Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences最新文献_第6页

The glass from the arrabal of Arrixaca (Murcia, 12th-13th centuries) 来自阿尔克里萨卡（穆尔西亚，12-13 世纪）阿拉巴尔的玻璃制品

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-024-02066-6

David J. Govantes-Edwards, Almudena Velo, Alicia Hernández-Robles, José Ángel González-Ballesteros, Chloe Duckworth

{"title":"The glass from the arrabal of Arrixaca (Murcia, 12th-13th centuries)","authors":"David J. Govantes-Edwards, Almudena Velo, Alicia Hernández-Robles, José Ángel González-Ballesteros, Chloe Duckworth","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02066-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02066-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article presents an assemblage of 36 glass samples excavated in the urban site of San Esteban, part of the <i>arrabal</i> of Arrixaca (Murcia) (in al-Andalus, an <i>arrabal</i> was a relatively dense urbanised area outside the city walls) in contexts securely dated to the 12th and early 13th century, spanning the rule of Ibn Mardanīš, and the early period of Almohad domination in the city. The samples were analysed by electron microprobe (EMPA) for major and minor elements and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for trace elements. The results are examined within the context of glass production, circulation, and consumption in al-Andalus and the Islamicate Mediterranean more broadly. The results show that some of the glasses found in San Esteban-Arrixaca may have been imported from other Islamicate regions (Egypt and Mesopotamia), but that the vast majority can be related to previously recognised compositional Iberian glass groups. At the same time, the identification of several fragments of production waste and raw glass suggest that some glass-working facility may have existed in the vicinity of San Esteban-Arrixaca. The compositional evidence also indicates that recycling (including of imported glass objects) may have been a fairly common practice in Andalusi glassmaking, but it is suggested that some of the usual chemical markers of recycling may, in the case of al-Andalus and perhaps also elsewhere in the medieval Mediterranean, be the result of the cross-breeding of glass- and glaze-making activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02066-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142412981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the link between plant minerals and wear formation on stone tools through experimentation: a view from the wetland 通过实验探索植物矿物与石器磨损形成之间的联系：来自湿地的视角

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-024-02074-6

Sonja Tomasso, Dries Cnuts, Veerle Rots

{"title":"Exploring the link between plant minerals and wear formation on stone tools through experimentation: a view from the wetland","authors":"Sonja Tomasso, Dries Cnuts, Veerle Rots","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02074-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02074-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reconstructing the transformation of plants based on use-wear is challenging due to the variety of technological choices available, the diverse range of plant species that could have been used, and the limited knowledge of how plant wear forms. The frequent appearance of ambiguous plant wear on stone tools from early and middle Holocene wetland contexts in Northwestern Europe provides an ideal case study to explore the complexity of plant wear formation. In this context, we present the outcomes of an exploratory experimental study which aimed to improve our understanding of plant wear formation resulting from processing activities of wetland plants. The program included the creation of a reference collection of plants available in. Particular attention was devoted to the effect of mineral plant elements, such as silica Northwestern European wetland ecosystems and a set of actualistic plant processing experiments minerals or calcium oxalates, on the development of plant polish. The elemental characterisation of wetland plants with scanning electron microscopy and the experimentally reproduced plant wear allowed us to draw comparisons between the plant composition and plant wear formation, and thus grasp the complexity of plant wear formation which depends on a large set of variables.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142412911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One city to rule them all? The production of copper in Enkomi, Cyprus: the evidence from the metallurgical ceramic assemblage 一城独大？塞浦路斯恩科米的铜矿生产：来自冶金陶瓷组合的证据

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-024-02067-5

Demetrios Ioannides, Vasiliki Kassianidou, George Papasavvas

{"title":"One city to rule them all? The production of copper in Enkomi, Cyprus: the evidence from the metallurgical ceramic assemblage","authors":"Demetrios Ioannides, Vasiliki Kassianidou, George Papasavvas","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02067-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02067-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sociopolitical organisation of Cyprus during the Late Bronze Age (LBA) is still an active field of scholarly debate. In the second half of the 2nd mil. BCE, the prevailing interpretations favour either a unified or a decentralised administration model on the island. Enkomi is listed as one of the most important Late Cypriot (LC) sites in both models. The rise of this urban centre can be largely attributed to the control of copper production during the LC period. The results of the chemical and microstructural analysis of the archaeometallurgical ceramic assemblage from the copper workshops in Area III at Enkomi are presented here. Our research revealed that the ceramics were exclusively used for copper-based secondary metallurgical activities. This project, the first in Cypriot archaeometallurgy to focus solely on technical ceramics, adds significant new knowledge to the reconstruction of the copper production organisation and Enkomi’s standing among the LC polities. Furthermore, these new findings pave the way for the development of a comparative analysis of the various stages of the copper production sequence in Cyprus, as reflected in metallurgical ceramic assemblages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02067-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bronze technology and metal resources in the Zhouyuan area before and after the replacement of Shang and Zhou Dynasties 商周更替前后周原地区的青铜技术与金属资源

