Word & world最新文献_第6页

Plurilingüismo como política sociolingüística en tiempos de diversificación de lenguas oficiales 官方语言多样化时代的多语言主义作为社会语言政策

Word & world Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2021.1882065

Teofilo Laime Ajacopa

{"title":"Plurilingüismo como política sociolingüística en tiempos de diversificación de lenguas oficiales","authors":"Teofilo Laime Ajacopa","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1882065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1882065","url":null,"abstract":"El siglo XX se ha caracterizado por la política asimilacionista de las lenguas indígenas. Ellas fueron parte de un modelo de bilingüismo de transición hacia el castellano u otro idioma dominante. En tal sentido, los hablantes nativos de una lengua indígena se han convertido en bilingües con castellano en muchos países de América Latina mediante políticas y prácticas educativas formales, tanto en las escuelas como en las universidades. Esto se debe a la discriminación social que ha existido hacia las lenguas calificadas como “vernáculas” y a la sobrevaloración del castellano. Este hecho diglósico produjo el desplazamiento semántico de varios términos aymaras cuando fueron usados por castellano-hablantes en contextos urbanos. En cambio, el siglo XXI se diferencia por la revalorización de los idiomas indígenas en el discurso y de alguna manera en la práctica. La diversidad lingüística compuesta por idiomas indígenas llevó a algunos países a reconocer política y jurídicamente a estas lenguas como comunidades lingüísticas acorde al principio de territorialidad. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar los idiomas aymara y quechua en el contexto cambiante de diglosia y societoglosia a plurilingüismo en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. Denominamos plurilingüismo al reconocimiento de la diversidad lingüística en un mismo territorio.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"34 1","pages":"82 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91238029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Which Pluricentrism? Tensions and Conflicts on the Construction of the Spanish and Portuguese International Linguistic Space Pluricentrism ?西班牙语与葡萄牙语国际语言空间建构的张力与冲突

Word & world Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2021.1879353

Xoán Carlos Lagares

{"title":"Which Pluricentrism? Tensions and Conflicts on the Construction of the Spanish and Portuguese International Linguistic Space","authors":"Xoán Carlos Lagares","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1879353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1879353","url":null,"abstract":"Pluricentrism presupposes the existence of several territories under the influence of different linguistic usage norms. From a glottopolitical perspective, focused on the conflicts and tensions involved in the control and understanding of the language as a social object, the normative dynamics of Spanish and Portuguese are compared, paying attention to the differences in the colonizing processes undertaken by Spain and Portugal and the ways in which the international spaces of both languages were constituted. According to its specific characteristics, the international space of Spanish has been defined in this work as a “mixed pluricentrism” and that of Portuguese as an “unequal bicentrism.” The differences in the constitution of linguistic markets in both languages allow us to understand their conflicting social representations, such as “united” or “divided” languages, as well as political and ideological initiatives to build a notion of an international language. The political tensions over the establishment of the standard norm also depend on the differences in the participation of normative agents, linked to academies of the language in the case of Spanish, but not in the case of Portuguese, and to the establishment of diverse negotiating forums.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"48 1","pages":"60 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85295979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Digital (De)territorialization of Ladino in the Twenty-First Century 21世纪拉迪诺语的数字化(非)属地化

Word & world Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2021.1880065

Carlos Yebra López

{"title":"The Digital (De)territorialization of Ladino in the Twenty-First Century","authors":"Carlos Yebra López","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1880065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1880065","url":null,"abstract":"Since the nineteenth century, the global diasporic community of Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) speakers has enjoyed a number of opportunities to reclaim a territory for itself (Spain, Portugal, Israel). Devoid of a specific geographical home, in the twenty-first century this community has resorted to the creation of Sephardi online communities, also conceptualized as “Digital Home-Lands” following Held (2010). Drawing upon Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of “territory” (1980), I argue first, that the survival of Ladino in the twenty-first century is predicated upon the successful implementation of Digital Home-Lands that reterritorialize the nomadic Sephardi nation on the very deterritorialization of its Western State and language ascription. Second, that the proliferation of Sephardi online communities in the second decade of the twenty-first century, requires us to revisit the concept of “Digital Home-Lands” in two interrelated areas: (i) multimodal and multiliterate digital spaces, and (ii) new digital solutions to advance the learning and preservation of Ladino worldwide, particularly across generations. Third, in light of the significance of these recent developments, I conclude with the suggestion that we distinguish between basic Sephardi online communities, on the one hand, and enhanced Sephardi Digital Home-Lands, on the other.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"10 1","pages":"94 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75006342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Iniciativas glotopolíticas de comunidades inmigrantes. El caso argentino 移民社区的全球政治倡议。阿根廷案例

