Applied Water Science最新文献

{"title":"Insight into membrane fouling and purification performance of aquaculture wastewater using combined microalgae and dynamic membrane","authors":"Weiwei Huang,&nbsp;Quan Yuan,&nbsp;Hang Yang,&nbsp;Yuning Zhang,&nbsp;Wenzong Zhou,&nbsp;Weiwei Lv,&nbsp;Huaqiang Chu","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02539-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02539-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the purification and membrane filtration performance of aquaculture wastewater by diatomite dynamic membrane (DDM) and <i>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</i> under the conditions and presence of heavy metal zinc, and the membrane fouling mechanism was also examined by the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) theory. The results indicated that low zinc (&lt; 1 mg/L) in aquaculture wastewater promoted the algal biomass, protein content, and macromolecular organics in extracellular organic matter (EOM) during algal purification process, and the filtration flux and membrane fouling induced were also the least. For the zinc of high concentration (&gt; 0.5 mg/L), it not only produced negative effects on algal growth, the membrane fouling induced during algal harvesting was also serious. Zinc of 0.5 mg/L was more facilitated for the algae concentration effects than the other zinc treatments. DDM fouling mechanism suggested that although there exists an attractive cohesion free energy for algae under low-zinc treatment (&lt; 1 mg/L), the filtration flux decreased gradually due to repulsive adhesion free energy between membrane and foulants as well as weak cohesion free energy between foulants and foulants. However, for algae under higher-zinc treatments (&gt; 0.5 mg/L), the membrane fouling intensified dramatically because of both enhanced attractive adhesion free energy between membrane and foulants and increased cohesion free energy between foulants and foulants. These results had notable effects on aquaculture wastewater treatment, especially for aquaculture wastewater containing various zinc concentrations using combined microalgae and DDM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02539-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the concentration of heavy metals and their health risk assessment in the water resources of northwestern Iran","authors":"Ali Noormohammadi,&nbsp;Ahamad Mokhtari,&nbsp;Mehdi Vosoughi,&nbsp;Abdollah Dargahi,&nbsp;Mehdi Fazlzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02550-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02550-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The presence of heavy metals in water sources is a serious threat to the health of consumers in terms of the possibility of various diseases related to the consumption of contaminated water. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the concentration of heavy metals and assessing their health risk in water resources of Ardabil province. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 150 samples were prepared from different water sources of Ardabil province in 2021 and 2022 years and were analyzed by ICP-MS according to the standard methods. In the present study, composite sampling method was used. The average concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb were compared with three standards (National Standard 1053 of Iran, WHO and USEPA). Also, health risk assessment was done for two age groups of children and adults based on USEPA criteria. The results showed that the highest and lowest average concentrations of metals in the locations of springs, wells, inlets and outlets of water treatment plants and distribution networks are respectively for arsenic and copper metals, and in rivers, it is related to iron and zinc. Considering the percentage of metal concentrations compared to their standards, in general, the highest and lowest average concentrations of metals in underground, surface water sources and distribution networks in the whole province of Ardabil were related to arsenic and copper metals, respectively. Also, in autumn, winter and summer, the highest concentration of metals was related to arsenic and the lowest was related to copper. The total non-carcinogenic risk for children was 2.36, and it was 1.011 for adults, and the total carcinogenic risk in underground, surface water sources and distribution networks were more than 10&lt;sup&gt;–4&lt;/sup&gt;. The amount of contamination of water sources in the northern rivers of Ardabil province with the As, Pb, Hg, Mn and Fe was higher than the amount of national and international standards. However, in the rivers of the central and western regions of this province, only the concentration of arsenic was higher than the standards. Among the springs of the entire province, the concentration of heavy metals in the springs of the east and southwest regions were within the standard range, but the concentration of arsenic in them was more than the standard. The possibility of noncancerous diseases in both the adult and children age groups of the study population is high, and the risk of diseases in children is higher than in adults. The probability of carcinogenicity of water consumption with the monitored concentration of arsenic metal in the studied area has a high risk. According to the average of all monitored metal concentrations, there is a possibility of carcinogenicity in different degrees in all water sources. Therefore, conducting continuous monitoring studies to determine the incidence and prevalence of diseases related to these metals, especially arsenic, s","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02550-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A field study on replacing traditional flood irrigation of sugarcane crop in upper Egypt with drip irrigation technique","authors":"Mohamed A. Ashour,&nbsp;Yasser M. Ali,&nbsp;Ahmed E. Hasan,&nbsp;Tarek