Annals Of Work Exposures and Health最新文献

{"title":"Respirable dust and respirable crystalline silica exposures among workers at stone countertop fabrication shops in Georgia from 2017 through 2023.","authors":"Jhy-Charm Soo, Jenny Houlroyd, Hilarie Warren, Brandon J Philpot, Sean Castillo","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This longitudinal study examines the severity of worker exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) and respirable dust and demonstrates the need for increased education and implementation of both appropriate engineering controls and respiratory protection (RP) programs for stone fabricator shops, given the growing global number of accelerated silicosis cases associated with the fabrication of engineered stone (ES) countertops.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Personal air sampling results and detailed job description notes obtained from 17 industrial hygiene air sampling visits conducted at 11 stone fabrication facilities between 2017 and 2023 in Georgia were used to align similar exposure groups (SEGs) for tasks for workers performing stone fabrication. Bayesian decision analysis was used to determine appropriate RP selection recommendations for the 4 proposed SEGs: SEG1-Support, SEG2-Automated Tool Operator, SEG 3-Small Tool Operator, and SEG 4-Fabrication/Lamination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis concluded that all employees in stone fabrication shops that process ES should wear a respirator with a minimum assigned protection factor (APF) of 10, regardless of the engineering controls in place. For SEG 4, it is recommended that workers use respirators with an APF between 50 and 1,000. Among the 75 full-shift personal air samples for RCS dust, 41 samples (53%) exceeded the permissible exposure limit of 50 µg/m³.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to present the 4 SEG categories with sampling data to support the importance of including all employees (even support workers) in RP programs, exposure monitoring, and medical surveillance.</p><p><strong>Recommendation and implications: </strong>Employers, occupational health professionals, and inspectors may use these SEG categories and corresponding RP recommendations to determine if employees have received appropriate RP for workers at stone countertop fabrication shops.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"473-485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12208359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Platform for Occupational Hygiene Workshop: Towards a Common Competence Framework in Occupational Hygiene.","authors":"Alessandro Sassi, Karen Bufton, Rudolf van der Haar","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EPOH is the European Platform for Occupational Hygiene, the association that unites national occupational hygiene associations in Europe. The objective of EPOH is to improve, promote, and develop the professional practice of occupational hygiene. In turn, occupational hygiene is the discipline dedicated to anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling health hazards in the working environment. This commentary describes a workshop conducted in June 2024 and its outcome, regarding the development of a European Occupational Hygiene Competency Framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"459-460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behaviour in the workplace and monitoring data on occupational oral exposure to hazardous substances as prerequisites for the development of a model on occupational oral exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Marlene Dietz, Anke Kahl, Urs Schlüter","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The assessment of the overall exposure of workers to hazardous substances is fundamental for their comprehensive protection. This includes oral exposure to hazardous substances, which can be relevant for total exposure depending on the specific workplace and substance. However, monitoring and available modelling approaches for a sound assessment of this exposure pathway are limited. The development of an occupational oral exposure assessment model requires knowledge of the contributing mechanisms, including worker behaviour and occupational hygiene practice. In addition, monitoring data on occupational oral exposure are a prerequisite for the evaluation of an exposure model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA method. Studies describing behaviours and occupational hygiene practices with regard to oral occupational exposure, and studies including measured data sets for the model evaluation were identified. The included data were then extracted and evaluated in a meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>142 studies addressing oral occupational exposure were identified in the area of behaviour and occupational hygiene. Frequencies of hygiene practices were aggregated. The influence of worker training was investigated and the controllability of individual behaviour was described qualitatively. For the model evaluation, 9 publications were identified that included monitoring data for oral occupational exposure. These publications use 5 different sampling approaches and describe 4 different substance groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The systematic literature search on behaviour and occupational hygiene provides a partly quantitative basis for the model-based description of occupational oral exposure to hazardous substances. Oral