Annals Of Work Exposures and Health最新文献

{"title":"Methodological considerations in causal machine learning for small-sample exposure determinant modeling.","authors":"Zekai Yu","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxag071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxag071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of noise exposure level and its characteristics in olive oil mills: implications for worker health.","authors":"Nasim Alnuman, Omaimah Ali","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxag077","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxag077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Noise generated in olive oil mills poses a danger to workers' physical health. Although noise exposure levels in olive oil mills are high, few studies have investigated them. This study assessed noise exposure levels in Jordanian olive oil mills, their distribution, and sound characteristic to inform appropriate safety measures for protecting workers' hearing health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sound pressure levels were measured across 6 operational areas: loading area, cleaning units, hammer crusher and malaxer, decanter, centrifugal separator, and offices area. The sound pressure levels were measured alongside C-weighted peak level, percentiles 10 and 90, and maximum and minimum levels with fast-time weighting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Noise exposure levels exceeded international and Jordanian directives upper limit of 85 dB(A), reaching 100 dB(A). Spectral analysis shows dominant sound pressure levels around the 2 and 4 kHz frequencies. None of the employees in the investigated mills wore personal protective equipment (earplugs or earmuffs), and most of them worked 10 to 11 h daily, exposing them to significant risks of noise-induced hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Olive oil mills should take actions to reduce noise using sound-absorbing materials on walls and machine enclosures. There is a concerning lack of awareness regarding noise-related hazards, and awareness campaigns for mill owners and employees are important to drive significant improvements achieving good health and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial cooling while using respiratory protective devices in the cold.","authors":"Jenni Kaisto, Kirsi Jussila, Arto Reiman, Sirkka Rissanen","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxag063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxag063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of respiratory protective devices (RPDs) is essential in various work environments, including those with dust generation. When the work environment is cold, the low ambient temperature can accentuate discomfort from cooling and may influence workers' selection of RPDs, potentially affecting protective efficiency. This study aimed to quantify facial cooling while wearing particle-filtering facepiece respirators in cold conditions. Six different RPDs were selected: two filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), two powered air-purifying respirators with constant airflow (PAPRC) and two breath-responsive air-supplied respirators (PAPRBR). Ten volunteers (six males and four females) participated, using the RPDs during rest and exercise for 40 min at an ambient temperature of -20 °C. Skin temperatures on four areas of the face and the air temperature inside the mask were recorded throughout the test. In addition, accumulated moisture in the facepiece was measured. The mean face skin temperature (MFST) was calculated as the average of the four skin temperatures. The results showed that MFST declined, on average, to 12.9 °C, 17.7 °C and 21.8 °C when PAPRC, PAPRBR and FFR were used, respectively. In conclusion, the use of RPDs in cold conditions presents particular occupational health and safety risks. Moisture retention is high when RPDs are used in cold conditions, and accumulated moisture inside the facepiece may cause discomfort and impair visibility. PAPRC decreases facial skin temperatures to an uncomfortable level, while PAPRBR and FFRs reduce cooling in cold environments. However, the required level of protection should be prioritised, even in cold conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the additional occupational risk for workers with orthopedic implants in MRI settings.","authors":"Luca Zilberti, Alessandro Arduino, Simone Busoni, Vincenzo Camisa, Vittorio Cannatà, Andrea Magistrelli, Vittorio Miele, Nadia Oberhofer, Daniela Origgi, Silvia Pradella, Umberto Zanovello, Oriano Bottauscio","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxag067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxag067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide quantitative information that can aid the relevant authority in deciding whether workers with metallic nonferromagnetic orthopedic implants can work in proximity to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, including when the exam is being performed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Virtual experiments in which the exposure of workers with and without prostheses is evaluated through numerical simulation of realistic human models, with reference to 4 physical effects: radiofrequency (RF)-induced heating, gradient-induced heating, gradient-induced peripheral nerve stimulation, and mechanical actions related to the Lenz effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the presence of the considered implants, the extent of RF-induced heating and of the electric field responsible for peripheral nerve stimulation is low and comparable to what is observed without the prostheses. The extent of gradient-induced heating and Lenz effect, which occur only in the presence of implants, is minimal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As long as the body of the worker with passive non-ferromagnetic orthopedic implants remains outside the MRI scanner, the incremental risk posed by the presence of the implants is negligible. The Lenz effect is weak even if the part of the worker's body with an implant enters the scanner bore.