S. Abu-Zaid","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02554-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02554-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study assesses the agronomic and economic advantages of replacing traditional flood irrigation with drip irrigation for sugarcane cultivation in water-scarce Upper Egypt. Confronting severe water shortages and inefficient conventional practices, we conducted a three-year comparative field study assessing crop yields and water use efficiency. The results reveal that drip irrigation improves water-use efficiency by 44% and increases sugarcane yields by 22% relative to flood irrigation, while also elevating net profits by 50%. Drip irrigation demonstrated an average efficiency of 85–90%, compared to 50–60% for flood irrigation. These findings underscore the dual benefits of drip irrigation in addressing water scarcity and enhancing agricultural productivity. The study provides compelling empirical evidence supporting drip irrigation as a sustainable solution for arid regions. To ensure long-term water resource sustainability and food security, we urge policymakers and agricultural stakeholders to prioritize large-scale adoption of drip irrigation systems through targeted investments and policy interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02554-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architecting diverse carbonous nanocomposites of Sr2V2O7 for enhanced photodegradation potential of organic pollutants: sonochemical synthesis, characterization, optimization of conditions and mechanisms","authors":"Hajar Jafari,&nbsp;Rozita Monsef,&nbsp;Elmuez A. Dawi,&nbsp;Forat H. Alsultany,&nbsp;Rouhollah Mirzaei,&nbsp;Masoud Salavati-Niasari","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02534-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02534-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study equips sonochemical synthesis of Sr₂V₂O₇ (SVO) nanoparticles with carbon coating’s impact to destroy the solutions polluted with hazardous contaminants including rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), and methyl orange (MO) under visible-light radiation. Using diverse amine templates with dual functionality of precipitation/capping agent in sono-reaction, identification techniques exhibited morphologically desirable and triclinic SVO sample in the presence of teta, which had a mean of 72.08 nm and specific surface area of 14.621 m²/g. To minimize charge recombination, increase in surface area/photoactive sites, and shift toward a larger wavelength window, the incorporation of different carbon structures on the SVO surface was perused. Particularly, detailed photodegradation investigations followed the order of MO &lt; MB &lt; RhB with maximum efficiency for binary SVO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites as compared with other as-obtained SVO-based compounds. Photo-operational variables in starting RhB concentration and catalyst dosage offered that 89.39% degradation could result in 50 mg of SVO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites and 10 ppm dye within 120 min of visible irradiation. High photo-durability of resultant SVO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites showed five time regeneration process with only 14.39% reduction in activity. It is hoped that the effectiveness of the photocatalytic heterostructure’s design based on SVO nanoparticles and g-C₃N₄ nanosheets could be contributed in regulating the interface charge transfer pathway for environmental clean-up.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02534-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective elimination of indigo carmine in wastewater using green nanostructured modified biochar: optimization, sorption equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanisms","authors":"Mai ElKammah,&nbsp;Elsayed Elkhatib,&nbsp;Maneea Moubarak","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02556-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02556-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research examined the application of nano-activated biochar (nMOSAB) produced from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> seeds (MOS) as an adsorbent for the removal of indigo carmine (IC) dye. The synthesis of nMOSAB involved grinding techniques combined with thermal pyrolysis at temperatures exceeding 600 °C, resulting in the formation of nano-sized biochar particles. The adsorption data were evaluated using the Langmuir model for equilibrium and the pseudo-second-order model for kinetics. The nano-biochar exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 344.8 mg g⁻¹. In comparison with bulk biochar particles, the adsorption capacity of nMOSAB was found to be 9.5 times greater. The high adsorption capacity can be attributed to various chemical interactions during the adsorption process, such as π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the adsorption process is both spontaneous and exothermic. Through traditional batch tests and a packed-bed system, the effectiveness of nMOSAB for the removal of IC from actual wastewater was determined to be 91.6% and 89.6%, respectively. This research clearly demonstrated the capability of nano-biochar derived from <i>M</i>. <i>oleifera</i> seeds to serve as an efficient, eco-friendly, and economical adsorbent for the removal of IC dyes from wastewater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02556-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of hydrogeological, well logs and machine learning in predicting the aquifer hydraulic properties in arid regions: a case study of Nubian Sandstone aquifer, Farafra Oasis, Egypt","authors":"Ahmed Nosair,&nbsp;Muhammad Nabih,&nbsp;Ahmed Bakry","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02547-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02547-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In hydrogeology, assessing key aquifer hydraulic parameters such as transmissivity (T), hydraulic conductivity (K), and