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-024-02059-5

Yingzi Zhangsun, Xiaotong Wu, Linxiang Liu, Junchang Yang

{"title":"Bronze technology and metal resources in the Zhouyuan area before and after the replacement of Shang and Zhou Dynasties","authors":"Yingzi Zhangsun, Xiaotong Wu, Linxiang Liu, Junchang Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02059-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02059-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Zhouyuan site was the largest central settlement in the western Guanzhong Plain during the Shang and Zhou periods; it was once the capital of the Zhou people before the establishment of Western Zhou. The archaeological culture used by the Zhou people before they destroyed the Shang Dynasty is called \"pre-Zhou culture.\" In this work, bronzes excavated in the Zhouyuan area from the pre-Zhou period to the Western Zhou period were analyzed via a field emission electron probe microanalyzer for chemical compositions and MC‒ICP‒MS for lead isotope ratios. The results show that various alloy types were used in pre-Zhou, whereas more stable alloy recipes and materials with better performance were used in Western Zhou. The pre-Zhou bronzes contain highly radiogenic lead and common lead, and the Western Zhou bronzes are all common lead. The alloying techniques and metal resources of the Zhouyuan area both changed significantly from pre-Zhou to Western Zhou, which could be related to the great transformation of the bronze industry pattern after the Zhou people replaced the dominance of the Shang Dynasty. Zhouyuan also participated in the circulation network of metal resources centered on Yin Ruins during the late Shang. The highly radiogenic lead metal resources were probably obtained from Yin Ruins through the Shang culture in the eastern Guanzhong Plain (Laoniupo). It can be inferred that the Zhou people acquired bronze smelting and casting techniques from Shang after they conquered Laoniupo; then, their military equipment, as well as sacrificial vessels, improved considerably, which provided resources and technical support for the forthcoming war against the Shang capital.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diet along the eastern Silk Roads: an isotopic case study of ancient humans and livestock from the Han-Jin Dynasties in the Lop Nur region, northwest China 丝绸之路东段的饮食：中国西北罗布泊地区汉晋时期古人类和牲畜的同位素个案研究

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-024-02068-4

Xueye Wang, Kangkang Li, Dong Wei, Guiying Zhang, Xingjun Hu, Jing Feng, Yingxin Jiao, Bing Xu, Xiaoguang Qin, Vicky M. Oelze, Zihua Tang

{"title":"Diet along the eastern Silk Roads: an isotopic case study of ancient humans and livestock from the Han-Jin Dynasties in the Lop Nur region, northwest China","authors":"Xueye Wang, Kangkang Li, Dong Wei, Guiying Zhang, Xingjun Hu, Jing Feng, Yingxin Jiao, Bing Xu, Xiaoguang Qin, Vicky M. Oelze, Zihua Tang","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02068-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02068-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a crossroad of the ancient Silk Roads, the historic Lop Nur population of northwest China witnessed substantial cultural integration among the Han, Xiongnu, and Western Regions communities known as the ancient Loulan. However, the dietary practices of the Loulan population remains poorly understood due to the challenging, harsh environment for sampling. Here, we present human and faunal multi-isotope data from a simple-constructed cemetery dating to the Han-Jin Dynasties (130–320 AD). The results show that herbivores exhibited exceptionally high δ<sup>15</sup>N values, ranging from 10.2‰ to 15.5‰. Combined with regional climate conditions and direct evidence of extensive deposits of archeological animal manure found in Loulan sites, this phenomenon can be interpreted as indicative of extreme regional aridity and intensive fertilization. Humans had mixed C<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>4</sub>-based diets and relied on animal products. Our study indicates greater millet consumption among rural individuals compared to other more urban Loulan people. Additionally, our research reveals a much higher dietary diversity coupled with millet consumption of Loulan people in comparison to local Bronze Age communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diet in Augusta Emerita, the Iberian capital that prevailed in Roman to late antiquity transition 奥古斯塔-埃梅里塔（Augusta Emerita）国会，伊比利亚首都，罗马至古代晚期过渡时期的盛会