exposure to hazardous substances cannot be prevented by good occupational hygiene practices alone, as a relevant part of the causal personal behaviour (eg touching the own face) is subconscious and can therefore not be avoided completely. The identified database serves as a basis for the later model evaluation. The usability of the data sets depends on whether the future model input parameters are documented in the studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"461-472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of 7 urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during a wildfire response as part of the Wildland Firefighter Exposure and Health Effects Study.","authors":"Alexander C Mayer, Kenneth W Fent, I-Chen Chen, Kathleen Navarro DuBose, Corey R Butler, Molly West, Antonia M Calafat, Julianne Cook Botelho, Christine Toennis, Juliana Meadows, Deborah Sammons","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occupation of firefighting, including wildland firefighting, has been classified as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Wildland firefighters (WFFs) can be exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in wildfire smoke, some of which are known or probable carcinogens. Currently, there is no approved respiratory protection for WFFs against wildfire smoke, making inhalation exposure to PAHs a health concern. Recent studies have also highlighted the risk of dermal exposure to PAHs for WFFs due to factors like elevated skin temperature, sweat, and the inability to shower or routinely conduct good skin hygiene practices during wildfire incidents. This pilot study aimed to assess PAH exposure among 19 WFFs in different job positions during a wildfire incident by determining urine concentrations of 7 PAH metabolites in samples collected before and after shifts across 3 days. Overall, we observed increases from pre- to post-shift for all 7 PAH metabolites when we combined all WFF samples across the 3 days. When we stratified by job position and by day, concentrations of the PAH metabolites significantly increased from pre- to post-shift for 88% (37/42) of the comparisons (P-values <0.05). Additionally, median post-shift creatinine-corrected concentrations of 2-hydroxynaphthalene exceeded the 95th percentile of the nonsmoking US general population in 67% (4/6) of comparisons. Post-shift concentrations of hydroxynaphthalenes also exceeded concentrations measured in structural firefighters responding to training fires. Overall, 2-hydroxynaphthalene was highest on Day 2 (median creatinine-corrected concentrations of 2-hydroxynaphthalene from pre- to post-shift increased 425% for crew member/overhead; 146% for saw team). Despite this finding, we did not observe significant differences by job position. However, future studies could evaluate how job position affects WFF exposures while also exploring how dermal and inhalation contribute to WFFs' PAH exposure burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"559-567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of occupational testicular radiation exposure with offspring sex ratio.","authors":"Yasukazu Hijikata, Tsukasa Kamitani, Yosuke Yamamoto, Takahiro Itaya, Yoshinori Matsuoka, Koichi Morota, Haruki Funao, Masayuki Miyagi, Tadatsugu Morimoto, Haruo Kanno, Akinobu Suzuki, Yoshihisa Kotani, Ken Ishii","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae093","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxae093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The association between paternal occupational radiation exposure and the sex ratio of offspring remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to explore testicular radiation exposure in spine surgeons and its association with their offspring's sex ratio.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Minimally Invasive Spine Treatment Society in Japan administered a survey in October 2020. Male surgeons were divided into high- and low-radiation exposure groups according to the type of lead protectors used during the time frame surrounding the child's conception. Apron-type lead protectors were associated with high exposure, while no radiation or using a coat-type protector was considered low exposure. Risk ratios were calculated via generalized estimating equations with a log link binomial distribution. A secondary analysis was conducted wherein the high-exposure group was further divided into 2 categories based on whether they were in a posture that facilitated exposure during the procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 209 male surgeons participated, providing responses regarding 436 children, of which 308 and 128 were associated with high and low radiation exposure, respectively. There were more female children in the high-exposure group (53% versus 39%). The adjusted risk ratio for the child being female with high exposure was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.73). A dose-response relationship was observed: the adjusted risk ratios for high exposure with and without an exposure-prone posture were 1.36 (1.04 to 1.78) and 1.30 (0.96 to 1.78), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High radiation exposure to the testes is associated with a lower male-sex ratio in offspring. Medical professionals using radiation should ensure proper radiation protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"544-552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure to bioaerosols in the Norwegian salmon processing industry.","authors":"Marte