Aquaculture最新文献

{"title":"Study on the reproductive characteristics of interspecific three-way cross hybrid abalone and their performance in sea-based subtropical areas","authors":"Haichen Zhang ,&nbsp;Qizhen Xiao ,&nbsp;Hanjiao Luo ,&nbsp;Jiawei Hong ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Gan ,&nbsp;Yanbo Liu ,&nbsp;Caihuan Ke ,&nbsp;Xuan Luo ,&nbsp;Weiwei You","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abalone are economically important shellfish with a worldwide distribution. China is the largest abalone producer in the world, with sea-based aquaculture in subtropical regions being the predominant farming method. In China, interspecific hybrids are used in large-scale abalone production to improve growth performance and stress tolerance. Hybridization between a single hybrid and another parent is referred to three-way cross, often exhibit better environmental adaptability. Previous research has shown that the interspecific three-way crosses hybrids display heterosis for growth performance and thermal and hypoxia tolerance, which is essential for surviving the summer in subtropical areas. In this study, we conducted periodic monitoring of the reproductive performance of the three-way cross hybrids and compared their growth performance using the sea-based aquaculture mode. The results showed that the three-way cross hybrid (SS × DF), where SS refers to <em>Haliotis gigantea</em> and DF is the hybrid of <em>H. discus hannai</em> (DD) and <em>H. fulgens</em> (FF), exhibited the highest cumulative survival rate. The growth and survival rates of the self-crossed offspring of the three-way cross hybrid abalone were significantly lower than those of their parents, but still significantly higher than those of all other purebreds. The results of reproductive performance showed that the histological characteristics of the gonads of three-way cross hybrids were similar to those of purebreds and that individuals with gonads containing mature germ cells could be observed during the reproductive season. Studies on gonadal histology and the successful cultivation of self-crossed progeny both indicate that the three-way cross hybrids are fertile, which is different from their single cross parent. We also determined the optimal breeding period for SS × DF by identifying the gonadal development stages and measuring the gonadal bulk index. The findings further enrich the basic biology of hybrid marine invertebrates and provide a reference for interspecific three-way crosses in abalone breeding and production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 742799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential expression pattern of hox genes between larval development and metamorphosis of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858)","authors":"Marco Mendizábal-Castillero ,&nbsp;Manuel Alejandro Merlo ,&nbsp;María Esther Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Alberto Arias-Pérez ,&nbsp;Ismael Cross ,&nbsp;Laureana Rebordinos","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Senegalese sole (<em>Solea senegalensis</em>, Kaup 1858) is a highly valued marine flatfish species in the fishery market. Its aquaculture faces several farming bottlenecks, such as skeletal malformations, which increase production costs. <em>Hox</em> genes are a family of homeotic genes encoding transcription factors that control development in metazoans, primarily the organization of the anteroposterior axis. While some studies have focused on the expression pattern of specific <em>hox</em> genes during embryonic development, this work represents the first holistic expression analysis of all <em>hox</em> genes during larval and metamorphic development. This study will allow, in a first place, having a general knowledge about the behavior of <em>hox</em> genes during these life stages of the Senegalese sole and, secondly, to gain new possible candidate genes involved in the skeletal malformations observed in this fish species during metamorphosis. A RNA-seq approach was employed, and expression data for all <em>hox</em> genes were extracted from samples collected on eight different days after hatching, covering the main phases and stages of larval and metamorphic development. Up to five distinct expression profiles were detected, revealing a marked difference between larval and metamorphic stages. Central <em>hox</em> genes are preferentially expressed in the early larval phases, while posterior <em>hox</em> genes are expressed during metamorphosis. This trend could play a key role in the development of the central-anterior pharyngeal arches and pectoral and caudal fins. These results provide a valuable starting point for further studies to address the high incidence of skeletal abnormalities observed in both larval and metamorphic stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 742802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature impact on replication and virulence of European infectious hematopoietic necrosis viruses","authors":"A. Marsella ,&nbsp;A. Buratin ,&nbsp;F. Pascoli ,&nbsp;M. Abbadi ,&nbsp;M. Toson ,&nbsp;A. Cuenca ,&nbsp;A. Toffan ,&nbsp;N. Vendramin","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sporadic acute IHN outbreaks at water temperatures above 14 °C have been reported, challenging the temperature upper limit for IHN epizootics. The influence of temperature on European Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) was tested <em>in vitro</em> on five selected isolates of IHNV. Each