Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences最新文献_第5页

Fresh insights into sex-specific mobility in Copper Age Perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal) provided by amelogenin peptide analysis 铜器时代性别特异性流动性的新见解Perdigões （Reguengos de Monsaraz，葡萄牙）提供了淀粉原蛋白肽分析

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02205-7

Marta Cintas-Peña, Lucy Shaw Evangelista, Antonio C. Valera, Leonardo García Sanjuán, Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Claire Koenig, Jesper V. Olsen, Fabian Kanz

{"title":"Fresh insights into sex-specific mobility in Copper Age Perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal) provided by amelogenin peptide analysis","authors":"Marta Cintas-Peña, Lucy Shaw Evangelista, Antonio C. Valera, Leonardo García Sanjuán, Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Claire Koenig, Jesper V. Olsen, Fabian Kanz","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02205-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02205-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sex estimation based on amelogenin peptides in dental enamel has opened up possibilities to study prehistoric demography in a new light. The application of this technique is of particular importance for the analysis of prehistoric collective burials, where the commingled and disarticulated nature of human remains makes sex estimations challenging. This paper presents data on the sex of 35 individuals from the Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic site of Perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal), obtained by amelogenin peptide analysis of dental enamel. The results are combined with observations on chronological and spatial distribution of the burial structures as well as strontium isotope data obtained from the same teeth. The new evidence enables the analysis of sex-specific mobility patterns, even at a site where the large majority of human remains discovered to date (MNI = 565) are heavily commingled and highly fragmented. The results show a greater number of males (<i>n</i> = 6) than females (<i>n</i> = 2) among the local individuals, and a balance between males (<i>n</i> = 14) and females (<i>n</i> = 13) among non-local ones, suggesting similar mobility for both sexes. These results are contextualized with the evidence available both for the Iberian Peninsula and the European continent. The greater female mobility observed at sites with similar chronologies in Central Europe, which has been interpreted in terms of female exogamy and patrilocality, is not replicated at Perdigões, where males and females have similar strontium isotope values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02205-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The legacy of the Roman pottery production in the alluvial landscape in Italy: traces of relict clay pits and their ancient environmental impact 意大利冲积地貌中罗马陶器生产的遗产：残余粘土坑的痕迹及其对古代环境的影响

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02202-w

Federica Vanzani, Alessandro Fontana, Giacomo Vinci, Paola Ventura

{"title":"The legacy of the Roman pottery production in the alluvial landscape in Italy: traces of relict clay pits and their ancient environmental impact","authors":"Federica Vanzani, Alessandro Fontana, Giacomo Vinci, Paola Ventura","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02202-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02202-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The topography of alluvial plains in Europe has been strongly affected and overprinted by different diachronic human activities, and modern land use has reworked geomorphological and archaeological traces, often hindering the reconstruction of past landscapes and the assessment of ancient environmental impacts. In this work, set in the distal Venetian-Friulian Plain, in northeastern Italy, we took advantage of the presence of the last remnants of semi-natural lowland forests, and we combined high-resolution remotely sensed data to detect and map a specific type of archaeological trace related to clay quarrying. Analysis of digital terrain models (DTMs) obtained from LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) revealed topographic traces underneath forested or recently deforested areas while photointerpretation of satellite and aerial imagery was crucial in detecting levelled traces. Moreover, we used hand augering techniques to assess the depth and infill material of the clay quarry evidence. Our investigation recognized nine Roman sites, consisting of hundreds of quadrangular pits (124.8 m<sup>2</sup> size – 1 m depth), which lie on top of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) alluvial clays. We infer these pits to be Roman quarried workshops connected to nearby kilns, where clays were extracted for ceramic building material (CBM) and pottery production. The unique signature of such traces, coupled with their resilience in the highly anthropized study area, underlines a Roman proto-industrial impact on the landscape, and suggests the existence of similar evidence in other plains under the Roman domain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02202-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Birds from the oven: the Middle Palaeolithic avifauna of Tabun Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel 烤箱里的鸟：以色列卡梅尔山塔本洞旧石器时代中期的鸟类