porosity (PHIE) is crucial for effective groundwater management. Traditionally, these parameters are obtained through pumping tests and well log data. However, porosity logs are often lacking in most groundwater wells. While neutron density logs are commonly used for porosity estimation, our study uniquely employs resistivity logs to calculate porosity due to the scarcity of recorded logs in groundwater exploration. Consequently, this research aims to use conventional well log and hydrogeological data to predict T, K, and PHIE using machine learning (ML) algorithms, including random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), linear regression (LR), and support vector machines (SVM). This methodology is applied as a case study in the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer (NSA) in Farafra Oasis, Egypt. Firstly, T and k values were determined by analysis of the long duration pumping test records for ten wells penetrated the NSA. The performance of the ML algorithms in predicting transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity was rigorously evaluated using test wells. The RF model demonstrated superior accuracy, with predicted values of T and K being 113.11 m²/h and 0.2271 m/h in well W-6, and 104.15 m²/h and 0.1867 m/h in well W-8, respectively. The close agreement among actual and predicted values underscores the RF model’s reliability in estimating these parameters, effectively identifying the fundamental trends within the dataset. For porosity prediction, the RF and GB models exhibited excellent correlation with log-derived PHIE, achieving correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. In contrast, the LR model showed acceptable performance, while the SVM model had comparatively lower correlation. These findings highlight the potential of ML models, particularly RF and GB, in accurately predicting key aquifer hydraulic parameters, thereby enhancing the understanding and management of the groundwater aquifers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02547-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green adsorbent from maize biomass for mercury capture: insights from sorption modeling and thermodynamic analysis","authors":"Jonas Bayuo,&nbsp;Mwemezi J. Rwiza,&nbsp;Emmanuel O. Oyelude,&nbsp;Kelvin Mark Mtei,&nbsp;Joon Weon Choi","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02546-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02546-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adsorption isotherms and kinetics modeling, as well as thermodynamic analysis, are useful in providing insight into the nature and mechanisms of the adsorption process. The present study investigated the interactive behavior and mechanisms of mercury ions removal using activated carbon produced from maize biomass (bio-adsorbent). To determine the mechanism of mercury removal from the aqueous system using the activated carbon, the equilibrium adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies were performed using the batch technique. Among all the isotherm models analyzed, the Langmuir isotherm model best correlated with the equilibrium sorption data of Hg(II) attained by the bio-adsorbent with a high correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The Langmuir maximum monolayer sorption capacity attained by the bio-adsorbent was 112.46 mg/g, and the dimensionless separation factor (<span>({R}_{text{L}}))</span> was in the range of <span>(0.00&lt;{R}_{text{L}}&gt;1.00)</span> indicating favorable biosorption. The pseudo-second-order model well fitted the experimental data of Hg(II) better than the other kinetic models with a high correlation coefficient of 0.9712, which is close to unity with an uptake capacity of 82.10 mg/g. The negative values of <span>(Delta G^{0})</span> obtained from all the temperature ranges of 283–358 K indicate the spontaneous nature of Hg(II) ions removal from the adsorption system by the bio-adsorbent. The positive value of + 24.86 kJ/mol and + 8.13 kJ/mol attained for <span>(Delta H^{0})</span> and <span>(Delta S^{0})</span>, respectively, indicates endothermic adsorption and an upsurge in disorder during the adsorptive removal of Hg(II) ions. Therefore, the study found that the activated carbon not only interacted well with the Hg(II) species in the aqueous solutions but also had a high uptake capacity. Hence, the bio-adsorbent is promising and could efficiently be applied for heavy metal remediation in aquatic environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02546-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the yield and green water footprint of rainfed wheat based on remote sensing and machine learning","authors":"Mojgan Ahmadi,&nbsp;Hadi Ramezani Etedali,&nbsp;Abbass Kaviani,&nbsp;Alireza Tavakoli","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02542-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02542-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research, the relationship between remote sensing drought indices NDVI, EVI, SAVI, and LAI with the yield and green water footprint (WF) of rainfed wheat in 5 fields in Saqqez City (2001–2020) was investigated using multivariate regression (MR), random forest (RF), and support vector regression (SVR) methods. Wheat yield of the fields)2001–2020) was simulated with the AquaCrop model. The results showed a high coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) (<i>R</i>² = 0.97) between the yield simulated by the AquaCrop model and the observed yield of the fields. The high Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) (0.86) and a small amount of underestimation in the calibration step showed the model has a suitable estimation. Results showed that in the simulation of the yield of rainfed wheat, the RF method had a high correlation, NSE was close to one, and root mean square error (RMSE) was less than 0.2 (ton/ha) and had good accuracy. The relationship between the remote sensing drought indices and the green WF of rainfed wheat, as