isolate was tested by end-point titration onto EPC monolayers incubated at 15 °C, 20 °C, 22 °C and 25 °C. Replication was hindered at 22 °C for IHNV isolates IT-217A (IHNV 217/A), IHNV/O.mykiss/I/TN/224–2/Mar18 (IHNV 224–2), IHNV/O.mykiss/I/TN/534/Dec11 (IHNV 534), whereas isolates IHNV DK-FF1/21–4070–1 (IHNV DK) and IHNV/O.mykiss/I/BG/67–1/Feb22 (IHNV 67–1) were not affected. Further increase of incubation temperature to 25 °C significantly limited replication for all the isolates. IHNV 67–1, IHN 224–2 and IHNV DK were selected for the <em>in vivo</em> trial. Rainbow trout juveniles were exposed to IHNV and housed at water temperatures of 12 °C and 19 °C for 28 days. IHNV 67–1 induced clinical disease with reduced survival both at 12 °C and 19 °C. Isolate IHNV 224–2, which showed limited replication at 22 °C <em>in vitro</em>, reduced survival only at 12 °C. Isolate IHNV DK, capable of replication at 22 °C <em>in vitro</em>, severely reduced survival only at 12 °C. Isolates IHNV DK and IHNV 67–1 showed an insertion of seven amino acids in the 3′ end part of the coding region of the L gene. This mutation can potentially play a role in their adaptation at warm temperature. Characterization of further IHNV isolates, analysis of other genes and evaluation of the host immune response at different temperatures are necessary to investigate the temperature influence on IHNV virulence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 742786"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of family and individual selection on growth of snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis) across two generations","authors":"Onprang Sutthakiet ,&nbsp;Thanathip Suwanasopee ,&nbsp;Skorn Koonawootrittriron ,&nbsp;Uthairat Na-Nakorn ,&nbsp;Satid Chatchaiphan","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selecting an appropriate selection method is a fundamental strategy for genetic improvement, enabling breeders to enhance desirable traits, optimize productivity, and ensure the long-term sustainability of breeding programs. This study evaluated selection responses for body weight (BW) in snakeskin gourami (<em>Trichopodus pectoralis</em>) following family and individual selection based on estimated breeding values (EBVs). The base population was formed by crossing three farmed stocks, introducing heterozygosity and structural variation that influenced early generation outcomes. Although methods were applied in different generations, family selection was applied to the G₀ generation, resulting in a negative realized response (−0.155 g), while individual selection was applied to the G₁ generation, resulting in a positive realized response (0.929 g). Low heritability estimates (0.025–0.175) and moderate to high common environmental effects (0.059–0.219) were observed. Although direct comparisons between selection methods must be made cautiously due to the population restructuring, individual selection demonstrated the potential for meaningful genetic gain. The cumulative selection response over two generations was 0.774 g, corresponding to an improvement of 35.67 % per generation. These findings highlight the importance of considering population structure in breeding evaluations and support the value of individual selection strategies to improve growth traits in aquaculture species under complex population conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 742793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Atlantic salmon reared under three different regimes of continuous aerobic exercise during the freshwater phase","authors":"Ana S. Gomes ,&nbsp;Pablo Balseiro ,&nbsp;Mari D. Iversen ,&nbsp;Fabian Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Munetaka Shimizu ,&nbsp;Ayaka Izutsu ,&nbsp;Amaya Albalat ,&nbsp;Cindy Pedrosa ,&nbsp;Richard Broughton ,&nbsp;Sara Calabrese ,&nbsp;Marnix Gorissen ,&nbsp;Jan Zethof ,&nbsp;Ivar Rønnestad ,&nbsp;Simon MacKenzie ,&nbsp;Harald Sveier ,&nbsp;Julia F. Buhaug ,&nbsp;Sigurd O. Handeland","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater rearing conditions influence the growth and seawater adaptation of Atlantic salmon, and swimming exercise may enhance these adaptive processes. This study examined growth and physiological responses of Atlantic salmon subjected to continuous swimming at three speeds: low (0.5 body length per second, BL/s) and moderate (1.0 and 1.5 BL/s) for 11 weeks in freshwater, followed by transfer to brackish water. Fish trained at 1.0 and 1.5 BL/s demonstrated significantly higher specific growth rates and plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 levels after 5 weeks in brackish water, suggesting that moderate exercise enhances growth. Additionally, the 1.5 BL/s group showed a higher frequency of small-diameter white muscle fibers, suggesting hyperplastic growth. Although the expression of growth-related genes was not affected by swimming speed, moderate exercise groups had significantly lower plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels, suggesting a shift of energy allocation towards growth. At the end of the freshwater phase, distinct energy allocation strategies were evident: the low-speed swimming group had higher hepatosomatic index and plasma inorganic phosphate levels, whereas the 1.5 BL/s group showed higher muscle adenylate energy charge, indicating enhanced muscle energy status. Fish in moderate swimming groups also had lower cortisol, creatinine (significantly different between 0.5 and 1.5 BL/s), and lactate levels (significantly