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02197-4

Linda Amos, Reuven Yeshurun, Mina Weinstein-Evron, Ron Shimelmitz

{"title":"Birds from the oven: the Middle Palaeolithic avifauna of Tabun Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel","authors":"Linda Amos, Reuven Yeshurun, Mina Weinstein-Evron, Ron Shimelmitz","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02197-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02197-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The long Middle Palaeolithic sequence of Tabun Cave covers a vital time of human dispersal across the Levant, both from Africa and from Europe. The sequence contains two of the human morphotypes found in the Levant during this period, most usually assigned to Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans, providing a unique opportunity to investigate whether there are behavioural differences between the two human groups. We approach this through the bird remains that offer a novel proxy to examine changes in the palaeoenvironment and potentially, human subsistence at Mount Carmel during the Middle Palaeolithic. We present the first systematic account of avian remains from Tabun layers C and B, along with a detailed taphonomic study. We identified 47 avian species from 27 stratified samples at Tabun Cave, including game birds, diurnal and nocturnal raptors, waterbirds, pigeons, and small songbirds. All constitute part of the present, or historically documented, avifauna of Israel, though not necessarily in the vicinity of the cave. Raptors seem to be a major depositional agent of birds in the cave, especially in the upper sedimentary unit (Tabun B). In contrast, some human contribution to the avian deposition is suggested in the lower part (Tabun C), based on the taxonomic dominance of rock doves and some evidence for cooking. Humans likely collected and exploited birds from the adjacent coastal plain, too. The identified avian taxa represent a full annual cycle of sedentary and migratory species, indicating largely similar conditions to the present day in Tabun B. Conversely, fluctuations in humidity and temperature in Tabun C were in conjunction to the most substantial human occupation of the examined sequence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02197-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying Levallois: a 3D geometric morphometric approach to Nubian technology 量化Levallois：努比亚技术的三维几何形态测量方法

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02199-2

Emily Hallinan, João Cascalheira

{"title":"Quantifying Levallois: a 3D geometric morphometric approach to Nubian technology","authors":"Emily Hallinan, João Cascalheira","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02199-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02199-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Levallois technology, a hallmark of Middle Palaeolithic stone tool manufacture, involves sophisticated core reduction strategies that have major implications for understanding human cognitive and technological evolution. However, traditional methods of analysing Levallois cores often fail to capture the nuanced variability in their morphology. This study introduces a novel application of three-dimensional geometric morphometrics (GM) to quantify the shape variability of Nubian Levallois cores from the Nile Valley and Dhofar regions. By employing this technique, we analysed core surfaces and preferential scar shapes, identifying distinct regional and technological patterns. Our results reveal significant inter-regional differences in core elongation and surface convexity, highlighting the importance of shape-oriented, rather than metric-based, analysis of prepared cores. This new GM approach offers a robust and replicable tool for investigating lithic variability and holds potential for broader applications in Palaeolithic research, enhancing our understanding of human technological adaptations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02199-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Herding in mountain pastures: diverse isotopic biographies across species in the Late Bronze Age South Caucasus 山地牧场放牧：青铜时代晚期南高加索不同物种的同位素传记

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02161-2

Hannah Chazin

{"title":"Herding in mountain pastures: diverse isotopic biographies across species in the Late Bronze Age South Caucasus","authors":"Hannah Chazin","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02161-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02161-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bioarchaeological studies of faunal remains are an important method for understanding how prehistoric groups utilized mountainous regions, offering the possibility of studying the diversity and complexity of pastoralist practices in high pastures. The Late Bronze Age (1500 − 1100 BCE) in the South Caucasus is an era when the use of high mountain areas was substantially transformed as part of the development of new forms of social, political, and economic organization. Earlier work on herding practices during this time period revealed notable diversity in the diets and birth seasonality of sheep at sites in the Tsaghkahovit Plain. This article presents strontium, carbon, and oxygen isotopes from a new sample of cattle and goat teeth, and uses the expanded assemblage of cattle and goat teeth from the sites of Gegharot and Tsaghkahovit to investigate how cattle and goat isotopic biographies differed from sheep. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope values indicate that cattle and caprines drank from different sources of water and may have had differently patterns of mobility, pointing to diversity in diets and water sources within and between these taxa. Cattle birth seasonality is neither substantially restricted or expanded. Goats show a pattern of extended birth seasonality, but one that differs from the pattern of extended birth season in sheep from these sites. These results indicate the complexity of the pastoralist system that developed at mountainous sites in the Late Bronze Age.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-specific inflammatory markers in remains from Ducové site (Slovakia): a bioarchaeological study of sinusitis in paranasal sinuses from the Late Bronze Age to Modern times 杜科维遗址（斯洛伐克）遗骸中的非特异性炎症标志物：青铜时代晚期至近代副鼻窦炎的生物考古学研究