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-024-02031-3

Carlos D. García-Moreno, José M. Murciano Calles, Olalla López-Costas

{"title":"Diet in Augusta Emerita, the Iberian capital that prevailed in Roman to late antiquity transition","authors":"Carlos D. García-Moreno, José M. Murciano Calles, Olalla López-Costas","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02031-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02031-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Late Roman times imprinted with instability, and a consequent decline in large urban centres. In contrast, urbanization seems to have increased in <i>Augusta Emerita</i> (today Mérida), capital of <i>Lusitania</i>, because of the attractive commercial position of this powerful Christian centre. A mixed of beliefs, cultural and social backgrounds was coexisting at the core. These facts could have conditioned diet, perhaps becoming different from the surrounding rural areas, or increasing heterogeneity inside the capital. We reconstructed the diet of the largest Late Roman necropolis of Mérida, the Ampliación del MNAR (3rd -5th centuries AD), whose burial rites have been classified as no-Christian. A total of 70 humans (29 males, 14 females, 23 non-adults) were analysed for δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>col</sub> and δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>col</sub> to compare their isotopic values in bone with those of 14 animals: 6 sheep/goat, 5 cattle, 2 pigs and 1 horse. Faunal and human isotopic results indicate a trophic chain based on C<sub>3</sub> plants. Humans over 12 years old (δ<sup>13</sup>C=19.2 ± 0.8‰, δ<sup>15</sup><i>N</i> = 10.2 ± 1.3‰) seem to have had lower consumption of animal protein and C<sub>4</sub> plants than other populations from rural sites, although general diet was rather homogeneous in <i>Hispania</i>. Three outliers, one with important intake of C<sub>4</sub> plants, have been identified. Medium animal protein diet reconstructed by stable isotopes and relatively low presence of pathological markers, contrast with high infant mortality, suggesting minor stress in early life. If confirmed, limited diet might be linked to the marginal situation of pagan people in a well christianised <i>Augusta Emerita</i>, but much likely being a consequence of the decline of urban centres during Late Roman times.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iterative variation of human staples related to climate–society interactions in the North China plain between the 7th and 19th centuries 7 至 19 世纪华北平原与气候-社会互动有关的人类主食迭代变化

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-024-02051-z

Ruo Li, Wei Chen, Bing Li, Junying She, Zhixiong Zhang, Huan Liang, Peilun Liu, Yuecong Li, Minmin Ma, Guanghui Dong

{"title":"Iterative variation of human staples related to climate–society interactions in the North China plain between the 7th and 19th centuries","authors":"Ruo Li, Wei Chen, Bing Li, Junying She, Zhixiong Zhang, Huan Liang, Peilun Liu, Yuecong Li, Minmin Ma, Guanghui Dong","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02051-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02051-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Staple crops play a pivotal role in human societies. Considerable attention has been dedicated to the changes in staple crops, particularly the alternation between wheat and foxtail millet in ancient China. However, the long-term development of staple crops in historical China is still unclear. Archaeobotanical investigations at the Zhengding Kaiyuan Temple South (ZKS) excavation site, which deposited continuously from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty (618–1911 CE), have provided crucial clues. The result indicates to a recurring change in staple crops. During the Northern Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, wheat dominated, while during the Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, foxtail millet was the most important staple crop. From the combination of written and paleo-climatic records, it can be inferred that the development of watermill technology and hydraulic engineering promoted wheat cultivation during the Tang Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty. While the deterioration of climate led to a resurgence of foxtail millet during the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. This study examines the changes in staple crops and their influencing factors in the North China Plain from the 7th to the 19th centuries, emphasizing the importance of technological innovations and climate changes in shaping human societies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Copper-based metallurgy from an Early Iron Age workshop in the Middle Guadiana basin (Portugal): first evidence of imports of Mediterranean copper ingots using Pb isotopes 中瓜迪亚纳盆地（葡萄牙）早期铁器时代作坊的铜冶金：利用铅同位素首次证明地中海铜锭的进口情况

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-024-02065-7

Pedro Valério, Rui Monge Soares, António M. Monge Soares, Susana Sousa Gomes, Maria Fátima Araújo