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13508695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148824429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the psychometric properties of the Occupational Stress Injury Resiliency Tool with comparison of concurrent, and predictive validity with other leading indicators of work-related psychological conditions.","authors":"Peter Smith, Marta Pienkowski, Jackie Sam, Teresa D'Elia","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxag068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxag068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study assesses the psychometric properties of a measure of work-related exposures associated with psychological conditions-the Occupational Stress Injury Resiliency Tool (OSIRT). It also compares the associations between the OSIRT, and 2 other leading indicator measures, with 3 mental health outcomes, cross-sectionally and longitudinally.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three surveys were completed between August 2024 and September 2025. In an initial sample of 895 respondents, the validity and reliability of OSIRT was assessed, including test-retest analyses on a subsample of 58 respondents. Adjusted regression models examined the relationship between levels of risk as defined by the OSIRT with burnout, psychological distress and work-related mental health injury both cross-sectionally and approximately 12-mo later. The strength of the relationships observed for the OSIRT were compared with 2 other leading indicators: the Psychosocial Safety Climate (PSC-12) and the Psychosocial Job Quality Index (PSJQI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The OSIRT had very good to excellent construct validity and test-retest stability. Baseline associations between the OSIRT and mental health outcomes were at least as strong as the associations observed with other leading indicators. For example, the absolute adjusted differences in the prevalence of burnout between the low risk and high-risk groups of the OSIRT were 39.1% (95% CI 29.8% to 48.4%), compared with 21.4% (95% CI 13.4% to 29.5%) among the low risk and very high-risk PSC-12 groups. Weaker associations, but similar patterns across indicators, were observed longitudinally.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 20-item OSIRT has factorial validity, good to excellent test-retest reliability, although higher levels of missing data compared with comparator instruments. The OSIRT could be considered as a measure to capture aspects of work associated and identify workers with higher risk of psychological conditions, both cross-sectionally and 12-mo into the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure limits and REACH requirements in workplace risk management: perspectives of labor inspectors and OSH specialists.","authors":"Piia Taxell, Milja Koponen, Linda Schenk, Linda Paegle, Linda Matisāne, Susann Wolf, Aurora Moen, Steen Mollerup, Helge Johnsen, Davor Kontić, Jenni Kaisto, Tiina Santonen","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxag075","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxag075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational exposure limits (OELs) under occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation, and authorisation and restriction requirements under the chemicals regulation REACH, are the key regulatory tools for managing workplace chemical exposures in the EU. The present study examines how OELs and REACH requirements are interpreted and implemented at the workplace level, and how they impact workplace chemical safety. A mixed-methods study was conducted in Finland, Latvia, Norway, and Slovenia. An online survey targeted labor inspectors (n = 85), and company OSH managers (n = 323) in 3 sectors: chemical industry, metal industry, and motor vehicle maintenance and repair. In addition, semistructured interviews were conducted with labor inspectors (n = 19) and OSH experts (n = 30), including company and organization representatives and OSH service providers. Survey data were analyzed descriptively, and inductive content analysis was used for the interview data. Awareness of OELs and REACH requirements was reported as highly variable across workplaces in all participating countries, with larger companies higher in the supply chain demonstrating greater awareness and implementation capacity. Safety data sheets and chemical suppliers were the most frequently reported information sources. OELs were recognized as reference values for exposure and risk assessment, while REACH restrictions and authorisations were more often associated with discontinuation of substance use. Reported barriers to implementation included limited financial resources, insufficient competence in smaller companies, complex legislation, and weak supply chain communication. Positive examples included mandatory training obligations (eg diisocyanate restriction) and proactive inspection practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission rates of respirable crystalline silica and dust from engineered stone fabrication.","authors":"Saisattha