Applied Spectroscopy最新文献

{"title":"EXPRESS: Automating Absorbance Spectroelectrochemistry using Normal Pulse Voltammetry.","authors":"Caitlyn Clark, Christopher Grieco","doi":"10.1177/00037028261479001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028261479001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Absorbance spectroelectrochemistry is a powerful <i>in situ</i> technique utilized to investigate redox changes and charge carrier properties in electronic materials, such as mixed ionic-electronic conducting polymers. In this method, the absorption spectrum of the material is obtained as a function of applied potential, and the results are used to understand its electrochemical behavior. The standard approach uses chronoamperometry, in which a constant potential is applied, and an absorption spectrum is measured at electrochemical equilibrium for a series of potentials selected across the electrochemical window of the sample. However, this method is limited by slow, labor-intensive data acquisition and lack of time-resolved absorbance information. Herein, we describe an automated absorbance spectroelectrochemical method that couples a high-speed, broadband optical absorbance instrument with normal pulse voltammetry to capture full absorbance spectroelectrochemistry spectra in a single measurement. The instrument measures absorption spectra over a 400 - 2500 nm window at a maximum spectral acquisition rate of 200 Hz (5 ms response time). We demonstrated the capability of this spectroscopy technique to automatically obtain a full set of potential-dependent absorbance spectra and absorbance transients by applying it to study the electrochemical charging behavior of a polythiophene electrode, which was time-resolved at 1 spectrum/s.</p>","PeriodicalId":8253,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spectroscopy","volume":" ","pages":"37028261479001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Corrosion measurement of Q355C steel based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.","authors":"Peng Huo, Shuzhi Huang, Jian Wu, Xiaoxuan Li, Jinghui Li, Xinyu Guo, Minxin Chen, Cuixiang Pei, Zefeng Yang, Xingwen Li","doi":"10.1177/00037028261479004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028261479004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Q355C steel is a critical structural material widely used in offshore wind power facilities, including steel piles and tower cylinders, corrosion caused by marine salt spray poses a serious threat to long term structural integrity. In this study, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was employed to assess the corroded characteristics of Q355C steel. A field-deployable LIBS system based on two-dimensional scanning was developed for surface analysis. A quantitative calibration curve was established between the surface salt density of uncorroded Q355C steel and the sodium spectral intensity, achieving a high coefficient of determination (R²=0.94). Subsequently, LIBS measurements were performed on simulated corrosion specimens, revealing variations in elemental distribution within the corrosion zone with depth. Since surface corrosion products primarily consist of iron oxide whose thickness varies with corrosion severity, the ratio of manganese to iron spectral intensities (I_Mn/I_Fe) was identified as a potential indicator for distinguishing corrosion severity. By exploiting the spectral differences between genuine corrosion areas and pseudo-corrosion areas (areas covered by flow rust), accurate differentiation between the two was achieved. The accuracy of the LIBS binarization method was approximately 24% higher than that of traditional visual methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":8253,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spectroscopy","volume":" ","pages":"37028261479004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Integrated Vibrational and X-Ray Spectroscopy in Cultural Heritage Materials: Recent Advances and Analytical Challenges.","authors":"Ewa Pięta","doi":"10.1177/00037028261479010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028261479010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review presents recent advances in integrated vibrational and X-ray spectroscopic approaches for the characterization of cultural heritage materials. Vibrational techniques, including Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy, together with X-ray fluorescence, diffraction, and absorption methods, provide complementary molecular, elemental, and structural information for the analysis of pigments, binders, and degradation products. Emphasis is placed on analytical capabilities, limitations, and the synergistic use of these techniques within multimodal workflows.Vibrational spectroscopy plays a central role in molecular identification and monitoring chemical transformations, whereas X-ray methods provide insight into elemental composition, crystallography, and pigment alteration mechanisms. Their integration establishes a robust framework for materials identification, stratigraphic interpretation, and investigation of degradation pathways in historical objects.Representative case studies discussed in this review illustrate how integrated vibrational and X-ray spectroscopic strategies address key analytical challenges in cultural heritage research, including the characterization of lead-based materials in works attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, compositional layering in paintings by Pablo Picasso, and cadmium yellow degradation in masterpieces by Edvard Munch and Vincent van Gogh. O-PTIR is highlighted as an emerging tool for submicron analysis, while combined Raman and X-Ray spectoscopic methods resolve environmentally driven pigment transformations.This review outlines current advances, practical challenges, and future directions in spectroscopy-driven research on complex materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":8253,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spectroscopy","volume":" ","pages":"37028261479010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Determination of Bisphenol A in Beverages by SERS Using Solid-Phase Extraction and In