Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Diverse life histories and childhood socialization during the middle and late Dawenkou period: incremental dentin isotope evidence from the Jiaojia site, China","authors":"Meng Liu,&nbsp;Zhongming Tang,&nbsp;Yongsheng Zhao,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Shuai Yao,&nbsp;Yu Dong,&nbsp;Fen Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02544-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02544-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investigating childhood socialization can enhance our comprehensions of families and the overall society in the past. Previous studies paid little attention to subadults, and the evidence on the intergenerational inheritance of wealth and status is still lacking. Stable isotope analysis of incremental dentin and bones enables the reconstruction of individual life histories and provides a new dimension to the study of social stratification and childhood socialization. We conducted stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on incremental dentin, limb bones, and ribs of individuals from the middle and late Dawenkou period, the Jiaojia site. Results indicate that Jiaojia people have diverse weaning patterns and individual life histories. The 22 individuals in this study were divided into four groups: “typical” weaning, millet weaning, “stress”, and non-local groups. Comparisons among groups of different burial lavishness indicated that the elites consistently consumed more high-protein C₃ foods, from childhood to adulthood, while the ordinary people maintained a C₄-dominant diet. The dietary differentiation was related to the development of privatization of family wealth and social stratification. Both dietary and mortuary practices showed there are observable differences among subadults, and indicated the diversity and complexity of childhood socialization. This study demonstrates that multidimensional investigations including diet, health, and mortuary practices could provide critical evidence on the process of prehistoric social stratification and childhood socialization. Only by studying both subadults and adults can we piece together the whole picture of complex ancient societies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02544-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary analysis reveals the genetic origins, dietary structure and living conditions of Ming Great Wall residents in Shaanxi, China","authors":"Chenshuang Sun,&nbsp;Yao Yu,&nbsp;Baoshuai Zhang,&nbsp;Pengfei Sheng,&nbsp;Yaohan Wu,&nbsp;Hetong Wen,&nbsp;Chunlei Yu,&nbsp;Pianpian Wei,&nbsp;Shaoqing Wen","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02545-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02545-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The border region, which lies between different regimes, is highly regarded because of its diverse population, dietary habits, and living conditions. The population around the Great Wall was particularly intriguing during the Ming Dynasty, but it remains unstudied archaeologically. The study uses a multidisciplinary approach that includes paleopathology, isotope analysis, and ancient DNA analysis to investigate two individuals found in a Ming Dynasty military fortress at Qingping Fort. Both individuals were middle-aged males. Pathological examinations revealed nasal bone fractures in both individuals, possibly indicating violent interactions within their group or small-scale inter-group conflict. Carbon isotope analysis indicated that their diet predominantly consisted of C4 plants, which reflected their dietary pattern of millet consumption. Nevertheless, the low δ¹⁵N values implied limited meat intake. The paleopathological evidence, in conjunction with these findings, suggests that the individuals lived in a harsh environment. Based on the analysis of ancient DNA and strontium isotopes, it seems that the individuals are most likely from the Yellow River Basin, and there is no evidence of Eastern steppe ancestry. These findings tentatively suggest that at least some residents of Qingping Fort during the Ming dynasty had close genetic connections with Central Plains populations. Given the small sample size, our conclusions are preliminary, and they emphasize the necessity for future studies with an expanded sample. This work offers a starting point for comprehending the lives of residents in Ming frontier societies and underscores the significance of integrating archaeology with a multidisciplinary approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The invisible evidence of birth: evaluating the relationship between pelvic shape and parity with a pelvic pattern index","authors":"L. Waltenberger,&nbsp;K. Rebay-Salisbury,&nbsp;J. Desideri,&nbsp;P. Mitteroecker,&nbsp;M. Spannagl-Steiner,&nbsp;D. Pany-Kucera","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02533-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02533-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is well known that parity affects the human skeleton through biomechanical strain during pregnancy and