different between 0.5 and 1.0 BL/s), suggesting an improved stress profile. Swimming exercise did not affect smoltification markers, including NKA activity or plasma sodium and chloride concentrations. Overall, moderate swimming (1.0–1.5 BL/s) improved growth in Atlantic salmon, highlighting potential applications for aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 742797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performances of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed alternative diets for “circular” land-based IMTA production","authors":"Lorenzo Rossi ,&nbsp;Carlo Bibbiani ,&nbsp;Francesca Conti ,&nbsp;Chiara Sangiacomo ,&nbsp;Ilaria Marchioni ,&nbsp;Elisa Merega ,&nbsp;Simone Mancini ,&nbsp;Alberto Pardossi ,&nbsp;Baldassare Fronte","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing alternative and sustainable fish diets and alternative farming systems such as the SIMTAP (Self-sufficient Integrated Multi-Trophic AquaPonic) system, are possible strategies to improve aquaculture sustainability. In the present study, three consecutive trials were carried out on gilthead seabream (<em>Sparus aurata</em>), aiming to develop possible sustainable diets to be used within an Integrated MultiTrophic Aquaculture or SIMTAP systems (<span><span>www.simtap.eu</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). The three tested diets consisted mainly of detritivores and/or filter-feeders organisms (on dry matter basis): M1) 50 % mussels (<em>Mytilus platensis</em>) and 50 % clams (<em>Chamelea galina</em>) used in the Experiment 1 (initial fish body weight 6.78 g); M2) 50 % mussels, 30 % clams (<em>C. galina</em>), and 20 % polychaetes (<em>Nereis virens</em>), used in the Experiment 2 (initial fish body weight 37.21 g); M3) 49 % mussels, 30 % clams (<em>Paphia textile</em>), 20 % polychaetes (<em>N. virens</em>), and 1 % of mineral premix, used in the Experiment 3 (initial fish body weight 249.17 g).</div><div>In both Experiments 1 and 2, the groups fed the experimental diets showed lower growth performances than the groups fed the commercial feeds, notably for final body weight and specific growth rate. On the contrary, when the same mineral mix included in the commercial feed was added to the experimental diet (diet M3, Experiment 3), the fish fed the alternative diet (M3) showed better Body Weight gain (101.54 ± 2.016 vs 84.18 ± 2.478) and Specific Growth Rate (0.55 ± 0.009 vs 0.44 ± 0.014), among others. Moreover, in the Experiments 1 and 2 the groups fed the alternative diets showed a better viscerosomatic index, while in the Experiment 3 both viscerosomatic (5.76 ± 0.146 vs 6.37 ± 0.235) and hepatosomatic (1.94 ± 0.053 vs 2.37 ± 0.086) index were improved significantly. In conclusion, the experimental diets may improve the growth performances of gilthead seabream, when a proper mineral dietary integration is considered. Finally, new studies should be carried out for further optimize nutritional traits of the diets alternative to commercial feeds, and properly assess their sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 742789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advancements in aquaculture genetics","authors":"José M. Yáñez ,&nbsp;Roberto Neira ,&nbsp;Diogo T. Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Delphine Lallias ,&nbsp;Peng Xu ,&nbsp;Dean R. Jerry","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 742781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture performance and physiology of triploid eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in their northern range","authors":"Thomas Kiffney ,&nbsp;Romain Lavaud ,&nbsp;Paul Rawson ,&nbsp;Gary H. Wikfors ,&nbsp;Damian C. Brady","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triploid oysters have become a crucial tool for aquaculture because of their rapid growth rates and reduced reproduction compared to diploids. While extensively adopted in temperate regions along the U.S. East Coast, limited research has evaluated triploid oyster performance in the colder waters of the Northwest Atlantic where the growing season is shorter. This study investigated the growth performance, morphology, and physiology of cultured triploid and diploid <em>Crassostrea virginica</em> in their northern range. Environmental conditions as well as oyster shell and tissue growth were monitored over a 17-month period at two farm sites in Maine. Triploids averaged 22 % greater for shell height and 53 % greater for tissue mass compared to diploids. The effects of ploidy and environmental factors (temperature, chlorophyll-a, and particulate organic matter) on shell growth were examined using generalized additive models. Triploids exhibited a significant growth advantage in temperatures above 17 °C and at higher food concentrations with minimal advantage outside these conditions. In a laboratory experiment, tissue loss and oxygen consumption rates were examined over a ten-week period along with cell size measurements. Although triploids had larger cell sizes, standardized oxygen consumption rates during starvation did not differ significantly between ploidies, suggesting similar maintenance needs after contributions to feeding, growth, and reproduction are removed. Diploids, however, experienced faster tissue loss during starvation, indicating potential energetic disadvantages. These findings highlight the culture potential of triploid <em>C. virginica</em> in their northern range, provide insight into optimal environmental conditions for triploid