Aquaculture最新文献

{"title":"Joint forecasting of salmon lice and treatment interventions in aquaculture operations","authors":"Benjamin S. Narum,&nbsp;Geir D. Berentsen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need for joint forecasting of parasitic lice and associated preventative treatments stems from large monetary losses and reduced fish welfare associated with such treatments, and the distribution of potential future treatments can be used in operational planning to hedge their associated risk. We present a spatio-temporal forecasting model that accounts for the joint dynamics between lice and treatments where spatial interaction between sites is derived from hydrodynamic transportation patterns. The model-derived forecasting distributions exhibit large heterogeneity between sites at significant levels of exposure, which suggests the forecasting model can provide great value in assisting operational risk management. For the data used in this study, within a 20-week forecast period, our results suggest up to a 40% lice-induced loss in the value of farmed salmon, with differences up to 20%pt. in the average exposure of each site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of P-AKK on glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity of Micropterus salmoides induced by high starch diet","authors":"Guokun Yang ,&nbsp;Boya Yang ,&nbsp;Tianhao Tan ,&nbsp;Mingyue Yin ,&nbsp;Jianing Gu ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanmin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xindang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xulu Chang ,&nbsp;Shikun Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the cheapest energy substance, the carbohydrate exerts a protein-sparing effect in the fish feed. However, excessive dietary carbohydrate intake induces glucose and lipid metabolic dysregulation, intestinal inflammatory responses in teleost. The AKK has been reported that it takes part in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses in mammals. However, roles of AKK in teleost remains limited and requires further systematic investigation. In present study, largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) was selected as experimental model organism. Following an 8-week culture experiment, the condition factor, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) were promoted, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL<img>C) was lowered in high starch diet group. Moreover, lipid droplet and glycogen in liver were promoted in high starch diet group. However, the liver fat and glycogen and serum lipid were reduced in the P-AKK supplemental group. In the liver, the mRNA of <em>g-6-pase</em>, <em>fas</em>, and <em>acc-a</em> were significantly inhibited, while the levels of <em>pk</em> and <em>lpl</em> were markedly promoted in P-AKK supplemental group compared with high starch diet and control groups. In the intestinal tissue, the levels of <em>tnf-α</em>, <em>MyD88</em>, <em>il-8</em>, <em>caspase3</em> and <em>caspase9</em> were observably inhibited with P-AKK supplemented into diet. Moreover, the TGF-β and IL-10 protein levels were observably elevated, and the TNF-α protein level was dramatically reduced in P-AKK supplemental group compared with high starch diet and control groups. These results demonstrate that P-AKK plays the crucial part in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and intestinal inflammatory response in largemouth bass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the si gene on glucose adaptation ability in fish","authors":"Jing Wen ,&nbsp;Cun Yin ,&nbsp;Shisheng Wang,&nbsp;Dan Jiang,&nbsp;Zhiyong Wang,&nbsp;Ming Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the role of the <em>si</em> gene in the utilization of high-carbohydrate diets in fish, we generated a zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) model with <em>si</em> gene knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. A homozygous F₂ mutant line with a 119 bp deletion in the <em>si</em> gene was successfully obtained. We evaluate the high-carbohydrate adaptability of zebrafish using growth traits. Under high-glucose dietary conditions, <em>si</em> knockout significantly impaired zebrafish growth. High-glucose tolerance analysis revealed that <em>si</em>⁻/⁻ mutants exhibited marked glucose utilization dysfunction. Specifically, in diets containing 45 % and 36 % glucose, the body weight of <em>si</em>^<em>−</em><em>/</em>^<em>−</em> individuals decreased by 21.9 % (45 % glucose diet) and 34.7 % (36 % glucose diet) compared to wild-type (WT) fish (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05), respectively; body length decreased by 6.9 % and 21.1 % (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05); and body height decreased by 9.8 % and 19.3 % (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). However, under a high-protein diet based on Artemia (brine shrimp), no significant differences were observed in body weight, length, or height between WT and <em>si</em>^<em>−</em><em>/</em>^<em>−</em> fish (<em>P &gt;</em> 0.05). confirming that <em>si</em> gene specifically regulates high-glucose adaptation.