{"title":"Copper-based metallurgy from an Early Iron Age workshop in the Middle Guadiana basin (Portugal): first evidence of imports of Mediterranean copper ingots using Pb isotopes","authors":"Pedro Valério, Rui Monge Soares, António M. Monge Soares, Susana Sousa Gomes, Maria Fátima Araújo","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02065-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02065-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cabeço Redondo is a fifth century BC archaeological site located on the left bank of the Guadiana river in the municipality of Moura (southern Portugal). The site was severely damaged by agricultural works in 1990, but among the preserved remains recorded by later archaeological surveys, a set of copper-based debris from a metallurgical workshop stands out. The set includes copper ingots, namely a large 6.4 kg fragment, a small plano-convex bronze ingot and numerous metal lumps and prills. Metal lumps and prills have a diverse elemental composition, characterised as pure copper, binary and ternary bronzes, very probably being intermediate or waste products from the manufacture of artefacts. In order to determine the provenance of the copper used by this workshop, nine samples including ingot fragments were selected for Pb isotope analysis by MC-ICP-MS, which results were complemented by minor and trace element contents determined by ICP-QMS. Crossing analytical data with archaeological evidence suggests that the majority of those metal items has an extra-peninsular provenance located on the Central Mediterranean. However, the small bronze ingot may have copper from the Iberian Peninsula, namely from the Torrubia mine (Los Pedroches Batholith complex, Central Iberian Zone). The combination of this evidence with other known imports from this period suggests an important trade originating in Central Mediterranean regions, whose products reach the inland regions of southwestern Iberian Peninsula via routes that are still uncertain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ageing wolves through crown height measurements and its implications for ageing canids 通过树冠高度测量狼的年龄及其对犬科动物年龄的影响

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-024-02064-8

Megan Bieraugle, Lei Ding, H. Dean Cluff, Naima Jutha, Robert J. Losey

{"title":"Ageing wolves through crown height measurements and its implications for ageing canids","authors":"Megan Bieraugle, Lei Ding, H. Dean Cluff, Naima Jutha, Robert J. Losey","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02064-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02064-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>People, wolves, and dogs have interacted in various ways for millennia, but most aspects of these relationships remain poorly understood. Understanding canid age at death can provide insights into these relationships and how they vary geographically, temporally, and by species. Existing methods for ageing canids are limited, highlighting a need for a method that is pragmatic, reliable, and stems from a population of known age individuals. This study uses 368 known-age modern wolves from Alberta, Yellowstone National Park, and the Northwest Territories to examine how tooth wear rates correlate with age. Wolves are employed in this study because they have relatively restricted body sizes and diets, especially in comparison to modern dogs. Our results show a moderately strong correlation (<i>r</i><-0.63 for all measurements) between tooth crown height and age when examined across the total wolf sample. Correlations improve when populations are examined individually, with the NWT wolves yielding a correlation of -0.83 for the mandibular M1-2 dimension. Body size, sexual dimorphism, and diet likely influence the variance seen in crown heights and their relationship to age, though the differences are statistically insignificant in many of our samples. Using tooth crown heights to age archaeological dogs will be more difficult due to the increased variation in body size, diet, and living conditions. Crown height measurements will be most informative about age at death when correlations are established for specific, local populations of wolves and dogs. Ultimately, the use of multiple ageing methods, including crown height measurements, cementum ageing, and perhaps cranial suture closure and obliteration, will produce the most reliable results for ancient canid remains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The early medieval origins of copper ore extraction in the Carpathian Mountains 喀尔巴阡山脉铜矿开采的中世纪早期起源

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-024-02060-y

Viktória Mozgai, Igor M. Villa, Bernadett Bajnóczi, Gergely Szenthe

{"title":"The early medieval origins of copper ore extraction in the Carpathian Mountains","authors":"Viktória Mozgai, Igor M. Villa, Bernadett Bajnóczi, Gergely Szenthe","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02060-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02060-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The case study addresses the question of the early medieval revival of copper production in Europe. The focus of the research area is the Carpathian Basin, located on the eastern periphery of the zone influenced by European early medieval processes. The research of where and when early medieval metal production started in the region in our case also provides answers to the question of how the region was linked to the European continental economic network, which is until recently an unresolved problem. Ore extraction and the production of various non-ferrous metals (copper, silver, gold) had important centres in the Carpathian Mountains throughout the Middle Ages until the Modern Era. Concerning the Avar period, our study comprises lead isotope and chemical analyses of ‘Late Avar’ (c. 8th century AD) copper rivets, used for certain purposes alongside the copper alloys predominant in the period. As rivets were selected from the entire Avar cultural area, expanding virtually to all lowland and hilly areas in the Carpathian Basin, results are representative of the entire region. It shows that Avar craftsmen producing large quantities of copper alloy objects in the 8th and the early 9th century were supplied with copper from a single mining district, from the ore deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains in the today Central Slovakia, a region which became an important metal-processing centre in the 11th century AD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02060-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0