Word & world最新文献

{"title":"Gemination: Weight or Length? Evidence from Rural Jordanian Arabic","authors":"Mutasim Al-Deaibes","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1909841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1909841","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to evaluate how the implementation of geminates in Rural Jordanian Arabic (RJA) differs from that of clusters and by doing so, provided evidence for a prosodic weight. Geminates are represented and viewed controversially either as prosodic length (skeletal tier) or as prosodic weight (Moraic Theory) in the current theories of phonology. In this study, I argue that the geminate-singleton contrast word-medially and word-finally is better accounted for in terms of prosodic weight, within Moraic Theory, based on moraic weight, than to be represented in terms of prosodic length as timing units. This observation is based on two pieces of evidence from RJA. The first is that consonant clusters word-finally in RJA are not permissible and are usually broken up by an epenthetic vowel, while geminate consonants are permissible. Second, the attraction of stress onto the syllable that has a geminate consonant, whether word-medially or word-finally, is consistent with the weight representation; primary stress typically falls on the rightmost bimoraic syllable. Therefore, it will be more appropriate to account for this phenomenon under Moraic Theory and to view long segments as weight-bearing, and not as prosodic length/timing units.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"12 1","pages":"159 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81471333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systemic Functional Sketch of Material Clauses in Sundanese","authors":"L. A. Bangga, Y. Doran","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1909840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1909840","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the experiential grammar of Sundanese from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) by focusing on material clauses within the system of transitivity. The description takes a fable as its point of departure in order to map out the grammar of material clauses in detail. It considers material clauses in relation to both their structural configurations and systemic options so as to develop a description that can engage with larger text patterns. Among other things, this paper explores the grammar of voice, which involves affixation and nasalization in relation to larger clausal patterns, as well as a wide range of options for benefactive clauses. As such, this paper takes a first step towards a discourse-oriented description of Sundanese from the perspective of SFL that contributes to both the growing field of SFL language description and typology, and the expanding interest in SFL educational programs in Sundanese speaking areas.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"52 1","pages":"208 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85868960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language Acquisition and the Multilingual Ideal – Exploring Japanese Language Learning Motivation","authors":"Alice Cunha de Freitas","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1912265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1912265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"5 1","pages":"241 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86564185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Syntax of ʔanna and ʔan in Modern Standard Arabic: A Phase-based Approach","authors":"Haroon N. Alsager, Mohammad Mahzari","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1909842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1909842","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to identify the syntactic motivation and problems of the associations of the complementizers ʔanna and ʔan with word order and case marking in Modern Standard Arabic (henceforth MSA) with reference to the Minimalist Program (MP), the updated version of MP Phase Theory, and the split CP hypothesis of Rizzi (1997. “The Fine Structure of the Left Periphery.” In Elements of Grammar, edited by Liliane Haegeman, 281–337. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2001. “On the Position ‘Int(Errogative)’ in the Left Periphery of the Clause.” In Current Studies in Italian Syntax, edited by Guglielmo Cinque, and Giampaolo Salvi, 287–296. Amsterdam: Elsevier). The clause following ʔanna must take SVO word order, while ʔan requires VSO word order. This study analyzes not only the syntactic motivation for the word order governed by ʔanna and ʔan but also related syntactic [issues and reasons for ʔanna and ʔan complementizers in both SVO and VSO word order] based on a minimalist approach and Rizzi's approach, especially for the problem of double case marking; a generative approach is needed to solve certain syntactic problems (e.g., assigning accusative case and subjunctive mood). Finally, this study argues that in MSA, ʔan sits in a non-phasal phrase, whereas ʔanna occurs in ʔannaP and FinitenessP (FinP). Furthermore, case marking assignment is based on ECM for ʔanna and on locality for ʔan.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"78 1","pages":"172 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83196447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Writing in the Sciences and Humanities: A Clause-Complex Perspective","authors":"Ping Alvin Leong","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1909866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1909866","url":null,"abstract":"Stereotypes concerning writing in the sciences and the humanities suggest that they are two distinct varieties. However, corpus-based studies comparing their language features are limited. This present study addresses this research gap by focusing on the distribution of clauses and inter-clausal relationships using Michael Halliday’s framework of clause complexing. The corpus comprised 40 articles from the sciences and the humanities. The clauses in the articles were analyzed along two dimensions – the systems of taxis and logico-semantics. The findings revealed that the distribution of independent and dependent clauses in both varieties was the same. The scientific articles in the corpus, however, favored the use of simplexes and paratactic extensions. By contrast, the humanities articles had more extensive use of embedded clauses and projections. The results suggest that scientific writing has a simpler clause structure than writing in the humanities, but differences in certain tactic and logico-semantic relations reflect discipline-specific variations. Further work requires these findings to be more extensively tested using a wider range of disciplines. Expanded, comparative work to include the social sciences is also needed to shed further light on how clauses are typically used in different discipline groups.