Word & world最新文献

{"title":"Italian Immigration Guides During Mass Migration to Argentina. Linguistic Aspects","authors":"Hermann W. Haller","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1827513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1827513","url":null,"abstract":"While letters and popular narratives written by Italian immigrants have been analyzed with historical and sociolinguistic perspectives, only scant attention has been paid to texts written for potential emigrants. Based on a comparative study of selected guides produced for Italians emigrating to the Americas during mass migration between the 1880s and the 1920s, this paper evaluates some linguistic aspects of texts for Italians emigrating to Argentina. The numerous guides compiled by Giuliano Corniani, Arnaldo Tortesi, Bernardino Frescura, Arrigo De Zettiry, and the Commissariato dell’emigrazione provide detailed information on the transatlantic journey from Genoa to the Río de la Plata, on Argentina's history, geography, climate, government, immigration laws, and job opportunities for laborers and colonialists. They use a colloquial written variety of Standard Italian, rich in dialogues and devoid of technical terminology to accommodate dialect-speaking migrants with varying levels of Italian proficiency, while promoting at the same time the diffusion of the Standard language among them. A few of the texts by Frescura and De Zettiry evoke the plurilingual reality on board the ships and provide short linguistic guides to Spanish, thus fostering the migrants’ future bi- and plurilingualism at a time of increasing literacy levels and decreasing mass dialectophony.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"29 1","pages":"282 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82309555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The communicative function of adjective-noun order in English","authors":"Kelli Hesseltine, Joseph Davis","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1793499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1793499","url":null,"abstract":"The problem undertaken here is to account for the relational placement in English of words traditionally known as adjectives and nouns. Two distinct orders are examined as signals of discrete meanings: one where the characterizing word is preposed to the characterized word, as in long hair, and the other where it is postposed, as in hair long. Distribution of the two signals in attested text is accounted for under the hypothesis that an Assertion of Characterization is made weaker or stronger, respectively, through this word order. With these meanings, a writer draws a distinction between Characterization the writer assumes the reader will receive as uncontested and so requires weaker Assertion and Characterization which is selected out of an array of particularly relevant possibilities and so requires stronger Assertion.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"15 1","pages":"166 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78279895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language, capitalism, colonialism: toward a critical history","authors":"K. Rajagopalan","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1794324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1794324","url":null,"abstract":"This is a great book to read and ruminate on. It is thorough-going in the way in which it goes about parsing the thematics of the book, as signaled by the three keywords in its very title. The thre...","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"18 1","pages":"234 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88599865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The construal of requests for action: Expounding indeterminancy for socio-communicative risks and failures in public health","authors":"A. Ng","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1810892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1810892","url":null,"abstract":"Requests for action are significant for ensuring clear communication and, delivering quality and safe services in health care but, if presented unclearly or implicitly, may cause indeterminacy, leading to socio-communicative risks and failures (Matthiessen, Christian M. I. M. 2013. Applying systemic functional linguistics in healthcare contexts. Text & Talk 33(4–5). 437–67). This research adopted an ideational approach (construing each process as a quantum of change in our experience), rather than the common interpersonal approach (enacting healthcare provider-patient interactions during the patient journey), examining healthcare communication as instances of exchange of social meanings in a semiotic system according to institutional roles, accountabilities, counterparty risks and power differentials (Halliday, Michael A. K. 1978. Language as social semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning. London: Edward Arnold; Halliday, Michael A. K. 1984a. Language as code and language as behaviour: a systemic- functional interpretation of the nature and ontogenesis of dialogue. In Michael A. K. Halliday, Robin Fawcett, Sydney M. Lamb, and Adam Makkai (eds.), The semiotics of language and culture. London: Frances Pinter; Halliday, Michael A. K. 1984b. Linguistics in the university: the question of social accountability. In James E. Copeland (ed.), New directions in linguistics and semiotics, 51–67. Houston, TX: Rice University Studies). 1,206 instances of construals (processes) were quantitatively and qualitatively examined as “requests for action” or “references of information” in government “health advice letters” to education institutions in Hong Kong, drawing upon resources of Systemic Functional Linguistics (Michael A. K. Halliday, and Christian I. M. Matthiessen 2014. Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar, 4th ed. London: Routledge) and Critical Consciousness (Freire, Paulo. 1973. Education for critical consciousness. New York: Seabury). Although a significant 6% of these processes displayed indeterminate tendency in this pre-hospitalization context, the registerial profiling of requests (Action Orientation) contributes to (a) better expounding indeterminacy for further discussions on socio-communicative risks and failures, and (b) constructing an effective framework for analyzing discourses and navigating through various registers of health care in terms of socio-semiotic orientations and power differentials.