birth, lactation, and sexual steroid hormone expression. Pelvic features are bony exostoses and lesions found on the pelvis and are frequently interpreted as parturition scars, although the direct causal factors remain unclear. In this study, we created a weighted pelvic pattern index (PPI) by combining all pelvic features (preauricular sulcus, dorsal pubic pitting, extended pubic tubercle, ventral pubic pitting &amp; exostoses, margo auricularis groove, sacral preauricular extension &amp; notch) to statistically evaluate its association with parity in three samples (one modern, and two from the 19th century). The PPI was significantly associated with parity and age at death. A pelvis shape analysis revealed an association with an increase in pelvic width. However, bone modelling in older women weakened the association of the PPI with parity. The PPI showed differences between the modern and historical samples, suggesting that factors such as lifestyle and obstetrical practices affect the relationship between the PPI and actual parity. We propose the PPI as a useful tool for assessing parity, but the predictive accuracy may vary across populations. We present a software tool for an easy application of the PPI in bioarcheological and anthropological studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02533-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The invisible evidence of birth: evaluating the relationship between pelvic shape and parity with a pelvic pattern index","authors":"L. Waltenberger,&nbsp;K. Rebay-Salisbury,&nbsp;J. Desideri,&nbsp;P. Mitteroecker,&nbsp;M. Spannagl-Steiner,&nbsp;D. Pany-Kucera","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02533-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02533-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is well known that parity affects the human skeleton through biomechanical strain during pregnancy and birth, lactation, and sexual steroid hormone expression. Pelvic features are bony exostoses and lesions found on the pelvis and are frequently interpreted as parturition scars, although the direct causal factors remain unclear. In this study, we created a weighted pelvic pattern index (PPI) by combining all pelvic features (preauricular sulcus, dorsal pubic pitting, extended pubic tubercle, ventral pubic pitting &amp; exostoses, margo auricularis groove, sacral preauricular extension &amp; notch) to statistically evaluate its association with parity in three samples (one modern, and two from the 19th century). The PPI was significantly associated with parity and age at death. A pelvis shape analysis revealed an association with an increase in pelvic width. However, bone modelling in older women weakened the association of the PPI with parity. The PPI showed differences between the modern and historical samples, suggesting that factors such as lifestyle and obstetrical practices affect the relationship between the PPI and actual parity. We propose the PPI as a useful tool for assessing parity, but the predictive accuracy may vary across populations. We present a software tool for an easy application of the PPI in bioarcheological and anthropological studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02533-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic residues revealed food choices and culinary traditions during the development of agriculture (9000 − 5000 BP) along the upper Huai River, China","authors":"Yunan Zhang,&nbsp;Jindou Li,&nbsp;Xiangyi Li,&nbsp;Xinyi Liu,&nbsp;Xingtao Wei","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02538-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02538-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peiligang (9000 − 7000 BP) and Yangshao cultures (7000 − 5000 BP) are generally considered to be key stages of agricultural development in ancient China, featuring transitions from foraging lifestyles to increased reliance on grain and legume cultivation and pig husbandry. While recent advances in archaeobotanical, zooarchaeological and isotopic studies have transformed our understanding of the Chinese ancient economy, the extent to which the Neolithic subsistence was reflected in daily culinary practices remains an open and intriguing question. Organic residues preserved in pottery vessels can provide the novel information on ancient diets, vessel functions and food preparation activities. In this study, we conducted the pilot lipid residue study focusing on 68 sherds from five archaeological sites representing different phases of the Peiligang and Yangshao Culture (Jiahu, 9000 − 7500 BP; Xielaozhuang, 8600 − 7600 BP; Guozhuangnan, ca. 7000 BP; Zhangwangzhuang, 6300 − 5600 BP; Hunanguo, 5700 − 5000 BP) in the upper Huai River region. Pottery lipid residue analysis was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Our results show that porcine fat was more dominant in the Yangshao samples. Plant biomarkers from plant oils, epicuticular waxes, and millets were identified, indicating extensive plant processing in the pottery during the development of agriculture along the upper Huai River. Summarising the pottery residue