Word & world Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2021.1876588

Roberto Bein

{"title":"Iniciativas glotopolíticas de comunidades inmigrantes. El caso argentino","authors":"Roberto Bein","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1876588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1876588","url":null,"abstract":"Tras discutir la noción meramente geográfica de ámbitos de uso de las distintas lenguas o variedades conforme a Lluís Aracil y Joshua Fishman, analizaremos de qué manera no solo la distribución territorial sino otros hechos, entre los que se destacan las iniciativas glotopolíticas, contribuyen al mantenimiento o al abandono de las lenguas en el caso de las comunidades inmigrantes. Para ello procuraremos mostrar de qué manera inciden en estas iniciativas cuatro de los factores posteriores a la inmigración según los postula la llamada lingüística de las migraciones: el grado de proximidad entre la lengua de origen y la del país receptor, las circunstancias sociales y demográficas (inserción laboral, asentamiento rural o urbano, contacto con el país de origen), las representaciones colectivas valorativas de las lenguas y variedades y las políticas lingüísticas del país receptor y también, en algunos casos, de los países de origen. Trazaremos luego un recorrido histórico de los factores comunitarios correspondientes a cinco lenguas extranjeras que se enseñan tanto en las escuelas privadas como en las públicas en la Argentina. Su análisis nos permitirá establecer el peso relativo de los factores y también su interacción con posiciones políticas e ideológicas.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"2 4 1","pages":"38 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88014357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Las gramáticas y los recortes territoriales en la construcción de los Estados nacionales 民族国家建设中的语法和领土削减

Word & world Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2021.1878579

E. N. de Arnoux

{"title":"Las gramáticas y los recortes territoriales en la construcción de los Estados nacionales","authors":"E. N. de Arnoux","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1878579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1878579","url":null,"abstract":"En el proceso de formación y consolidación de los Estados nacionales, las gramáticas han intervenido construyendo las representaciones de lengua común del Estado, marcando las fronteras entre lo admitido y lo rechazado. Asimismo, han incidido sobre las subjetividades nacionales facilitando el reconocimiento, desde la lengua, de lo que integra la nación y de lo que queda fuera de ella. En este artículo, nos referimos, primero, a la relación de la lengua con el territorio en la etapa que consideramos y su diferencia con la de globalización. Abordamos, luego, la importancia de los instrumentos lingüísticos en la afirmación de una lengua nacional. En tercer lugar, atendemos a las relaciones entre lengua y territorio en gramáticas de Estado y particulares del ámbito hispánico, y focalizamos en cómo la representación del Estado se dibuja en el texto y determina las opciones teóricas en la gramática nacional más reconocida del siglo XIX, la de Andrés Bello. Finalmente, nos detenemos en la presencia masiva de inmigrantes en la sociedad argentina desde fines del siglo XIX, que llevó a discutir la representación de lengua nacional y a tomar decisiones respecto de la enseñanza en la escuela, uno de cuyos instrumentos privilegiados fueron las gramáticas escolares.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"13 1","pages":"18 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77047180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Lexicography of State/Change of State Polysemy in Paraguayan Guarani 巴拉圭瓜拉尼语的国家词汇编纂/国家一词多义的变化

