Stress medicine最新文献

{"title":"Job stress and satisfaction among nurses: individual differences","authors":"B. Kirkcaldy, T. Martin","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200003)16:2<77::AID-SMI835>3.0.CO;2-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200003)16:2<77::AID-SMI835>3.0.CO;2-Z","url":null,"abstract":"In a study involving 276 nurses in a large hospital in Northern Ireland, a comprehensive set of questionnaires was administered to assess multiple job-related variables. Nurses in general appeared to display high scores on the stresses related to confidence and competency in role, home–work conflict, and organisational involvement (subscales which are themselves closely associated with demands in social interaction at work). These are stresses which were related to psychological well-being. There were no gender differences on occupational stress or the health outcome variables. Age did emerge as significantly related to total stress and mental health (older nurses reporting more stress, and the younger nurses experiencing better psychological health). Grade of nursing was unrelated to job stress and outcome health variables, including work satisfaction. Although no differences were observed between wards/specialism and stress, differences were revealed along satisfaction, with maternity nurses (and intensive care nurses) displaying the highest level of satisfaction at work, and surgical (and medical) nurses showing the lowest. Finally, Type A emerged as a significant determinant of physical health, in contrast to internal locus of control, which was more related to mental health, (lower) occupational stress, and job satisfaction. No significant Type A×locus of control interactions were observed. The implications of these findings for nursing care are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":82818,"journal":{"name":"Stress medicine","volume":"133 3","pages":"77-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50684258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: future research in occupational stress","authors":"C. Cooper","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200003)16:2<63::AID-SMI865>3.0.CO;2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200003)16:2<63::AID-SMI865>3.0.CO;2-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82818,"journal":{"name":"Stress medicine","volume":"141 2","pages":"63-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50684121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size distribution of leukocyte aggregates differentiate between stress‐ and infection/inflammation‐related leukocytosis","authors":"N. Maharshak, D. Zeltser, M. Kassirer, R. Rotstein, I. Shapira, O. Rogowski, P. Halperin, P. Sorkin, S. Berliner","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200003)16:2<125::AID-SMI846>3.0.CO;2-B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200003)16:2<125::AID-SMI846>3.0.CO;2-B","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the state of leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation in the peripheral blood of 33 patients with stress and 33 patients with infection/inflammation. Both groups had a similar white blood cell count (9542±3067 and 10,512±2758 cells per cmm, respectively). It was found that the percentage of aggregated leukocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with infection/inflammation was significantly higher than in the patients with stress (24.7±11 per cent versus 15.8±6 per cent; p<0.0001). When we analyzed the size distribution of the aggregated cells we also found a significant difference between the number of couplets (2.7±1.9 versus 1.6±0.9; p=0.006), triplets (0.6±1.3 versus 0.2±0.2; p=0.05), quadruplets (0.14±0.2 versus 0.03±0.07; p=0.005) or quintets (0.04±0.1 versus 0.003±0.002; p=0.05) between these two groups. Thus, by using a simple slide test to reveal the state of leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation in the peripheral blood one could favor the diagnosis of infection/inflammation induced leukocytosis as opposed to a stress-related one. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":82818,"journal":{"name":"Stress medicine","volume":"146 3","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50684046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work environment and changes in self‐rated health: a five year follow‐up study","authors":"V. Borg, T. Kristensen, H. Burr","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<37::AID-SMI830>3.0.CO;2-O","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<37::AID-SMI830>3.0.CO;2-O","url":null,"abstract":"A representative sample of 5001 Danish employees was followed for five years. The respondents were interviewed by telephone in 1990 and again in 1995. Social class, diseases, self-rated health (SRH), and a number of psychosocial and other work environment factors were assessed in 1990, and SRH was measured again in 1995. We analyzed predictors of changes in SRH from 1990 to 1995. After control for age, gender, and disease, the following factors predicted worsening of SRH among respondents with good SRH in 1990: repetitive work, high psychological demands, low social support, high job insecurity, and high ergonomic exposures. After further control for social class, the ORs for some of these factors were reduced, but they all remained significant. Only one of the work environment factors, ergonomic exposures, predicted improvements in SRH among those respondents who had poor SRH in 1990. Many studies have shown that SRH is a powerful independent predictor for total mortality. This is the first study showing that a number of work environment factors predict worsening of SRH over time. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":82818,"journal":{"name":"Stress medicine","volume":"171 3","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50683689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses to traumatic stress among community residents exposed to a train collision","authors":"M. Chung, J. Werrett, S. Farmer, Y. Easthope, C. Chung","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<17::AID-SMI828>3.0.CO;2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<17::AID-SMI828>3.0.CO;2-3","url":null,"abstract":"In 1996 in Stafford, UK, a collision occurred between a freight train and a post office train. While only one person died, 21 employees working on the post office train were injured. Instead of focusing on primary victims, i.e. those on the train, Or secondary victims, i.e. helpers or the significant others of the dead and injured, the present paper focused on community residents who lived on both sides of the embankment where the collision occurred. There were two aims to this paper. We wished to (1 ) describe the degree of traumatic stress of the community residents and (2) describe their traumatic responses at the time and during the aftermath of the collision. The hypothesis was that there was a significant degree of traumatic stress among these residents and that the greater the impact of the collision they experienced, the more severe their traumatic stress became. Forty-nine residents participated in the study and were assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Stafford train crash questionnaire. The results showed that among the whole sample, the residents experienced more intrusive thoughts than avoidance behaviour, but then scores were significantly lower than those of the standardized stress clinic samples. Forty-one per-cent of the residents scored at or above the cutoff point of the GHQ. Two groups, high symptom and low/ medium symptom groups, were then divided, according to the cutoff of the IES, and compared. The results shows that the high symptom group scored significantly higher in the sub-scales of the IES, and the GHQ. There was indeed a tendency that the greater the impact of the collision residents experienced, the more severe the distress was.","PeriodicalId":82818,"journal":{"name":"Stress medicine","volume":"183 S486","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50683824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a competitive stressor on motor cortex excitability: a pilot study","authors":"J. Rollnik, M. Schubert, R. Dengler","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<49::AID-SMI831>3.0.CO;2-E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<49::AID-SMI831>3.0.CO;2-E","url":null,"abstract":"Several intervening variables may influence motor evoked potentials (MEP) from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Among the most common are motor (e.g. executed or intended muscle contraction) and sensory factors. However, little is known about the effects of a well defined stressor on MEPs and thus on central motor control. We studied 11 healthy right-handed volunteers (five men and six women), aged 21-32 years (mean 25.2 years. SD = 3.5). All subjects underwent a 20 min rest and a 20 min stress period (sequence-controlled, cross-over design). The stressor employed a competitive videogame. MEPs from the left abductor digiti minimi muscle were obtained immediately after rest and stress. We found that six (54.5 per cent) subjects presented a significant increase (p < 0.05) of MEP amplitudes from rest to stress, three (27.3 per cent; p < 0.05) decreased, and two (18.2 per cent) did not change, F- and M-waves did not change significantly. Psychological testing (state and trait anxiety inventory, STAI) revealed that individuals who presented an increase in MEP latency scored lower in state and trait anxiety than others, probably mdicating a lower vulnerability to stress. We believe that the observed increase in MEP amplitudes, combined with a decrease in MEP latency, can be regarded as neurophysiological evidence of stress-induced facilitation related to higher excitability of the corticospinal system and/or presynaptic neurons.","PeriodicalId":82818,"journal":{"name":"Stress medicine","volume":"167 4","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50684107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Certain psychological characteristics of soldiers injured in the 1991–1993 war in Croatia","authors":"T. Sivik, D. Delimar, P. Korenjak, N. Delimar, R. Schoenfeld","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<3::AID-SMI824>3.0.CO;2-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<3::AID-SMI824>3.0.CO;2-Z","url":null,"abstract":"To describe the level of neuroticism and alexithymia of traumatised soldiers and the impact of psychosocial context on the experience of traumatising injury and personality, MMPI subscales Hypochondriasis (Hs), Depression (D), Hysteria (Hy) and Alexithymia (Al), Post-Traumatic Symptom Scale, IOES-15 for Intrusive subset and Avoidance subset and a revised version of CIDI-PTSD interview were used. Active non-injured soldiers and non-disabled soldiers scored significantly higher on Hysteria and Depression than permanently disabled soldiers and healthy controls. No significant differences between the groups were found on Hypochondriasis, Alexithymia, PTSS, Impact of Event Scale. Specific psychosocial context, apprehension of the trauma and the anticipation and fear of new trauma seem to have a stronger impact on the injured soldiers than the injury itself.","PeriodicalId":82818,"journal":{"name":"Stress medicine","volume":"175 s414","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<3::AID-SMI824>3.0.CO;2-Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50683549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin 6 and cortisol in acute