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02210-w

Michaela Dörnhöferová, Lucia Majláthová, Silvia Bodoriková

{"title":"Non-specific inflammatory markers in remains from Ducové site (Slovakia): a bioarchaeological study of sinusitis in paranasal sinuses from the Late Bronze Age to Modern times","authors":"Michaela Dörnhöferová, Lucia Majláthová, Silvia Bodoriková","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02210-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02210-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of chronic sinusitis in an osteoarchaeological sample from the Kostolec cemetery in the Ducové village (Slovakia) dated from the Late Bronze Age (1250–1000 BC) to the Modern Age (mid 16th–mid 19th century AD). The skeletons of 1,746 individuals were examined: 13 from the Late Bronze Age (LBA), 28 from the Great Moravian Period (GM), 1,468 from the Medieval Period (M) and 237 from the Modern Age (MA). The prevalence of sinusitis was 11.11% in the LBA, 45.00% in the GM, 38.39% in the M, and 37.16% in the MA population. There were no significant differences between males and females. The hypothesis of an increasing prevalence of sinusitis with increasing age was confirmed in two populations (the M – <i>p</i> = 0.0001; the MA – <i>p</i> = 0.0038). This trend may be due to the longer exposure of older people to adverse external and internal environmental factors. In both adults and non-adults, the maxillary sinuses were the most frequently affected. The high prevalence of inflammation in the maxillary sinuses may be explained by the fact that they are mainly affected by nasal and also odontogenic infections, in contrast to inflammation in the frontal or sphenoidal sinuses, which are rare.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02210-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tools on shell at Moscerini Cave (central Italy) and MIS 5 sea level highstands: a critical insight into the modern behavior of a non-sapiens human species 莫塞里尼洞穴（意大利中部）贝壳上的工具和 MIS 5 海平面高地：对非无人类物种现代行为的重要启示

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02200-y

Fabrizio Marra, Fabio Santaniello, Stefano Grimaldi

{"title":"Tools on shell at Moscerini Cave (central Italy) and MIS 5 sea level highstands: a critical insight into the modern behavior of a non-sapiens human species","authors":"Fabrizio Marra, Fabio Santaniello, Stefano Grimaldi","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02200-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02200-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work analyzes the evidence of Neanderthal frequentation at Moscerini cave (central Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) based on the quantity and on the typology of tools produced on marine shells of <i>Callista chione</i> in comparison with the varying environmental and climatic context linked with the glacial/deglacial phases and the associated sea level oscillations during MIS 5. Thanks to the reconstruction of the paleo-coastline position in the interval 125—100 kya achieved by the recent chronostratigraphic study of Guattari, Capre and Moscerini caves and of the marine terraces along the coast between Cape Circeo and Anzio, we show the direct correspondence of the production of tools on shell with the timespans in which the cave entrance opened on the beach, directly. Finally, we highlight that production of tools on shell ended abruptly, during the regressive phase leading to MIS 5b lowstand, when the sea level dropped several tens of meters below the cave entrance. This case study provides critical reflections on the alleged modern behavior of Neanderthals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02200-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geochemical and Pb isotopic constraints on the provenance of the Lupa Capitolina bronze statue Lupa Capitolina铜像物源的地球化学和铅同位素约束

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02176-9

Massimiliano Clemenza, Ettore Fiorini, Francesca Marchegiani, Stefano Nisi, Marco Rendeli, Pier R. Trincherini, Igor M. Villa