advantage, and contribute to refining mechanistic triploid oyster growth models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 742788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic analysis of the cystatin gene family: From whole-genome identification to immunological role validation in silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus)","authors":"Yadong Xue ,&nbsp;Ping Han ,&nbsp;Dianyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhennan Sun ,&nbsp;Xiumei Liu ,&nbsp;Yajun Wang ,&nbsp;Suming Zhou ,&nbsp;Jing Chang ,&nbsp;Xubo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystatins play a crucial role in regulating cysteine protease activity and immune responses. However, systematic studies on these proteins in silver pomfret (<em>Pampus argenteus</em>) remain limited. In this study, eight <em>cystatin</em> genes (<em>Pacystatin A</em>, <em>Pacystatin B</em>, <em>Pacystatin C</em>, <em>Pacystatin F</em>, <em>Pacystatin F2</em>, <em>Pacystatin</em>, <em>kininogen1</em>, and <em>kininogen2</em>) were identified and analyzed in silver pomfret. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that <em>Pacystatin</em> genes were highly conserved during evolution, while gene structure and motif analysis demonstrated their high similarity within the same subfamily. <em>Pacystatin</em> genes were detected in various tissues, which displayed tissue-specific expression patterns. Following <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> (<em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>) infection, <em>Pacystatin</em> genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in the liver, kidney, and gills, suggesting their diverse roles in host defense. Furthermore, recombinant PaCystatin C and PaCystatin F significantly inhibited papain activity in vitro and effectively suppressed the growth of <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Edwardsiella tarda</em>. Notably, rPaCystatin C and rPaCystatin F retained their functionality under high-temperature conditions, which highlighted their potential application as antimicrobial additives in aquaculture feed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 742787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate inclusion on growth performance and fillet quality of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed low fishmeal based diets","authors":"Chaoqing Wei ,&nbsp;Zhenxia Su ,&nbsp;Cancan Xia ,&nbsp;Lu Li ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Song ,&nbsp;Hua Mu ,&nbsp;Hanliang Cheng ,&nbsp;Jianhe Xu ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Dong ,&nbsp;Binlun Yan ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been shown to improve animal growth and muscle quality. An 8-week feeding trial was thus performed to investigate whether HMB supplementation could improve the growth and fillet quality in olive flounder <em>Paralichthys olivaceus</em> fed low fishmeal based diets. Fish (body weight: 1.29 ± 0.00 g) were fed a fishmeal-based diet (named FM diet containing 60 % fishmeal), a low fishmeal based diet (named SM diet, 36 % fishmeal was replaced by soybean meal based on the FM diet) and the SM diet supplemented with 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 % and 0.4 % β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate calcium (named SMH0.05, SMH0.1, SMH0.2 and SMH0.4 diets respectively). Results showed that weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed FM were significantly higher than those of the SM and HMB-supplemented groups. These parameters in the SMH0.1, SMH0.2 and SMH0.4 groups were significantly enhanced than in fish fed SM with the highest values observed in the SMH0.2 group. Fish fed SMH0.2 and FM shared similar feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) which were significantly higher than those of the SM and SMH0.05 groups. Meanwhile, fish fed SM displayed significantly lower fillet hardness, springiness and chewiness, while higher muscle liquid loss and water loss than those of the FM group. Inclusion of 0.2 % and 0.4 % HMB significantly increased above texture parameters of fish fed SM, though these values still did not reach to levels achieved in the FM group. But muscle liquid loss and water loss were both reduced to levels similar as those in fish fed FM by supplementing 0.2 % and 0.4 % HMB. Myofiber density and sarcomere length of fillet in the SMH0.2 group were significantly elevated than in fish fed SM, although these values were still significantly lower than in the FM group. Moreover, fish fed SM exhibited significantly lower expression of myogenic regulatory factors (<em>myf5</em>, <em>myod</em> and <em>mrf4</em>) and protein synthesis-related factors (<em>igf1</em>, <em>pi3k</em>, <em>akt</em>, <em>tor</em>, <em>s6</em>, P-TOR and P<img>S6), while higher transcriptions of protein degradation-related genes (<em>foxo1</em>, <em>murf-1</em> and <em>mafbx</em>) in muscle than those of the FM group. However, HMB inclusion in SM diet restored the expression of above genes and proteins to some extent with the maxima or minima found in the SMH0.2 group. In conclusion, dietary HMB improved growth and fillet texture of olive flounder fed low fishmeal based diets. The appropriate HMB level in SM diet for olive flounder was estimated to be 0.2 % based on the growth and feed performance parameters (WGR, SGR, FER and PER).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"609 ","pages":"Article 742790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}