Noomnual, Zheyuan Zhuang, Rachael M Jones","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxag060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxag060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Engineered stone, a composite material containing high levels of crystalline silica, has led to a surge in silicosis among workers who perform cutting, grinding, and other finishing tasks. To improve our understanding of respirable crystalline silica (RCS) and respirable dust exposures and exposure determinants for these tasks, this study extracted data from previously published studies and (i) calculated the emission rate of respirable dust and RCS (mass per time) from experimental simulation studies, (ii) assessed whether control technology or task are determinants of emission rate, and (iii) applied a 2-zone mathematical model to estimate RCS exposures using the calculated emission rates and evaluated the model predictions against task-duration exposure measurements. Emission rates were calculated from 4 published experimental simulation studies, and regression analysis showed that emission rates of RCS were positively associated with slab crystalline silica content and negatively associated with the use of control technologies. Near-field RCS concentrations predicted by model tended to underestimate exposures, but the distribution overlapped with field-based exposure measurements. The model performance is reasonable, though further simulation studies or field-based studies with detailed exposure determinant data can be used to improve emission rate estimates and model performance. The emission rates calculated in this study can be used to reconstruct past exposures for epidemiologic and risk analyses, and assist with attribution of silicosis and lung cancer to work-related causes. A multifaceted approach is necessary to ensure that employers are providing workplaces that eliminate hazardous exposures to RCS and other components of engineered stone.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"70 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13419070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of tremolite asbestos from Cemetery Ridge, Arizona and anthophyllite asbestos from Palm Springs, California.","authors":"Martin Harper, Taekhee Lee, Steven E Mischler","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxag057","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxag057","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Well-characterized asbestos mineral samples are required for use as analytical standards and in future research projects. Even in areas where asbestos is no longer mined it can still be encountered in mine spoil, when rocks are disturbed by construction projects, and in other mineral products (eg talc and vermiculite), as well as in products made from asbestos and in uncontrolled disposal of those products. While chrysotile was the type of asbestos most commonly mined and used in the United States, amphibole (tremolite and anthophyllite) asbestos is widespread and was also extracted commercially for the manufacture of specific products. Analysts are called upon to recognize the varieties of asbestos when they are encountered. Amphibole asbestos exhibits variation in crystallinity and chemistry, and so it is important that samples where the range of these features is well-described are available. Tremolite and anthophyllite are important constituents of certain rock types, and both can occur in fibrous and nonfibrous crystal habits, and crystallinity and chemistry vary between and within occurrences. Therefore, it is useful to have available a range of samples exhibiting this variation as a reference for analysts and researchers. Tremolite asbestos from an abandoned mine at Cemetery Ridge, Arizona, and anthophyllite asbestos from an abandoned mine near Palm Springs, California, were analyzed using (i) a polarized light microscope with a determination of principal optical properties, (ii) spindle stage analysis using a polarized light microscope to determine whether individual fibers and bundles of the samples were polycrystalline or single-crystal cleavage fragments, (iii) x-ray diffraction, (iv) a transmission electron microscope, including energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and selected area electron diffraction, and (v) electron probe microanalysis. Additional images were acquired with a field-emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope to show the diversity of appearance. The overall findings of the study indicate that the materials are tremolite asbestos and anthophyllite asbestos. The tremolite asbestos is asbestiform tremolite with some prismatic crystals and cleavage fragments. The following formula was determined from electron probe microanalysis:Na0.01(Ca1.95Fe0.04Mn0.02)∑2.00(Mg4.65Fe0.39Al0.01)∑5.00(Si7.98Al0.02)∑8.00O22(OH)2 The atomic ratio (Mg)/(Mg + Fe) is 0.915, which falls into the compositional range for tremolite, but it is close to the boundary with actinolite (ratio &lt; 0.90), and it is possible that compositional variation between individual grain analyses may report results as actinolite. Accessory quartz was also noted, but in only small quantities (&lt;5%). The anthophyllite asbestos is asbestiform anthophyllite with some prismatic crystals and some accessory minerals. The following formula was determined from electron probe microanalysis:□(Mg1.04Fe0.80Ca0.054Mn0.044)∑1.94(Mg4.98Al0.02)∑","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"70 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory cross-sectional study of serum biomarkers as related to respiratory outcomes