musculoskeletal disorders: results from a case‐referent study in Sweden","authors":"T. Theorell, H. Hasselhorn, E. Vingård, B. Andersson","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<27::AID-SMI829>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<27::AID-SMI829>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"According to modern stress theory, the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical system (HPA axis) is an important part of the body's arousal system in physically straining (such as in infections) as well as in psychologically arousing situations. When demands for arousal have been excessively high for a long time, the HPA may show disturbance in its regulatory ability. Interleukins (IL) constitute an important part of the communication between the HPA axis and the immune system. The aim of the present study was to explore part of the circadian serum cortisol variation as well as interleukin 6 (IL-6) in relation to acute low back and neck/shoulder pain and potential psychosocial stressors. In a defined geographical area, men and women who consulted any caregiver (traditional as well as alternative) for an acute spine pain condition preceded by six months without consultations constituted the case group. Age and gender matched men and women from the population register constituted the referent group. During an examination day all subjects went through ergonomic and psychosocial examinations (questionnaires, interviews and clinical examinations). Blood samples were drawn in the morning (8 am) as well as midday (noon) in a subsample of 243 individuals (86 cases and 157 referents) and analyzed for IL-6 (midday sample) and cortisol (morning and midday sample). Female cases had higher IL-6 levels (p<0.05) and those seeking care for low back pain had a smaller cortisol variation between morning and midday values than referents. In men, low self-reported decision latitude at work (possibility to issue control) was significantly associated with higher IL-6 concentration and low social support at work with low morning cortisol values. In women, high job satisfaction was associated with low IL-6 concentrations and lower midday cortisol levels. Statistically strong correlations were found between IL-6 and the degree of cortisol decrease between morning and midday (p<0.01). Reduced cortisol variation among female low back pain cases may indicate a disturbance in the HPA axis. A high IL-6 level may arise in the course of a long-lasting aroused psychosocial situation with concomitant impaired cortisol regulation. It could be speculated that the hormonal disturbances found reflect an impaired psychosocial state. Serum IL-6 may be a useful serum marker for psychosocial adverse conditions in epidemiological studies. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":82818,"journal":{"name":"Stress medicine","volume":"179 5","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50683439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workaholism in organizations : psychological and physical well-being consequences","authors":"R. Burke","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<11::AID-SMI825>3.0.CO;2-U","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<11::AID-SMI825>3.0.CO;2-U","url":null,"abstract":"Although workaholism in organizations has received considerable attention in the popular press, our understanding of it remains quite limited. This study, using measures developed by Spence and Robbins (J. Personal Assess. 1992; 58: 160–178), examines the relationship of workaholism type to indicators of psychological and physical well-being. Data were collected from 530 male and female managers and professionals using anonymous questionnaires. The results showed a relationship between workaholism and poorer emotional and physical well-being. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":82818,"journal":{"name":"Stress medicine","volume":"189 S515","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50683760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rating well-being and distress","authors":"C. Rafanelli, Seung K. Park, C. Ruini, F. Ottolini, M. Cazzaro, G. Fava","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<55::AID-SMI832>3.0.CO;2-M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(200001)16:1<55::AID-SMI832>3.0.CO;2-M","url":null,"abstract":"There is insufficient research on rating psychological well-being and distress in clinical populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differential characteristics of instruments assessing well-being and distress in 20 remitted patients with affective (mood and anxiety) disorders and 20 healthy control subjects matched for sociodemographic variables. Remitted patients displayed significantly higher levels of psychological distress—as measured by Paykel's Clinical Interview for Depression (CID), Van Praag's Scale for Personality Disturbances and Kellner's Symptom Questionnaire (SQ)—and significantly less well-being—as measured by Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being (PWB) and the SQ—than control subjects. The correlations between scales of psychological distress and well-being were found to be complex in both patients and controls. Psychotherapeutic treatment of residual symptomatology in patients disclosed a differential sensitivity of the scales to changes. The results thus suggest that well-being cannot be equated to lack of distress (as implicitly endorsed by current psychiatric paradigms), and the need for a multidimensional assessment in stress medicine. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":82818,"journal":{"name":"Stress medicine","volume":"159 2","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50684282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}