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"76 1","pages":"137 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78415798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Variations in English: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Challenges","authors":"M. Saraceni","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1912264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1912264","url":null,"abstract":"This new volume exploring functional variations of English is the latest – but most certainly not the last – scholarly effort contributing to our understanding of the ways in which English is used in different contexts worldwide and the implications that these uses have in various social domains. As this is also my own area of academic interest, I am immediately drawn to any book dealing with this topic. The first question that drives my curiosity is: “what will I learn that is new, fresh and exciting?”And this is precisely the spirit with which I approached the present volume. As Ravinder Gargesh (to whom the volume is dedicated) reminds us in his foreword, this broad topic has been an active area of research for decades. Consequently, the quest for new perspectives and insights becomes simultaneously more arduous but also more intriguing. In this case, the novelty of the volume is, according to Nobuyuki Honna, evident:","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"3 1","pages":"237 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85302842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translations of Representations of Moving and Saying from English into Spanish","authors":"C. Matthiessen, Jorge Arús-Hita, K. Teruya","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1909843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1909843","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a systemic-functional contrastive analysis of an original English text – a chapter, ‘The Land of Shadow’ from J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings – and its Spanish translation, ‘El País de la Sombra’, focusing on the shifts in translation of representations of motion and of saying. These two realms of experience provide an interesting contrast in terms of experiential complexity, as more transitivity parameters are expected to be involved in construing human experience of motion through three-dimensional space than of speech events. From this we can predict (a) that there will be greater differences in the translation of representations of motion than in the translation of representations of saying, and (b) that the differences in the representation of motion will largely reflect the systemic differences between two languages. Our analysis demonstrates that translation shifts in the area of verbs of saying are relatively insignificant whereas the translation of representations of motion extends over the scale from no shift to considerable shift, depending on the extent to which the systems of English and Spanish differ in their modeling of the experience of motion through space and that there tend to be shifts where systemic differences necessitate such shifts.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"7 1","pages":"188 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81823218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lao She’s Teahouse and Its Two English Translations: Exploring Chinese Drama Translation with Systemic Functional Linguistics","authors":"Nan-nan Li","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1912263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1912263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"23 1","pages":"234 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84792471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transidioma and Territory: Language and Power in the Age of Globalization","authors":"M. Jacquemet","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1882651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1882651","url":null,"abstract":"The experience of linguistic globalization and the communicative disorder it entails require a serious retooling of most basic units of linguistic analysis. The chaos and indeterminacy of contemporary flows of people, knowledge, texts, and commodities across social and geographical space challenge most sociolinguistic assumptions about social interactions. In particular, we can no longer assume that national territory is linked to a dominant language in ways that bind people together, facilitate interactions, or minimize conflicts. At the same time, communicative practices are still embedded in the territorial apparatuses of the nation-state (from control over the power grid to border enforcement and exclusions). By revisiting the concept of transidioma – i.e., the ensemble of communicative practices of people embedded in multilingual environments and engaged in interactions that blend face-to-face and digitally-mediated communication (Jacquemet 2005a) – as it applies to three different phenomena (the reliance on territorial infrastructure, the heightened sense of territoriality due to globalization, and the search for country origins during asylum hearings), this paper complexifies the interaction between language and space by discussing the importance of the territory in late-modern communication.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"86 1","pages":"117 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82194057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language and Territory – Part II","authors":"Mary Rizzo, Cecilia Magadán, J. Kleifgen","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2021.1893020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2021.1893020","url":null,"abstract":"Over time, the links between languages and territories have been shaped and interrogated in different ways. At the stage of formation and consolidation of national states, the common language was one of the essential components of national identity, so that it was inescapably linked to a territory. In South America, in particular, the two hegemonic languages that operated as an element of homogenization — Spanish and Portuguese— were the result of the colonization processes in the region by the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal. These processes, as well as the forms in which the independence of the new nations and the migratory phenomena that took place later, had a strong influence on the configuration of the linguistic space and on the different links that the majority languages established both with the former European metropolis and with the native and immigrant languages spoken in the territory. These historical trajectories in which languages, social groups, and imagined territories are articulated, have an impact, even today, on the sociolinguistic configuration of the Spanishand Portuguese-speaking worlds in general, and of South America in particular. In the current stage of globalization, the links between languages and territories are being contested and remapped, due to various factors such as the weakening of the functions of States, the processes of regional integration, the increase in population mobility, the development of information and communication technologies, and the growingly widespread access to mobile devices and Internet connectivity. At the linguistic level, there has been a multiplication of linguistic contacts, the recognition of other languages in the States, the consolidation of large language areas, the increase in interest in learning foreign languages, and debates about the presence and uses of different languages on the Internet, among other issues. The papers gathered in this second issue dedicated to “Language and Territory” explore different problems around languages that characterize each of these different stages: from the formation and consolidation of national States to the current processes of globalization. These works lend themselves to a cross-sectional reading from a glottopolitical perspective. This glottopolitical reading of language phenomena —expressed in each article from a different theoretical approach— implies considering linguistic processes as political processes in which tensions and conflicts are produced involving ideologies","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"66 3 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82293627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}