确定控制埃及东尼罗河三角洲地区地表水和地下水化学特性及适宜性的因素

IF 5.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES
Alaa Ahmed, Dalal Alshamsi, Hasan Arman, Abdulaziz M. Abdulaziz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在埃及的东尼罗河三角洲地区,水资源短缺是一个主要问题,因为观察到第四纪浅层含水层的地下水位持续下降,同时地下水质量也在恶化。本研究的目的是确定控制水质的过程,主要与研究地区的盐度来源和饮用和灌溉目的的适宜性有关。为了实现这一目标,对19个地表水和110个地下水样品进行了物理参数(TDS、pH、温度和EC)和主要离子(Na、Ca、K、Mg、Cl、SO4和HCO3)的分析,并进行了空间和多元统计分析。总溶解固形物(TDS)和大部分主要化学离子的地理空间分布在研究区北部和东北部呈明显的增加趋势。Gibbs图和Piper图表明,水化学主要受风化和水岩相互作用的影响,而地球化学演化结果显示碳酸盐和硅酸盐的溶解和沉淀、离子交换过程、溶解的蒸发岩矿物和人为活动。然而,地表水和地下水的地球化学过程是不同的。此外,利用因子分析法对化学数据进行分析,找出影响水质变化的最重要因素。地表水和地下水化学变化的三个主要因子分别占总方差的92.47%和80.95%,其中第一个因子(地表水和地下水分别占53.79%和54.08%)代表自然风化和盐积累,第二个因子(两种水分别占28.60%和13.52%)代表农业活动。第三个因子(两种水分别为10.9%和13.89%)是溶解过程的贡献。结果还表明,66.3%的样本属于优秀类别,16.4%的样本被认为是良好的,11.8%的样本被怀疑,5.5%的样本不适合。在地表水方面,89.5%被评为优秀,10.5%被评为灌溉良好,因为它们的钠含量和盐度很高。研究结果为区域水资源的可持续利用提供了依据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Identifying the factors controlling surface water and groundwater chemical characteristics and suitability in the East Nile Delta Region, Egypt

In the East Nile Delta Region, Egypt, water scarcity is a major concern, as the shallow Quaternary aquifer has been observed to experience a persistent decline in groundwater levels alongside a deterioration in groundwater quality. The present study was carried out to identify the processes that control water quality mainly in relation to salinity sources and the suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in the study area. To achieve this aim, 19 surface water and 110 groundwater samples were analyzed for physical parameters (TDS, pH, temperature, and EC), major ions (Na, Ca, K, Mg, Cl, SO4, and HCO3) along with spatial and multivariate statistical analysis. The geospatial distribution of the total dissolved solids (TDS) and majority of the major chemical ions show an evident increase toward the north and northeast parts of the study area. Graphical methods using Gibbs plot and Piper diagram showed that water chemistry was mainly affected by weathering and water rock interaction while the geochemical evolution results revealed the dissolution and precipitation of carbonates and silicates, ion exchange processes, dissolved evaporite minerals, and anthropogenic activities. Still, the geochemical processes of surface water and groundwater were different. Additionally, the chemical data were analyzed using factor analysis to identify the most important factors influencing the variation in water quality. In the present study, three main factors explaining 92.47 and 80.95% of the total variance were identified as responsible for the surface water and groundwater chemistry variations from which the first factor (53.79% and 54.08% for surface water and groundwater, respectively), represented a natural weathering and salt accumulations, the second factor (28.60 and 13.52% for both waters) constituted agricultural activities, and the third factor (10.9 and 13.89% for the two types of water) is a contribution from dissolution processes. The results also indicated that 66.3% of the samples fell into the excellent category, 16.4% were considered good, 11.8% were doubtful, and 5.5% were unsuitable. In terms of surface water, 89.5% were classified as excellent, with 10.5% rated as good for irrigation, because of their high sodium levels and salinity. The study results provide a basis for the sustainable utilization of regional water resources.

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来源期刊
Applied Water Science
Applied Water Science WATER RESOURCES-
CiteScore
9.90
自引率
3.60%
发文量
268
审稿时长
13 weeks
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