Word & worldPub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2019.1708557
C. Anafo, R. S. Ngula
{"title":"On the grammar of scam: transitivity, manipulation and deception in scam emails","authors":"C. Anafo, R. S. Ngula","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2019.1708557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2019.1708557","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the language of scam, focusing on one key lexicogrammatical system for representing experience, the system of transitivity. The study is informed by systemic functional linguistics theory and is based on a clause-by-clause analysis of forty scam email messages, comprising 860 clauses. The frequency distribution of process types shows that scammers mimic the everyday taken-for-granted construction of experience in discourse in producing scam, thereby concealing the motive of the scammer. Second, scammers favor three sub-types of material processes, namely communication-oriented clauses, clauses of transfer of possession and use-oriented clauses. In addition, scam emails are shown to be interpersonally rich in the use of personal pronouns to index and position scammers relative to their target email recipients in manipulative ways. Also, the possessive determiners my, your and our are used in nominal groups functioning as participants to position the scammer and target recipients differently. Notably, the pronoun my (representing the scammer) normally collocates with social relationship/kinship terms or a noun denoting the condition of the scammer, your (representing the recipient) collocates with nouns denoting material possessions or semiotic activities, while our often collocates with nouns that evoke some institutional commitment, locating the scammer within a network of relations.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"4 1","pages":"16 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91204341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Word & worldPub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2020.1726073
{"title":"65th Annual Conference of the International Linguistic Association","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1726073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1726073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"31 1","pages":"69 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90510427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Word & worldPub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2020.1715555
A. Wolfe
{"title":"Variation in auxiliary to T movement: evidence from adverbs","authors":"A. Wolfe","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2020.1715555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1715555","url":null,"abstract":"Adverb positions have been used to assess whether or not a language undergoes verb movement [e.g. Pollock, Jean-Yves. 1989. Verb movement, universal grammar, and the structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry 20(3), 365–424; Roberts, Ian. 1993. Verbs and diachronic syntax. A comparative history of English and French. Dordrecht: Kluwer.; Ayoun, Dalila. 2005. Verb movement phenomena in Spanish: “mixed languages” and bilingualism. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press]. These adverbs are argued to be base-generated in the specifier positions of specific phrases; therefore, any word order variation is due to verbal head movement [e.g. Cinque, Guglielmo. 1999. Adverbs and functional heads: A cross-linguistic perspective. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Alexiadou, Artemis. 1997. Adverb placement: A case study in asymmetric syntax. Amsterdam: John Benjamins]. In earlier stages of English, all verbs moved to a higher position, namely tense (T); however, in present English, only auxiliary verbs are still capable of moving to T. This shift in movement constraints is attributed to a loss in agreement features on main verbs, whereas the English auxiliaries are morphologically richer and still exhibit movement. This paper analyzes the interaction of TP adverbs and auxiliaries in spoken corpus data in order to provide empirical evidence to support the claim that English speakers prefer auxiliary movement to T. It finds auxiliary movement occurs but there is a variation between auxiliary have and be. Auxiliary have moves less frequently above higher adverb probably than it does above lower adverb always, whereas auxiliary be consistently moves to T regardless of adverb. The hypothesis is that movement varies because auxiliary have is less morphologically rich in comparison to auxiliary be.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"1 1","pages":"40 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90353226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Word & worldPub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2019.1708556
Mohammed Nour Abu Guba
{"title":"Gender assignment in loanwords in Jordanian Arabic","authors":"Mohammed Nour Abu Guba","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2019.1708556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2019.1708556","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines gender assignment in 531 English loanwords in Jordanian Arabic. Results show that the most common gender in the corpus is the masculine and the most important factor that determines the gender of the adapted loanword is the phonological/phonetic form of the loanword while semantic factors play a minor role. Most importantly, the paper provides evidence that the masculine, which is also morphologically unmarked, is the default gender in JA and probably in Arabic in general. In other words, Jordanian Arabic native speakers perceive English loan nouns as masculine unless strong evidence suggests otherwise. The paper contributes to studies on gender assignment in both Arabic and world languages by shedding light on the mechanisms of the complicated process of gender assignment in Jordanian Arabic. The study concludes with a number of implications for gender assignment in Arabic and second language acquisition of Arabic.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"25 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73184691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Word & worldPub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2019.1708590
Razieh Gholaminejad
{"title":"Academic vocabulary in learner writing: From extraction to analysis","authors":"Razieh Gholaminejad","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2019.1708590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2019.1708590","url":null,"abstract":"This book is the zenith of the appeal of the academic vocabulary notion in the field of second language teaching, commenced with the development of the Academic Word List (AWL) by Coxhead (2000). A...","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"106 1","pages":"62 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75984527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Word & worldPub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2019.1708589
P. Duffley
{"title":"The Cours de linguistique générale Revisited: 1916–2016","authors":"P. Duffley","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2019.1708589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2019.1708589","url":null,"abstract":"At the beginning of April 2016, one hundred years after the publication of Ferdinand de Saussure’s Cours de linguistique generale, an interdisciplinary conference was organized in Jerusalem by Poli...","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"225 1","pages":"57 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75550719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Word & worldPub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2019.1690768
Lenguaje Y Territorio, H. F. Muller, G. Bonfante, R. Jakobson, M. Swadesh, R. Fowkes, Henry Lee Smith, W. Leslau, L. Gray
{"title":"65th Annual Conference of the International Linguistic Association","authors":"Lenguaje Y Territorio, H. F. Muller, G. Bonfante, R. Jakobson, M. Swadesh, R. Fowkes, Henry Lee Smith, W. Leslau, L. Gray","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2019.1690768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2019.1690768","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"12 1","pages":"275 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79912072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Word & worldPub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00437956.2019.1670911
W. Xuan, Shukun Chen
{"title":"A synthesis of research on grammatical metaphor: meta-data and content analysis","authors":"W. Xuan, Shukun Chen","doi":"10.1080/00437956.2019.1670911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2019.1670911","url":null,"abstract":"Adopting the methodology of research synthesis, the present study takes stock of primary research studies on grammatical metaphor (GM) within systemic-functional linguistics and maps the research landscape since Halliday proposed this concept in 1985. Based on the data from 118 primary studies, we first report on the publication and methodological features of these studies. We then conduct content analysis, which is based on five domains of interest, viz. language description, register variation, education, language comparison, and translation. Major findings are: (i) The type of GM in these studies is dominated by ideational GM; less attention has been given to interpersonal GM; (ii) Textual GM has emerged as a heated issue recently. (iii) While education represents the most studied field, there remains considerable research space in other domains. Finally, some theoretical issues and implications for future directions are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":84010,"journal":{"name":"Word & world","volume":"104 1","pages":"213 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76112303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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