Situ Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles.","authors":"Alexey Yu Khrushchev, Olga I Lavrukhina, Alexander M Lebedev, Denis V Nikolenko, Alexey V Tretyakov","doi":"10.1177/00037028261477144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028261477144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A highly sensitive method has been developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in beverages (juice, beer, carbonated soft drinks) using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with solid-phase extraction (SPE), in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and surface modification with tetraoctylammonium bromide (TNOAB). SPE showed high BPA recovery rates (>90%) from complex food matrices. The crucial factor for achieving maximum sensitivity was the in situ synthesis of AgNPs directly in the presence of the analyte, as the use of pre-synthesized nanoparticles led to an approximately 100-fold decrease in signal intensity. Investigation of cationic modifiers with different structures revealed that the efficiency of SERS signal enhancement correlates with alkyl chain length. TNOAB (C8) provided a 7-fold increase in signal compared to the unmodified system, significantly outperforming the effects of tetrabutylammonium bromide (C4, 1.7-fold enhancement) and triethylamine (C2, 1.3-fold enhancement). The limit of detection for BPA was 0.077 ppb with a signal enhancement factor of 1.87×10⁸. For quantitative analysis, a PLS calibration model was applied in the range of 1-100 ppb (R² = 0.9986, RMSEC = 1.75 ppb, RMSEP = 1.95 ppb). The simplicity of the developed approach makes it suitable for routine monitoring of BPA content in beverages.</p>","PeriodicalId":8253,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spectroscopy","volume":" ","pages":"37028261477144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Spectroscopic Photoacoustic Imaging for Biomedical Applications: Opportunities, Challenges, and Pathways to Clinical Translation.","authors":"Nikhila Nyayapathi, Vikram Dogra, Mohammad Mehrmohammadi","doi":"10.1177/00037028261434576","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00037028261434576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoacoustic imaging is an emerging imaging modality with unique features that have attracted significant interest for clinical translation. Spectroscopic photoacoustic (sPA) imaging acquires photoacoustic images at multiple wavelengths, enabling the differentiation of chromophores at greater depths than conventional optical imaging while maintaining spatial resolution comparable to ultrasound. It is a straightforward integration with ultrasound imaging that provides a powerful diagnostic platform for structural, functional, and molecular imaging. This capability makes it somewhat analogous to combined X-ray computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET), but without ionizing radiation, offering a safer and more accessible alternative for a broader patient population. While spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging, with or without exogenous contrast agents, has shown great potential in various preclinical applications, its clinical translation faces several technical and practical challenges. These include limitations in light penetration, spectral unmixing complexities, and the need for improved image reconstruction techniques. Additionally, standardization and regulatory considerations must be addressed to facilitate widespread clinical adoption. In this review, we introduce spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging, highlighting its significant potential to address critical gaps in biomedical diagnostics. We further discuss the key technical and practical limitations hindering its clinical implementation and explore recent advancements aimed at overcoming these barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8253,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spectroscopy","volume":" ","pages":"791-820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advertising and Front Matter.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/00037028261474552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028261474552","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8253,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"80 8","pages":"787-790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Quantification of Hydrogen and Deuterium Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in the Off-Gas of an Engineering-Scale Pumped Molten Salt Loop.","authors":"Zechariah B Kitzhaber, Daniel Orea, Joanna McFarlane, Kevin Robb, Hunter B Andrews","doi":"10.1177/00037028261454365","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00037028261454365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is being considered for elemental analysis of radionuclides transported into the off-gas system of molten salt reactors. A mobile LIBS system was calibrated for gas-phase measurements of hydrogen (i.e., protium, denoted here as H) and deuterium (D) in argon (Ar). The system was then used to quantify the concentrations of H and D in the off-gas of an engineering-scale molten salt loop (∼200 kg salt) following the addition of H₂ or D₂ as a 4% blend in Ar. The limits of detection for H and D were determined to be 0.0013 and 0.0011 mol% (13 and 11 parts per million), respectively. This research was carried out at the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the Facility to Alleviate Salt Technology Risks (FASTR) pumped salt loop. Previous molten salt LIBS research has predominantly been performed at the bench scale, thus this study represents a major stride toward deploying LIBS technology for monitoring the performance of molten salt reactors. During the FASTR testing, the LIBS system operated continuously for several days. This online monitoring campaign demonstrates advancement in the application of LIBS for online monitoring of off-gas in molten salt systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8253,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spectroscopy","volume":" ","pages":"895-906"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Carotenoid