</div><div>Mechanistic studies demonstrated that <em>si</em> deletion led to: (1) significant intestinal folds shortening (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001) and structural disorganization; (2) altered expression of genes associated with glucose metabolism (GO:0006006) and insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling (GO:0048009) in the intestinal transcriptome; and (3) dysregulation of hepatic glycolysis and energy metabolism pathways. These findings reveal a novel tripartite regulatory mechanism—intestinal folds morphology–digestive absorption–metabolic regulation—through which <em>si</em> gene governs glucose utilization in fish.</div><div>This study is the first to systematically demonstrate the critical role of the <em>si</em> gene in dietary glucose utilization in zebrafish, highlighting its involvement in maintaining energy homeostasis through modulation of glucose metabolism and digestive function. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for applying gene editing technologies to improve carbohydrate utilization efficiency in aquaculture breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation and domestication of endangered wild betta fish (Betta channoides) originating from East Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"Agus Priyadi ,&nbsp;Asep Permana ,&nbsp;Bastiar Nur ,&nbsp;Sawung Cindelaras ,&nbsp;Siti Murniasih ,&nbsp;Rendy Ginanjar ,&nbsp;Sulasy Rohmy ,&nbsp;Lukman ,&nbsp;Djamhuriyah S. Said ,&nbsp;Muhamad Yamin ,&nbsp;Lili Sholichah ,&nbsp;Erma Primanita Hayuningtyas ,&nbsp;Murdinah ,&nbsp;Dorota Katarzyna Fopp-Bayat ,&nbsp;Suciyono ,&nbsp;Darmawan Setia Budi","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Betta channoides</em> is an endangered freshwater fish endemic to Indonesia. This study was conducted to establish a methodology for adapting and domesticating <em>B. channoides</em> through breeding and restocking initiatives. Fish were successfully acclimated and bred in captivity in Depok City, West Java, Indonesia, which is significantly distant from its native habitat in East Kalimantan. A total of 100 immature fish (50 males and 50 females) were collected from the wild. The study consisted of three main experiments: (1) evaluation of rearing containers (Styrofoam box, plastic container, and glass aquarium) for 30 days with three replicates using five males and females (maintained separately); water temperature, pH, and ammonia were 27.5–30.8 °C, 5.2–5.6, and 0.004 mg/L, respectively; (2) gonadal maturation using <em>Moina</em> sp., mosquito larvae (<em>Culex</em> sp.), and bloodworms (<em>Chironomus</em> sp.) for 30 days without replication, using eight males and females in glass aquariums with water quality of 27.9–30.8 °C, 5.3–5.7, and 0.004 mg/L; and (3) breeding of 12 male–female pairs. A glass aquarium was the most suitable rearing container for inducing minimal stress, as indicated by the lowest blood glucose levels recorded. <em>Chironomus</em> sp. larvae served as the optimal nutrition source for maturation, resulting in enhanced weight gain and the highest number of mature fish. The number of larvae produced was 30.67 ± 9.23 individuals per spawning. After the yolk absorption period of 7 days, the larvae were fed for the first time. This study provides essential data on the reproduction and early development of <em>B. channoides</em> to support conservation aquaculture strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in regulating lipid metabolism in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum under hyposalinity stress","authors":"Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Hongtao Nie ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Ding ,&nbsp;Zhongming Huo ,&nbsp;Xiwu Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lipid metabolism is considered to play a crucial role in assisting aquatic animals to adapt to environmental change. In the Manila clam, <em>Ruditapes philippinarum</em>, the involvement of AMPK in the regulation of lipid metabolism under hyposalinity stress is not well understood. Hence, in this study, two populations (TS wild population and FZ culture population) of <em>R. philippinarum</em> were employed in experimentation on the effects of hyposalinity stress. The enzyme activities of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid in the clam hepatopancreas significantly decreased under hyposalinity. Conversely, a significant increase in <em>AMPK</em> gene expression was observed. Under hyposalinity stress, the levels of <em>SREBP-1c</em>, <em>ACC</em>, and <em>SCD</em> gene expression were decreased, whereas the levels of <em>CPT1</em> and <em>ACOX1</em> expression were increased. The results indicate that the <em>AMPK</em> gene may be activated under hyposalinity. This activation could subsequently inhibit lipid metabolism, promote lipid oxidation, provide energy for osmotic pressure regulation, and maintain energy balance. Our study delivers important insights into the molecular mechanisms by which AMPK regulates lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and osmotic regulation in <em>R. philippinarum</em> under hyposalinity stress. Additionally, it offers a valuable reference for the breeding and farming of <em>R. philippinarum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy modulation in Atlantic salmon: Oleic acid increases adipogenesis and energy deposition","authors":"Beichen Yang ,&nbsp;Matthew K. Jago ,&nbsp;Thomas S. Mock ,&nbsp;Giovanni M. Turchini ,&nbsp;Michael J. Salini ,&nbsp;Richard P. Smullen ,&nbsp;David S. Francis","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to climate change, water temperatures in Tasmania (Australia) summer are rising at 0.4 °C per decade, exceeding the upper thermal tolerance limits of Atlantic salmon, leading to reduced feed intake, increased metabolic rate, and energy loss. These suboptimal conditions affect growth performance and quality of the final products. Thus, higher energy storage in salmon tissue prior to summer has been envisaged as a strategy to minimise the detrimental effects of this culture phase. The objective of this study was to investigate if dietary oleic acid could increase energy storage in visceral adipose tissue of juvenile Atlantic salmon reared under pre-summer conditions (15 °C), primarily as triacylglycerols, and assess whether it was more effective than high-lipid diets for energy modulation. For this, four diets were formulated and manufactured with two different levels of oleic acid (high and low) and two different total lipid (high and low) and fed to Atlantic salmon (71.8 ± 0.20 g) for 124 days. The results showed Atlantic salmon fed high-lipid diets demonstrated higher growth performance compared to the low-lipid diets, with a significantly lower feed conversion ratio, higher digestible energy retention, and higher triacylglycerol concentration in the fillet. High-oleic acid diets resulted in significantly higher total lipid and triacylglycerol concentrations in visceral adipose tissue compared to low-oleic acid diets. This was achieved via adipocyte hyperplasia originated from the increased provision of the energy substrate, oleic acid, in visceral adipose tissue lipid for triacylglycerol synthesis. Diets containing low lipid and high oleic acid accumulated the highest metabolic energy in visceral adipose tissue and can be considered a viable energy modulation strategy for Atlantic salmon. However, further investigation is needed to understand the long-term effects of triacylglycerol accumulation on fish health to ensure commercial viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two CqCofilins inhibit WSSV infection by binding with Cqβ-actin cytoskeleton in Cherax quadricarinatus","authors":"Wei-dong Li ,&nbsp;Jiao-yang Xu ,&nbsp;Chuang Cui ,&nbsp;Hai-peng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cofilin, a key regulator of the cytoskeleton, orchestrates multiple critical cellular processes, including endocytosis, cell migration, and adhesion, by facilitating the depolymerization of actin filaments. Based on our prior transcriptomic library of differentially expressed genes from the hematopoietic tissue (Hpt) cells of <em>Cherax quadricarinatus</em>, the expression profiles of Cofilin1 and Cofilin2 were downregulated following white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Nonetheless, the role of <em>Cq</em>Cofilins in the context of WSSV infection remains poorly understood and warrants further investigation. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequences of the <em>CqCofilin1</em> and <em>CqCofilin2</em> genes were cloned and characterized. Both genes exhibit an open reading frame (ORF) of 444 bp, which encode a polypeptide of 147 amino acids, and contain an actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) homology domain. Localization studies revealed that <em>Cq</em>Cofilin1 and <em>Cq</em>Cofilin2 were localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm and were ubiquitously expressed across all examined crayfish tissues, with notably higher expression levels observed in nerve tissue, hemocytes, and Hpt. Gene silencing of either <em>CqCofilin1</em> or <em>CqCofilin2</em> led to a notable increase in WSSV internalization and a significant upregulation of viral genes like <em>IE1</em> and <em>VP28</em> in Hpt cells. The introduction of recombinant <em>Cq</em>Cofilin1 or <em>Cq</em>Cofilin2 proteins resulted in a significant reduction in WSSV replication. Moreover, Alphafold 3 analysis prediction and protein pull-down assay elucidated the interaction between <em>Cq</em>Cofilin1, <em>Cq</em>Cofilin2, and <em>Cq</em>β-actin. These findings suggest that <em>Cq</em>Cofilins, as members of the actin depolymerization factor family, function conservatively to bind <em>Cq</em>β-actin and promote cytoskeletal disassembly, a process that might hinder WSSV internalization, and which offers novel insights into host resistance mechanisms against WSSV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of freshwater rearing on saltwater performance: A genotype-environment interaction study in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)","authors":"Mette J. Tollervey ,&nbsp;Saif Agha ,&nbsp;Michaël Bekaert ,&nbsp;Almas A. Gheyas ,&nbsp;Ross D. Houston ,&nbsp;Andrea Doeschl-Wilson ,&nbsp;Ashie Norris ,&nbsp;Herve Migaud ,&nbsp;Alejandro P. Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Monica B. Betancor","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atlantic salmon, <em>Salmo salar,</em> have traditionally been reared in net-pens in freshwater (FW) lochs up to smoltification, with subsequent transfer to saltwater (SW) cages for grow-out. Recently, interest in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) has grown due to environmental and husbandry benefits. To investigate the impact of RAS on their production cycle, we conducted an experiment under commercial conditions, raising a group of salmon in either a FW-RAS or -loch system. The study evaluated the effects of FW-rearing on SW performance by investigating phenotypic performance, genetic architecture, and genotype-environment interactions (GxE), which describe how the effects of different genotypes on traits change with environmental variation, potentially impacting performance across systems. We co-reared salmon for approximately nine-months before splitting them: half remained in FW-RAS and half transferred to FW-loch, where they were separated for about eight weeks. Both groups were then transferred to a SW cage-site. We sampled fish at the end of FW-rearing as smolts and three-months post-SW transfer as post-smolts, taking fin clips for genotyping. Results indicate that RAS-reared smolts were smaller in FW but demonstrated enhanced growth and lower trait variance post-transfer. Sexually dimorphic growth was observed in the loch population. Heritability of morphological traits increased post-SW transfer in the loch population but decreased in RAS. GxE for SW morphological traits were minimal, though significant genotype re-ranking was observed for SW growth. Genetic correlations between FW and SW morphological traits were high, except for whole-body weight in the loch population. These findings indicate that RAS-origin post-smolts, despite smaller FW size, showed faster growth and reduced phenotypic variance in SW compared to loch-origin fish. Differences in heritability estimates and genotype re-ranking for SW growth suggest that breeding programs may need to refine selection strategies for varied rearing environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742892"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Characterization of a novel WAP domain-containing protein with antibacterial immunity from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus” [Aquaculture, Volume 609, 15 October 2025, 742831]","authors":"Yiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yina Shao ,&nbsp;Weikang Liang ,&nbsp;Chenghua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742867","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 742867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription of immune genes in ranched southern bluefin tuna show correlations to Cardicola spp. (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) infection","authors":"Maree Widdicombe ,&nbsp;Sarah Eastwood ,&nbsp;Bronwyn E. Campbell ,&nbsp;Cecilia Power ,&nbsp;Barbara F. Nowak ,&nbsp;Paul A. Ramsland ,&nbsp;Nathan J. Bott","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cardicola forsteri</em> and <em>C. orientalis</em> (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) are significant pathogens affecting the Southern bluefin tuna (SBT), <em>Thunnus maccoyii</em>, aquaculture industry. The aims of this research were to identify a relationship between immune gene expression of SBT and <em>C. forsteri</em> and <em>C. orientalis</em> infection burdens; and to understand how immune gene expression changes over time during commercial ranching. SBT were collected during commercial operations in 2022 after 4, 8 and 10 weeks of ranching and the transcription of <em>interleukin 1 beta (il1b), interleukin 8 (il8), tumour necrosis factor 2 (tnf2), immunoglobulin m (igm), major histocompatibility complex 2 (mhc2)</em> and <em>t cell receptor beta (tcrb)</em> were measured from the anterior kidney and gills using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). <em>Cardicola forsteri</em> and <em>C. orientalis</em> infection was quantified as number of eggs/mm of SBT gill filament, number of adult flukes in SBT heart and <em>C. forsteri</em> and <em>C. orientalis</em> ITS-2 rDNA copy number/mg in SBT gills. Expression of <em>il8</em> and <em>igm</em> in anterior kidney was positively correlated to <em>C. forsteri</em> and <em>C. orientalis</em> eggs/mm of SBT gill filament and to the copy number of <em>C. forsteri</em> ITS-2 rDNA in SBT gills. Expression of <em>igm</em> and <em>mhc2</em> was higher in SBT positive for adult flukes and the expression of <em>igm, mhc2</em> and <em>tcrb</em> in the anterior kidney was positively correlated to the number of adult flukes in SBT heart. Expression of <em>tcrb</em> in gills was negatively correlated to the number of adult flukes in SBT heart and negatively correlated to the copy number of <em>C. orientalis</em> ITS-2 rDNA. Expression of the adaptive immune genes <em>igm</em>, <em>mhc2</em> and <em>tcrb</em> increased over the ranching duration in the kidney of SBT and the innate immune genes <em>il1b</em> and <em>il8</em> decreased over the ranching duration in SBT gills. Despite evidence of an immune response to <em>C. forsteri</em> and <em>C. orientalis,</em> SBT were not able to clear infections during the standard industry ranching timeline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 742877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}