis, especially using high-permeability membranes, with changes exceeding the LSC threshold.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that BALP, TRACP5b, and PINP demonstrate robustness as BTMs in CKD patients undergoing dialysis. However, β-CTX-I is markedly affected by dialysis parameters and should be interpreted cautiously in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":8450,"journal":{"name":"Artificial organs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}