studies along the Yangtze River and Yellow River regions during the Neolithic Age, pottery use connected with the processing of plant food can be commonly observed, as demonstrated in the Peiligang and Yangshao cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic residues revealed food choices and culinary traditions during the development of agriculture (9000 − 5000 BP) along the upper Huai River, China","authors":"Yunan Zhang,&nbsp;Jindou Li,&nbsp;Xiangyi Li,&nbsp;Xinyi Liu,&nbsp;Xingtao Wei","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02538-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02538-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peiligang (9000 − 7000 BP) and Yangshao cultures (7000 − 5000 BP) are generally considered to be key stages of agricultural development in ancient China, featuring transitions from foraging lifestyles to increased reliance on grain and legume cultivation and pig husbandry. While recent advances in archaeobotanical, zooarchaeological and isotopic studies have transformed our understanding of the Chinese ancient economy, the extent to which the Neolithic subsistence was reflected in daily culinary practices remains an open and intriguing question. Organic residues preserved in pottery vessels can provide the novel information on ancient diets, vessel functions and food preparation activities. In this study, we conducted the pilot lipid residue study focusing on 68 sherds from five archaeological sites representing different phases of the Peiligang and Yangshao Culture (Jiahu, 9000 − 7500 BP; Xielaozhuang, 8600 − 7600 BP; Guozhuangnan, ca. 7000 BP; Zhangwangzhuang, 6300 − 5600 BP; Hunanguo, 5700 − 5000 BP) in the upper Huai River region. Pottery lipid residue analysis was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Our results show that porcine fat was more dominant in the Yangshao samples. Plant biomarkers from plant oils, epicuticular waxes, and millets were identified, indicating extensive plant processing in the pottery during the development of agriculture along the upper Huai River. Summarising the pottery residue studies along the Yangtze River and Yellow River regions during the Neolithic Age, pottery use connected with the processing of plant food can be commonly observed, as demonstrated in the Peiligang and Yangshao cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural and social innovations in southwestern China during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition","authors":"Yongxu Fu,&nbsp;Yuqing Wang,&nbsp;Xinglong Zhang,&nbsp;Valentine Arnaud,&nbsp;Solange Rigaud,&nbsp;Hao Li,&nbsp;Luc Doyon","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02541-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02541-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Pleistocene-Holocene transition witnessed diverse pathways to socio-economic complexity globally. In contrast to the agricultural trajectories, communities in the karst landscapes of southwestern China maintained a resilient, long-term foraging tradition. This study examines the technology and function of organic artifacts from Niupodong Cave, Guizhou, through the analysis of teeth and bone tools, and personal ornaments. The results reveal a diversified osseous technological repertoire, providing direct evidence for symbolic expression, garment making, freshwater fishing, and probable plant processing. Critically, the presence of marine shells indicates long-distance exchange or mobility networks linking this inland site to coastal regions at least 600 km away. These findings illuminate a pattern of gradual, locally embedded innovation where technological elaboration and expanding social networks enhanced a mixed foraging context without an immediate shift to agriculture. The Niupodong assemblage demonstrates the need to document regional technological and subsistence changes at a micro-scale to investigate the extent to which they relate to ecological resources, subsistence economy, and social organization during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in southwestern China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148661943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural and social innovations in southwestern China during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition","authors":"Yongxu Fu,&nbsp;Yuqing Wang,&nbsp;Xinglong Zhang,&nbsp;Valentine Arnaud,&nbsp;Solange Rigaud,&nbsp;Hao Li,&nbsp;Luc Doyon","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02541-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02541-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Pleistocene-Holocene transition witnessed diverse pathways to socio-economic complexity globally. In contrast to the agricultural trajectories, communities in the karst landscapes of southwestern China maintained a resilient, long-term foraging tradition. This study examines the technology and function of organic artifacts from Niupodong Cave, Guizhou, through the analysis of teeth and bone tools, and personal ornaments. The results reveal a diversified osseous technological repertoire, providing direct evidence