Renate Thomassen, Bjørg Eli Hollund, Türküler Özgümüs, Anne Mette Madsen, Anna Beate Overn Nordhammer, Hans Thore Smedbold, Magne Bråtveit, Anje Christina Höper, Berit Bang, Miriam Grgic, Maja Karlsen Linchausen, Jorunn Kirkeleit","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaf038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Workers in salmon processing plants are at risk of respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to describe the Norwegian salmon processing industry in respect to production-related factors that may influence the generation of bioaerosols in the work atmosphere, and to assess salmon processing workers' personal exposure to protein and endotoxin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprised 222 workers from 9 plants. Fullshift personal exposure measurements of total protein (inhalable aerosol fraction, n = 380) and endotoxin (total aerosol sampler, n = 178) were collected on 4 consecutive workdays. Technical and process-related information was collected through plant visits and meetings with technical and production staff. Linear mixed-effect model was used, treating individuals as random effect and work area and work task within areas as fixed effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plants differed in size, setup, processing procedures, and use of labor along the processing lines. Salmon processing overall geometric mean (GM) exposure to inhalable protein across the plants was highest in filleting area with 4.83 µg/m3 (geometric standard deviation [GSD] 3.16), followed by 3.91 µg/m3 (GSD 2.42) in slaughtering area, and 1.68 µg/m3 (GSD 2.40) in other areas. Endotoxin levels were generally low with the highest levels in slaughtering (GM 0.24 EU/m3; GSD 3.48), followed by other area (GM 0.19 EU/m3; GSD 4.05) and filleting (GM 0.10 EU/m3; GSD 2.51). The overall correlation between inhalable protein and endotoxin (total aerosol sampler) was poor (r = 0.13, P = 0.12).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Salmon processing workers are exposed to airborne inhalable protein bioaerosols at levels similar to those measured over a decade ago, indicating that a systematic approach to reduce exposure levels is still needed. Given the known health risk, the industry and regulatory bodies need to intensify efforts to reduce exposure and protect workers' health. The variance in exposure levels to inhalable protein across plants, areas, and tasks might form the basis for better exposure-reducing strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contamination of firefighters' merino wool and mixed fibre sweater and hood undergarments with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.","authors":"Cecilie Rosting, Hilde P Notø, Dag G Ellingsen, Thea H Johansen, Raymond Olsen","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaf031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several authors have studied contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found on the outer gears of firefighters, but to our knowledge, none have investigated merino wool and mixed fibre undergarments used underneath the protective turnout gear. We therefore performed a comprehensive study regarding selected PAHs in pieces cut out from different areas of firefighter's sweaters and hood used in real fires and laundered after each use.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Hoods (38) and sweaters (58) were donated by 3 fire departments and from these garments 558 pieces of fabric were cut out. Extracts of the fabric pieces were analysed by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection for 7 PAHs: anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene. In addition, a small study was performed to examine the removal of PAHs from sweaters during laundry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trace amounts of anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were detected both in merino wool and mixed fibre sweaters and hoods with highest concentrations for the hoods and lowest for the back of the sweaters. Highest concentration was found for the forehead position of the hoods. Significantly higher concentrations of PAHs were found in both hoods and sweaters containing the textile meta-aramid. Laundering reduced the amount of PAHs-in the sweaters but not completely.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trace levels of benzo[a]pyrene and 3 other PAHs could be found in firefighters routine laundered undergarments. Cleaning reduced the PAH levels but not completely, and textiles with meta-aramid contained more PAHs than those without. Merino wool and mixed fibre undergarments are used in many countries and the results are valuable outside this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of dental dust and aerosol emissions during odontoplasty: assessing potential respiratory health risks.","authors":"Michèle Clarysse, Pieter Bertier, Steven Verpaele, Anne Mette Madsen, Lieven Vlaminck","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaf033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine dental disorders, such as sharp enamel points and focal overgrowths, are common in horses and are often treated with motorized dental grinding tools. These tools, while effective, produce dust and aerosols that may pose health risks to veterinarians and nearby individuals. This study aimed to assess the health risks associated with dental dust and aerosols generated during equine odontoplasty. Using a realistic setup, air concentrations of inhalable and respirable dust, crystalline silica, and airborne microorganisms and endotoxins were measured in 12 groups of horses undergoing odontoplasty with and without water-cooling. Results indicated that dust emission significantly increases during odontoplasty, but the concentrations of inhalable and respirable dust remained below occupational exposure limits. However, airborne microorganisms, including potential pathogenic fungal species and bacteria such as the methicillin-resistant bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, were detected as well as elevated endotoxin levels, suggesting an occupational health risk. Therefore, protective measures, such as wearing FFP3 masks, gloves, and glasses, are recommended during equine odontoplasty.