{"title":"Geochemical and Pb isotopic constraints on the provenance of the Lupa Capitolina bronze statue","authors":"Massimiliano Clemenza, Ettore Fiorini, Francesca Marchegiani, Stefano Nisi, Marco Rendeli, Pier R. Trincherini, Igor M. Villa","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02176-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02176-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Newly reanalyzed samples from the bronze statue of the Lupa Capitolina have provided lead isotope and trace element data. The lead isotope results coincide with those previously reported in the literature, but are approximately 20 times more precise. The high-resolution lead isotope analyses and the compositional data, especially lead concentrations higher than those found in copper ores, clearly reveal a mixing trend during the casting process. The addition of lead as a flux makes the lead isotopic composition unsuitable for determining the provenance of the bronze. However, comparisons with available data on bronze artifacts from the same epoch as the Lupa Capitolina statue (11th–12th centuries AD) support evidence of the monopolistic copper trade during the early Frankish and later Germanic imperial periods. Furthermore, element zoning in the Lupa Capitolina highlights details of successive melting within the metallurgical chaîne opératoire. Lead and other trace metals may have become enriched at the statue’s surface due to slow cooling after casting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02176-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carrying capacity and meat availability for the Neanderthal groups in the upper valley of the Lozoya River (Madrid, Spain): a key region for the study of their ecosystems in Central Iberia 洛索亚河上游河谷（西班牙马德里）尼安德特人的携带能力和肉类供应：研究他们在伊比利亚中部生态系统的关键区域

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02195-6

Lucía Molino, Guillermo Rodríguez-Gómez, Theodoros Karampaglidis, Beatriz Trejo, Jesús A. Martín-González, Enrique Baquedano, Juan Luis Arsuaga

{"title":"Carrying capacity and meat availability for the Neanderthal groups in the upper valley of the Lozoya River (Madrid, Spain): a key region for the study of their ecosystems in Central Iberia","authors":"Lucía Molino, Guillermo Rodríguez-Gómez, Theodoros Karampaglidis, Beatriz Trejo, Jesús A. Martín-González, Enrique Baquedano, Juan Luis Arsuaga","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02195-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02195-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Located in the upper valley of the Lozoya River, Cueva del Camino (Madrid, Spain) is one of the richest Early Pleistocene paleontological sites in the Iberian Peninsula. The results of the work carried out over the last three decades have led to the interpretation of the site as a hyena den with intermittent human presence. The faunal assemblage of layer 05 of Cueva del Camino dates to about 90 ka (MIS 5c) and includes small, medium, and large mammals. The presence of lithic industry and Neanderthal remains provide valuable insights into the strategies of past human groups in their access to animal resources. This study aims to determine the ecological conditions and availability of meat resources in the large mammal paleocommunity of Cueva del Camino by estimating carrying capacity (CC) and meat availability (TAB) in the upper valley of the Lozoya River. The estimates show a predominance of species with extreme body masses (either very small or very large) for CC, while TAB is mostly concentrated in small species. To evaluate and contextualize these estimates, the results were compared with other Pleistocene paleoecosystems of the Iberian Peninsula and with modern ecosystems. The upper valley of the Lozoya River reflects similar conditions to some Pleistocene faunal assemblages in Sierra de Atapuerca, such as Gran Dolina and Galería, and to the Serengeti National Park in the case of modern ecosystems. Based on density estimates and population size, the upper valley of the Lozoya River closely resembles populations of contemporary hunter-gatherer groups, and its conditions may have been sufficient to support a Neanderthal group of approximately 34 individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02195-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling Ming vassal policy through the chemical composition analysis of gold enfeoffment books 通过对金分册的化学成分分析揭示明藩政策

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02196-5

Tian Liu, Zhiyan Liu, Siran Liu

{"title":"Unveiling Ming vassal policy through the chemical composition analysis of gold enfeoffment books","authors":"Tian Liu, Zhiyan Liu, Siran Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02196-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02196-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ancestral fief system was a traditional Chinese political practice in which the emperor granted his brothers and sons territories as vassal kings—a process known as enfeoffment—to consolidate national stability. Enfeoffment, a term rooted in feudal governance, refers to the formal act of granting land or titles in exchange for loyalty and service. This system reached its peak during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE), which introduced specific policies for managing vassal kings. Gold enfeoffment books, physical tokens of this system, reflect the Ming government's stance toward vassal kings. This study employed portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to analyse twelve gold books given by the Ming royal court to the Rong vassal state to reveal the diachronic change of their compositional characteristics. These books are all found to be ternary alloys of Au, Ag, and Cu but show a significant declining trend in their Au content from the Hongzhi to the Chongzhen eras (1501–1634 CE). Two major compositional changes of the gold books coincided with the promulgation of the \"Regulations of Clans and vassals\" during the Jiajing era (1522–1566 CE) and the implementation of the \"Fixed Benefits System\" during the Wanli era (1573 -1620 CE). The material characteristics of the gold books evidenced the rise, sustenance, and eventual collapse of the ancestral fief system during the Ming dynasty.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0