for symbolic expression, garment making, freshwater fishing, and probable plant processing. Critically, the presence of marine shells indicates long-distance exchange or mobility networks linking this inland site to coastal regions at least 600 km away. These findings illuminate a pattern of gradual, locally embedded innovation where technological elaboration and expanding social networks enhanced a mixed foraging context without an immediate shift to agriculture. The Niupodong assemblage demonstrates the need to document regional technological and subsistence changes at a micro-scale to investigate the extent to which they relate to ecological resources, subsistence economy, and social organization during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in southwestern China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using bone retouchers in the early Middle Palaeolithic. First application of a multi-proxy approach to Biache-Saint-Vaast (MIS 7)","authors":"M.-P. Vignes,&nbsp;K. Alaime,&nbsp;F. Bray,&nbsp;V. Rots,&nbsp;P. Auguste,&nbsp;M.-A. Julien","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02530-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02530-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, the number of studies on bone tools from Middle Palaeolithic contexts has increased considerably. Mainly identified as retouchers and predominantly documented during the transition from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic, around 50 to 40 ka BP, these bone tools provide key insights into <i>Homo neanderthalensis</i> behaviour. The bone tool assemblage from Biache-Saint-Vaast (Pas-de-Calais, northern France, MIS 7), although never studied in detail, is one of the largest known for early Neanderthal occupations in northern France. Several approaches can be applied to the study of bone artefacts, particularly those focusing on raw material management and techno-functional aspects. Owing to the exceptional preservation of its surfaces, the Biache-Saint-Vaast material is especially well-suited for testing different analytical techniques. Here, we present the results of a multi-scalar approach combining anatomical studies, palaeoproteomics (ZooMS and LC-MS/MS), taphonomy, traceology, and experimentation. Applied to 10 archaeological artefacts, this study represents the first successful application of such an approach to ancient bone tools. Our results highlight the potential and importance of conducting similarly comprehensive studies on larger assemblages of bone artefacts, including those recovered from ancient open-air contexts, as well as the need to develop additional comparative datasets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chert procurement for inferring Neanderthal mobility in central western Iberia","authors":"Telmo Pereira,&nbsp;Ana Abrunhosa,&nbsp;Eduardo Paixão,&nbsp;Milena Carvalho,&nbsp;Jonathan Haws,&nbsp;Michael Benedetti,&nbsp;Eduardo Alves,&nbsp;Luís Alves","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02535-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02535-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithic raw material sourcing is one of the most effective approaches for inferring exploitation territories during the Palaeolithic, including for Neanderthals. Certain raw materials, particularly chert, are especially well suited to this type of investigation because the distinctive characteristics of each geological source can be reliably identified through a combination of macroscopic observation, low-magnification analysis, and geochemical methods. With that in mind we questioned if chert sourcing would allow identification of territorial patterns for the Neanderthal populations of central Portugal, in western-most Iberia. To answer that question, we conducted an exploratory study comparing archaeological cherts from Gruta Nova da Columbeira, Praia Rei Cortiço and Mira Nascente with geological samples from nearby sources using macroscopic, low-magnification PIXE and pXRF analysis. Our results showed similarities between archaeological and geological cherts proving that the sites, sources and analytical protocols used were viable for such investigation and, therefore, can be developed and refined in the future. They also showed that correspondences between geological and archaeological cherts are limited to the area between the coast and the western façade of the first mountain ridge (Serra d’Áire e Candeeiros) to the east, and between the Cesaredas Plateau to the south and the River Lis to the north. This territory is adjacent to the area already delimited by chert sourcing and isotopic analysis for the Neanderthals that occupied Oliveira Cave, located at the southeastern façade of the same mountain range. This contributes to a better understanding of Neanderthal territorial patterns, which is particularly important in regions where research is underdeveloped and where identifying other patterns of variability, particularly across time, has proven difficult.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02535-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}