Word & world Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2020.1827725

Martín Califa

{"title":"The Lexicography of State/Change of State Polysemy in Paraguayan Guarani","authors":"Martín Califa","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1827725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1827725","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the lexicographic representation of state (S)/change of state (CS) polysemy of Paraguayan Guarani predicates as -pochy ‘be angry/become angry.’ To do this, a survey was conducted of seven dictionaries looking at the treatment of a sample of 20 polysemous predicates of different semantic classes. This involved asking whether, to what extent, and how the pattern is represented. A polysemy-oriented and a dictionary-oriented perspective were considered for the analysis. It was found that the pattern is rather underrepresented, with important differences across the semantic classes, the individual predicates, and the dictionaries. Dependent condition predicates have their S and CS senses recorded more frequently than independent condition predicates. Where this is not the case, the former are generally presented as CS and the latter as S. Some dictionaries provide the two senses most of the time, while others rarely do. When the two meanings are represented, there is substantial variation across the dictionaries as to the procedure they follow, differing in the direction, number of entries, and section where they are shown, and the definition strategy employed. Finally, a bias towards the typological characteristics of Spanish was conjectured to underlie some features of the lexicographic treatment of the phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"123 1","pages":"317 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91158731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dictionarization and Lexical Variation in Dictionaries of Spanish Neologisms 《西班牙语新词词典》的词典化与词汇变异

Word & world Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2020.1827701

Andreína Adelstein, Victoria de los Ángeles Boschiroli

{"title":"Dictionarization and Lexical Variation in Dictionaries of Spanish Neologisms","authors":"Andreína Adelstein, Victoria de los Ángeles Boschiroli","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1827701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1827701","url":null,"abstract":"Dictionaries of neologisms are quite complex to characterize; furthermore, there is little discussion on this issue in the literature and hardly any theoretical reflection on it. In this paper we claim that the specific nature of this kind of dictionaries lies, in part, in the peculiar character of the concept of neologism itself, and in part in the problems involved in lexicographic typologization in general, and of dictionaries of pluricentric languages in particular. We describe dictionaries of neologisms from three points of view: as ‘transition’ devices, ‘remedial’ devices, and documents. The aim of this article is to show how Spanish dialectal variation is represented in dictionaries of neologisms that were published since 2008. The main focus of our analysis is the Antenario. Diccionario en línea de neologismos de las variedades del español (http://www.antenario.wordpress.com), designed and written by the Antenas Neológicas Network (https://www.upf.edu/web/antenas). Our discussion is focused on how the pluricentric nature of Spanish impacts on the representation of varieties in the Antenario, which to date is the only dictionary that explicitly sets out to capture this phenomenon. We consider two of the structures of the dictionary: the macrostructure or headword list and the microstructure or structure of the entry.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"79 1","pages":"292 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73670852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“You Have to Be Against Bilingualism!” Sociolinguistic Theory and Controversies Over Bilingualism in Catalonia “你必须反对双语!”加泰罗尼亚双语社会语言学理论与争议

Word & world Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2020.1827501

K. Woolard

引用次数: 2

Language and Territory – Part I 语言和领土-第一部分

Word & world Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2020.1836896

Cecilia Magadán, Florencia Rizzo, J. Kleifgen

引用次数: 0

Derechos lingüísticos y lenguas originarias: una mirada crítica desde América Latina 语言权利与原始语言:拉丁美洲的批判视角

Word & world Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2020.1815946

Virginia Zavala

{"title":"Derechos lingüísticos y lenguas originarias: una mirada crítica desde América Latina","authors":"Virginia Zavala","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1815946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1815946","url":null,"abstract":"En este artículo, discuto el paradigma de los derechos lingüísticos a la luz de la situación de las lenguas originarias en el contexto actual de América Latina. Sobre la base de mi investigación etnográfica en el Perú con jóvenes difusores del quechua en zonas urbanas, propongo repensar cinco problemáticas que se derivan del enfoque de derechos: 1) El vínculo entre lengua y territorio, 2) El vínculo entre lengua, cultura e identidad, 3) El derecho a la lengua como desligado del derecho a la justicia social (y económica), 4) La visibilización de los conflictos entre lenguas y la invisibilización de aquellos que se desarrollan intralenguas, y 5) la evaluación de los hablantes a partir de su dominio en ‘una lengua’ y no ‘en lengua’. El objetivo del artículo no es condenar el paradigma de los derechos, sino complejizarlo sobre la base de la situación actual de las lenguas originarias y los recientes desarrollos de la sociolingüística crítica contemporánea. En el mundo de hoy, el razonamiento abstracto y deshistorizador del paradigma de los derechos lingüísticos no parece estar contribuyendo al desarrollo de las lenguas minorizadas, ni (menos aún) a la emancipación de aquellos a los que supuestamente beneficia.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"1 1","pages":"341 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78512305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4