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bus-exposure matrix, a tool to assess bus drivers' exposure to physicochemical hazards.","authors":"Viviane Fiona Mathilde Remy, Giles Innocent, David Vernez, Irina Guseva Canu","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaf036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Swiss bus drivers suffer from musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue, and stress and have an excessive mortality from lung cancer and suicide compared to other workers. However, their occupational exposure is poorly documented. We created a bus-exposure matrix (BEM) to determine occupational exposures to 10 types of physical-chemical hazards for 705 bus models used in Switzerland since 1980. For this, we made a comprehensive bus inventory and review of 50 technical characteristics of each bus model, identified 10 bus models representative of the Swiss bus fleet evolution, and conducted static and dynamic exposure measurement campaigns in the representative buses. The measured values were then extended to the entire fleet using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) models. The choice of predictors and technical bus characteristics included in the models were based on directed acyclic graphs. To demonstrate the usefulness of the BEM as an exposure assessment tool, we used data from the 2022 survey of Swiss bus drivers who listed the bus models they had driven during their careers. The BEM linkage with these bus drivers' histories enabled us to estimate annual exposure to PM10 ratio (-), ultrafine particle ratio (-), whole-body vibration (m/s2), floor vibration (m/s2), equivalent noise (dB(A)), peak noise (dB(C)), high-frequencies electric fields (V/m), low-frequencies magnetic field (µT), low-frequencies electric fields (V/m), and air exchange rate (1/h) of 809 Swiss bus drivers. Historical data assessment from 1985 through 2022 showed that peak noise, high- and low-frequencies electric field levels have increased, while PM10 ratio, ultrafine particle ratio, equivalent noise, whole-body vibration levels, and air exchange rate have decreased. This, first in the world, BEM is an original tool for retrospective exposure assessment that will enable further research in the occupational health of bus drivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure to combustion by-products and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women.","authors":"Kahlila Paul-Cole, France Labrèche, Mark S Goldberg, Sydney Westra, Vikki Ho","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxaf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaf035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the association between lifetime occupational exposure to select combustion by-products and postmenopausal breast cancer (BC) risk.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data from a population-based case-control study among postmenopausal women residing in Montréal, Quebec were used. Cases included 661 women aged between 47 and 75 yr, diagnosed with incident malignant BC between 2008 and 2011. Controls comprised 587 women randomly selected from the Quebec Electoral List, frequency-matched to cases by 5-year age groups. Information on risk factors and lifetime occupational histories was collected by interview. Two industrial hygienists used job histories to assign exposure to 293 agents, including 6 combustion by-products (cooking fumes, diesel engine emissions, leaded and unleaded engine emissions, natural gas combustion products, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC risk, both for all tumours and by tumour molecular subtypes, in relation to occupational exposure to the 6 selected combustion by-products.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No association was observed between occupational exposure to the 6 selected combustion by-products and postmenopausal BC. However, when considering molecular subtypes, women ever occupationally exposed to PAHs had a suggestive higher risk of Luminal B tumours (ORmodel6 = 2.09, 95% CI: 0.87 to 4.60) compared with those never exposed. Additionally, women ever occupationally exposed to cooking fumes compared with those never exposed had a suggestive higher risk of HER2-enriched tumours (ORmodel6 = 2.63, 95% CI: 0.98 to 6.40).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Occupational exposure to the 6 selected combustion by-products was not associated with postmenopausal BC. Suggestive higher risks of certain molecular subtypes of BC were observed with exposure to PAHs and cooking fumes. Future larger studies should consider the role of occupational exposures in the aetiology of BC across different molecular subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}