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"29 1","pages":"194 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75090840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problem of articulate animals in Korean child conversation: A Hallidayan analysis, a Vygotskyan interpretation, and a Hasanian critique","authors":"David Kellogg, Seon-mi Song","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1793498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1793498","url":null,"abstract":"Some children believe that animals can talk. To discover whether and in what sense the two Korean-speaking children in our study believe this is not the least of our reasons for analysing their use of projection (direct and indirect speech reporting). But this belief in talking animals, where it exists, needs to be explained. Halliday has speculated that it may come about because children begin with the same understanding of human speech that animals have – a bistratal one, where a given semantic content is matched with a phonetic expression unmediated by lexicogrammar. Here too we have ample motive for analysing the language of our subjects with an eye to the extent to which that bistratal model persists in their consciousness. Finally, this belief in talking animals may also arise through exposure to articulate animal characters in fables, cartoons, and (recently) photorealistic films. Therefore, a third purpose of our study is to consider this possibility and suggest that our current emphasis on talking animals for young children but not adolescents might just be diametrically opposed to their own development. We strive, in this way, to render the present study not merely descriptive but explanatory, and not merely explanatory but appliable.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"16 1","pages":"149 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85513022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situating simultaneity: an initial schematization of the lexicogrammatical rank scale of British Sign Language","authors":"Luke A. Rudge","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1751974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1751974","url":null,"abstract":"A central tenet of systemic functional theory is the rank scale: an ordered representation of the part-whole relationships of units within semiotic systems. Linguists have schematized the rank scales for the lexicogrammars of English, French, Spanish and Chinese, to name a few. However, such schematization has yet to occur for languages in the visual-spatial modality (i.e. sign languages).This paper contributes to current literature by establishing a working schematization of the lexicogrammatical rank scale of British Sign Language (BSL). By taking a glottocentric perspective and with reference to systemic functional theory and BSL data, this work demonstrates that it is possible to create an organized rank scale for a language operating the visual-spatial modality as long as the productive simultaneity found within is accounted for sufficiently. This is enacted through a more detailed elaboration of the morpheme rank, so that higher ranks may be represented accurately. This study provides the foundations for similar rank scales of semiotic systems operating in the visual-spatial modality to be schematized, while also suggesting areas for further empirical investigation in both systemic functionalism and sign linguistics.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"12 1","pages":"118 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75404967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matthiessen’s thoughts on some key issues in systemic functional linguistics","authors":"C. Matthiessen, Enhua Guo","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1769921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1769921","url":null,"abstract":"I am very pleased and honored to have a chance to interview Professor Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen, one of the most representative Systemic Functional linguists, on some very important issues of SFL, to which he has kindly and patiently responded. I believe the ideas shared by him in this interview are very insightful and thought-provoking, conducive to our understanding of the overall architecture, or “grammatics”, of SFL, especially his own contributions to it.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"44 1","pages":"130 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77094078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A note on the non-existence of infixes in Mandarin Chinese","authors":"Changsong Wang","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1751975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1751975","url":null,"abstract":"This note examines the so-called infixes in Mandarin Chinese and argues that they can be analyzed as non-infixes. To be specific, the -de/bu 得/不 in potential V-de/bu-R constructions is analyzed as an affix, which merges with VR after syntax via Morphological Merger. The -bu in V-bu-R is taken as an allomorph of a potential affix -bude 不得. The drop of -de in V-bude-R is motivated prosodically. The -li 里 in A-li-AB (i.e. hu-li-hutu 糊里糊涂 ‘sort of silly’) is analyzed as a prefix to a root adjective AB, with A being further copied from AB and attached to immediately before -li to satisfy the prosodic requirements of a sizige ‘four character pattern’. The -bu 不 in A-bu-BB (i.e. suan-bu-liuliu 酸不溜溜 ‘sort of sour’) and A-bu-BC (i.e. suan-bu-liuqiu 酸不溜秋 ‘sort of sour’) is analyzed as a segment of pejorative suffixes bu-BB and bu-BC, which are added to the monosyllabic adjective A. In this line, the -bu in V-bu-R and the -bu in A-bu-BB and A-bu-BC are distinct, even though they are homophonous and represented orthographically with the same Chinese character 不.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"8 1","pages":"119 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75877302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining the variability of adjective comparatives and superlatives: entering the twenty-first century","authors":"Ayano Watanabe, Yoko Iyeiri","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1751961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1751961","url":null,"abstract":"There has been no lack of research on the variation of comparative adjective forms in contemporary English, but our understanding of comparison strategies is still limited, with respect to individual patterns of adjectives, as well as sociolinguistic factors (e.g. formality). This article presents a quantitative investigation of selected disyllabic adjectives in comparison (i.e. ample, bitter, common, complete, costly, deadly, empty, friendly, kindly, likely, obscure, remote, robust, severe, simple, sober, wealthy), based on the 2001–2005 issues of two different types of newspapers in British English (i.e. Daily Mail and The Independent). Our analysis reveals that, although previous studies have shown that some factors have an effect on the comparative alternation between the inflectional and periphrastic forms (e.g. costlier and more costly, respectively), these factors do not affect all adjectives equally. We also found that, for many adjectives, periphrastic comparison is more likely to be preferred in the less formal newspaper (i.e. Daily Mail). The present study also explores the strategies employed when selecting comparative forms for superlative adjectives and shows that factors which are influential on the comparative formation are not always effective on the superlative comparison.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"43 1","pages":"71 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77946274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language maintenance, revival and shift in the sociology of religion","authors":"K. Rajagopalan","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1752491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1752491","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"118 1","pages":"146 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84931081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}