and Phenolic Co-Occurrence in <i>Euphorbia pulcherrima</i> Bracts and Inflorescences.","authors":"Lenize F Maia, Mariana T C Campos, Rafael de Oliveira, Howell G M Edwards, Eudes da S Velozo, Antonio Carlos Sant'Ana, Luiz F C de Oliveira","doi":"10.1177/00037028261453405","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00037028261453405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the carotenoid content in colored bracts, nectar gland, flowers, and pollen of <i>Euphorbia pulcherrima</i> (poinsettia) using Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra obtained from in situ and crude extracts of the structural components were attributed to carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Significant changes in the spectral profile were observed according to the bract´s color variation. In the green leaves, bands assigned to carotenoids presented a higher intensity when compared to the main bands ascribed to phenolic acids/polyphenols. Intensity ratios involving ν(C=C) mode at 1527 cm^-1, from carotenoids and ν(C=C)_ar at 1600 cm^-1, from polyphenols decreases in the following order: green leaves (I_car/I_pol = 1.89), yellow (I_car/I_pol = 0.72), red (I_car/I_pol = 0.4), and pink bracts (I_car/I_pol = 0.3). No carotenoid band was detected in white bracts. Raman mapping performed with bracts in transition of the coloration from green to red revealed that both carotenoids and phenolic compounds occur throughout the adaxial surface, but with different color gradients according to the development of the bract. The analysis of the inflorescences showed that carotenoids were the main pigments responsible for the coloration of the yellow nectar gland and pollen grains, while bracts and flowers (pedicel and style) had a predominance of polyphenols. We also used Raman spectroscopy to characterize the efficiency of crude extracts of green leaves and red bract as a reducing agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The red bract acetone crude extract yielded the most intense localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) signals. This work demonstrates the dual utility of <i>E. pulcherrima</i> bracts: as a source of diverse phytochemicals and as a sustainable route to biologically active nanostructured materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":8253,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spectroscopy","volume":" ","pages":"881-894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raman Spectroscopy of Biofluids: Fusion Strategies for Detecting Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancers.","authors":"Panchali Saha, Pooja Malu, Poonam Joshi, Arti Hole, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Sonal Vahanwala, C Murali Krishna","doi":"10.1177/00037028261445469","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00037028261445469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Minimally invasive screening tools are essential for early detection of oral cancers to reduce mortality. A key necessity is the ability to differentiate highly heterogeneous oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and cancers. This study evaluated serum and salivary Raman spectroscopy (RS) for detecting OPMDs and oral cancers. Blood and saliva were collected from 13 non-habitual controls (NHC), 13 tobacco habitués (HC), 10 leukoplakia (L), 25 oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and 14 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) subjects. Raman spectra were acquired, pre-processed, and analyzed using multivariate methods. Serum outperformed saliva in individual classification models, achieving accuracies of 92%, 85%, 100%, 88%, and 85% for NHC, HC, L, OSMF, and OSCC, respectively. Saliva, despite its non-invasive advantage, showed higher misclassification among HC, L, OSMF, and OSCC. Low-level fusion of serum and saliva spectral data improved the classification of OSMF, OSCC, and NHC groups compared to saliva models. Mid-level fusion surpassed both biofluids, reaching 100% accuracy for NHC, L, and OSMF. Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares analysis of serum revealed altered protein- and lipid-related features among groups. These findings demonstrate the potential of serum and salivary RS, particularly with data fusion, as effective tools for OPMD and oral cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":8253,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spectroscopy","volume":" ","pages":"907-916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractional-Rational Calibration for Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Analysis of Steels with High Matrix Variability.","authors":"Vasilii Kiris, Mikhail Belkov","doi":"10.1177/00037028261456320","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00037028261456320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The results of an original calibration methodology that accounts for interelement influences in the analysis of alloyed steels using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are presented. The results were obtained from a dataset of spectra provided for the regression competition at the LIBS 2022 conference and available online. The dataset includes spectra from 41 steel samples with known concentrations of major alloying elements (chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, carbon, silicon, copper) and 15 samples with unknown compositions for model validation. The concentration of alloying elements varies over a wide range, with iron content ranging from 98% to 41%. To reduce spectral line position instability, we applied a preprocessing method that maximizes the correlation of each spectrum with the first spectrum in the dataset. The implementation of the developed calibration methodology led to an improvement in the root mean square error of the analysis, with reduction factors ranging from two (for nickel and molybdenum) to five (for manganese and chromium) when compared to classical calibration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8253,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spectroscopy","volume":" ","pages":"917-929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}