and workplace silica exposure levels in UK brick-manufacturing and stone workers.","authors":"Howard Mason, Nick Warren, Kate Jones, Jade Sumner, Edward Robinson, Christopher Barber, David Fishwick","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxag058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxag058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a cross-sectional study of UK brick and stone workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica, Club cell protein (CC16), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFββ), C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, lung surfactant proteins A & D, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were measured in serum samples from 261 workers. Questionnaire data on health outcomes were also recorded, along with spirometry and a chest X-ray. Individual cumulative respirable crystalline silica exposures were calculated. Four subjects (1.5%) had silicosis, and these were characterised by evidence of small airways obstruction, reduced predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s and noticeable increases in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and surfactant protein A. CC16 and surfactant protein D significantly increased with cumulative respirable crystalline silica exposure, but CC16 also independently decreased with evidence of airflow obstruction or small airways obstruction. Therefore, the interpretation of serum CC16 levels in silica-exposed populations may be complex. There was some evidence of down-regulation of the PDGFββ pathway with increasing exposure. Surfactant protein D levels were also associated with several chronic respiratory symptoms reported by workers. Serum surfactant protein A, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin showed little or no relationship to cumulative respirable crystalline silica levels. These data raise the possibility that surfactant protein D, CC16, surfactant protein A, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 may have a role in defining the natural history of silicosis, with the latter 2 biomarkers possibly reflecting where pathology is evidenced on imaging techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"70 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148576873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of task-based and job-based estimation of physical behavior compositions in grocery store workers.","authors":"Svend Erik Mathiassen, Thomas Rudolfsson, Elin Vidlund","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxag056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxag056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Job exposure matrices (JEMs) are widely used in occupational epidemiology to estimate biomechanical exposures in a trade. However, JEMs are insensitive to variability among workers within the same job, potentially leading to less accurate exposures and increased uncertainty of exposure-outcome associations. Task-based exposure assessment, in which individual exposures are derived from task-specific exposures weighted by the time spent on each task, has been suggested to improve accuracy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine and compare the accuracy of task-based and job-based assessment of physical behaviors-sitting, standing, and moving-in grocery retail.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in 2 Swedish medium-sized grocery stores. Accelerometry was used to measure \"true\" physical behaviors continuously over 3 full working days for all participating employees (n = 36; 16 women, 20 men). Job-based exposure estimates were derived by averaging sitting, standing, and moving across all workers, representing a JEM. Nine discrete tasks were defined in collaboration with employees and owners in the stores. For 35 of the workers, task timelines were videotaped for 4 h and linked to accelerometry to construct a gender-neutral (unisex) task exposure matrix (TEM). All 36 participants completed diaries for the 3 d, reporting time spent on each task, and task-based estimates of \"true\" exposures through the 3 d were calculated for each worker as the weighted average of task exposures based on the diary-reported task distribution. Physical behaviors were analyzed using procedures from compositional data analysis (CoDA), including describing and comparing the performance of job-based and task-based approaches using Aitchison distances to the measured, \"true\" exposures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prerequisites for successful task-based assessment were satisfied, including physical behavior contrasts between tasks and heterogeneity in task composition between workers. task-based estimates were on average closer to \"true\" exposures than job-based estimates, but the magnitude of improvement was modest (23%) and varied between women (35%) and men (12%). Thirty-three percent of the 36 \"true\" job exposures were better predicted by the job-based approach, and substantial variability in exposure persisted even within tasks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Task-based assessment offered only modest improvement in accuracy over job-based estimates and the cost-efficiency of the task-based approach compared to the less costly job-based strategy can be questioned. Task-based assessment may therefore be most useful when task information is needed for documentation or interventions, rather than solely for improving exposure estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"70 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13378765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}