shown by the results, is that the R² varies between 0.87 and 0.73. The RMSE was between 0.13 and 0.1 (m³/ton) in different testing steps and the NSE was close to one. The relationship between WF climate variables and yield was examined. Results showed evapotranspiration (ET) and maximum temperature (Tmax) directly affected the green WF of rainfed wheat. The results showed that the RF method had a good estimate of the green WF of rainfed wheat. There is a significant relationship between the remote sensing drought indices and the green WF of rainfed wheat in the study area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02542-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streamflow drought index-based prediction of hydrological drought using M5P and gene expression programming models","authors":"Balraj Singh,&nbsp;Priya Rai,&nbsp;Sandeep Singh,&nbsp;Gadug Sudhamsu,&nbsp;Pooja Rani,&nbsp;Lamjed Mansour,&nbsp;Krishna Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Jeong Ryeol Choi,&nbsp;Mohamed Elsahabi,&nbsp;Anurag Malik","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02417-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02417-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrological drought is one of the complex natural phenomena affecting the surface water resources. Thus, reliable prediction of hydrological drought is crucial for effective planning and management of available water resources on a basin scale. In the present study, hydrological drought was predicted at Naula and Kedar stations using two data-driven models including the M5P tree and gene expression programming (GEP) based on streamflow drought index (SDI). The nomination of the significant inputs (lags) was done based on partial auto-correlation function (PACF) analysis of SDI6 and SDI9, and the same was supplied to the M5P and GEP models for drought prediction at Naula and Kedar stations, located in Naula watershed, Uttarakhand State (India). The predictive output of the data-driven models (M5P and GEP) was compared with actual values of SDI6 and SDI9 based on statistical indicators including mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of correlation (COC), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). Also, the scattered and temporal-variation diagrams, Taylor diagram, and box plot were created for the visual interpretation. The appraisal of results showed that the M5P model performed better for SDI6 (MAE = 0.235, 0.201; RMSE = 0.345, 0.274; NSE = 0.820, 0.661; COC = 0.911, 0.849) and SDI9 (MAE = 0.175, 0.158; RMSE = 0.265, 0.211; NSE = 0.905, 0.767; COC = 0.953, 0.903) prediction at Kedar and Naula stations, respectively. The findings of this study can be useful for decision-makers and hydrologists in formulating drought mitigation plans and risk management strategies for sustainable water resources management in the study catchment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02417-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New improvement ion exchange treatment method for drinking water in Juybar City, Iran","authors":"Yasin Nasrollahi,&nbsp;Mojtaba Khoshravesh,&nbsp;Ghasem Aghajani Mazandarani","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02551-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02551-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the high cost of water refinement by chemicals, refinement is very important with low-cost methods. By promoting for cost-effective strategies, communities and regions can enhance their ability to address the increasing need for clean water while reducing the financial burden associated with traditional chemical treatments. This study evaluated the performance and efficiency of four strong acid cation exchange resins (Purolite C100, Purolite C100E, Trilite SCR-B, and Dowex Marathon C) in softening drinking water sourced from the Zoghal Manzel water station in Juybar City, Iran. A factorial experimental design was used to assess the effectiveness of these resins in removing calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions, with varying resin volumes of 3, 5, 8, and 10 L tested to evaluate the impact of resin quantity on ion removal efficiency. The study also examined the resins’ effects on key water quality parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. Results showed that the Trilite SCR-B resin exhibited the highest efficiency in removing calcium and magnesium ions compared to the other resins. Specifically, at a pH of 6.63, the Trilite SCR-B resin reduced calcium hardness to 36.66 mg/l and magnesium hardness to 15.86 mg/l, both of which fall within acceptable drinking water standards (pH 6.5–8.5). Additionally, Trilite SCR-B significantly decreased EC from 884.33 µmho/cm to 485.67 µmho/cm, TDS from 596.17 to 241.7 mg/l, and turbidity to 0.69 NTU, confirming its superior effectiveness. Statistical analysis revealed that both resin type and volume were significant factors affecting performance; larger resin volumes provided greater contact surface area and increased adsorption capacity. Notably, 10 L of Trilite SCR-B resin removed 84.78% of calcium and 80.56% of magnesium ions, establishing it as the most efficient resin in this study. While Purolite C100E and Dowex Marathon C also demonstrated good performance, the highest ion removal rates were consistently observed with Trilite SCR-B. In summary, the findings advocate for the use of Trilite SCR-B resin as a highly efficient and cost-effective method for water softening. Its excellent performance in reducing water hardness and improving overall water quality makes it particularly suitable for regions with hard water conditions, and it shows considerable potential for broader application in water treatment plants. Continuous monitoring and optimization of resin types and volumes are recommended to maintain low turbidity and ensure compliance with safe drinking water standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02551-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}