Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Go north: Isotope and aDNA analysis reconstructing the life history of a first-generation immigrant in the early Western Zhou Yan state","authors":"Xinyi Ouyang,&nbsp;Nina An,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Chen Duan,&nbsp;Yingliang Yang,&nbsp;YiHsien Lin,&nbsp;Chao Ning,&nbsp;Jingning Guo,&nbsp;Xiaohong Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02546-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02546-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Shang-Zhou transition (ca. 1046 BCE) marked a pivotal phase in the formation of the early Chinese state. Following the Zhou conquest of the Shang, the Western Zhou dynasty implemented an enfeoffment system (<i>f</i><i>engjian</i> 封建), redistributing territories to royal kin and trusted allies to consolidate control over newly acquired lands. This system facilitated the integration of diverse regional populations into a unified political framework. However, the fate of former Shang elites under Zhou rule remains poorly understood. Key questions persist: Were these communities forcefully subdued, relocated, or incorporated into the new regime? Although historical texts briefly mention Shang descendants, these references have fueled ongoing archaeological efforts to identify such individuals through material culture. Nevertheless, direct bioarchaeological evidence remains limited, leaving many aspects of their lived experiences under Zhou rule unresolved. Archaeological discoveries at the Liulihe site—the capital of the Yan vassal state in present-day Beijing—provide crucial material for addressing these issues. This study conducts a multidisciplinary analysis of human remains from two newly excavated noble tombs at Liulihe, integrating archaeological context (including bronze inscriptions), radiocarbon dating, and multiple isotopic and ancient DNA analyses. The tomb features, inscriptions, and radiocarbon dating suggest that the M1902 individual was associated with Shang-descendant groups who moved to Liulihe following the Western Zhou enfeoffment. Genetic and strontium isotope analyses are consistent with an origin in the Yellow River region and indicate that his early-childhood residence differed from Liulihe. Dietary analysis reveals that he maintained a stable diet throughout his lifetime, consuming a higher proportion of animal-derived protein compared to local commoners at Liulihe. The comprehensive bioarchaeological profile of this individual offers rare insight into the lived experience of Shang descendants under Western Zhou rule and reflects the dynasty’s emphasis on peaceful incorporation during its early expansion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02546-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Go north: Isotope and aDNA analysis reconstructing the life history of a first-generation immigrant in the early Western Zhou Yan state","authors":"Xinyi Ouyang,&nbsp;Nina An,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Chen Duan,&nbsp;Yingliang Yang,&nbsp;YiHsien Lin,&nbsp;Chao Ning,&nbsp;Jingning Guo,&nbsp;Xiaohong Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02546-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02546-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Shang-Zhou transition (ca. 1046 BCE) marked a pivotal phase in the formation of the early Chinese state. Following the Zhou conquest of the Shang, the Western Zhou dynasty implemented an enfeoffment system (<i>f</i><i>engjian</i> 封建), redistributing territories to royal kin and trusted allies to consolidate control over newly acquired lands. This system facilitated the integration of diverse regional populations into a unified political framework. However, the fate of former Shang elites under Zhou rule remains poorly understood. Key questions persist: Were these communities forcefully subdued, relocated, or incorporated into the new regime? Although historical texts briefly mention Shang descendants, these references have fueled ongoing archaeological efforts to identify such individuals through material culture. Nevertheless, direct bioarchaeological evidence remains limited, leaving many aspects of their lived experiences under Zhou rule unresolved. Archaeological discoveries at the Liulihe site—the capital of the Yan vassal state in present-day Beijing—provide crucial material for addressing these issues. This study conducts a multidisciplinary analysis of human remains from two newly excavated noble tombs at Liulihe, integrating archaeological context (including bronze inscriptions), radiocarbon dating, and multiple isotopic and ancient DNA analyses. The tomb features, inscriptions, and radiocarbon dating suggest that the M1902 individual was associated with Shang-descendant groups who moved to Liulihe following the Western Zhou enfeoffment. Genetic and strontium isotope analyses are consistent with an origin in the Yellow River region and indicate that his early-childhood residence differed from Liulihe. Dietary analysis reveals that he maintained a stable diet throughout his lifetime, consuming a higher proportion of animal-derived protein compared to local commoners at Liulihe. The comprehensive bioarchaeological profile of this individual offers rare insight into the lived experience of Shang descendants under Western Zhou rule and reflects the dynasty’s emphasis on peaceful incorporation during its early expansion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02546-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingerprint ridge density analyses with ancient clay sealings","authors":"Siobhan Shinn","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02549-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02549-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The research presented in this article begins to address the benefits and drawbacks of employing paleo dermatoglyphics (i.e. ancient fingerprint analysis) with archaeological sealing data. Specifically, it investigates whether fingerprint ridge density is a viable tool for identifying sealers’ biological sexes. My data derive from clay sealings excavated at Shalfak fortress in Sudan dated to the Middle Kingdom (ca. 2055–1650 <span>bce</span>). Each sealing examined was assessed for whether it had a fingerprint, the fingerprint could be accurately photographed, and the fingerprint’s ridge density could be accurately calculated and interpreted as belonging to either a male or female. Further, the information obtained was assessed as to whether it added new information or shed light on females in administration and countersealing, key issues discussed in sealing studies today. Ultimately, the results demonstrate fingerprint ridge density is a viable and useful tool.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingerprint ridge density analyses with ancient clay sealings","authors":"Siobhan Shinn","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02549-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02549-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The research presented in this article begins to address the benefits and drawbacks of employing paleo dermatoglyphics (i.e. ancient fingerprint analysis) with archaeological sealing data. Specifically, it investigates whether fingerprint ridge density is a viable tool for identifying sealers’ biological sexes. My data derive from clay sealings excavated at Shalfak fortress in Sudan dated to the Middle Kingdom (ca. 2055–1650 <span>bce</span>). Each sealing examined was assessed for whether it had a fingerprint, the fingerprint could be accurately photographed, and the fingerprint’s ridge density could be accurately calculated and interpreted as belonging to either a male or female. Further, the information obtained was assessed as to whether it added new information or shed light on females in administration and countersealing, key issues discussed in sealing studies today. Ultimately, the results demonstrate fingerprint ridge density is a viable and useful tool.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific analysis of hammerscales excavated from the Chengba and Guantian sites (‌50 BC to AD 400‌) in Southwest China","authors":"Chenxiaoxue Jia,&nbsp;Tianqiang Sun,&nbsp;Linheng Mo,&nbsp;Fuyao Tan,&nbsp;Hang Xiao,&nbsp;Qiang Li,&nbsp;Chenxi Liang,&nbsp;Yuming Xu,&nbsp;Jake Glover,&nbsp;Yuniu Li","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02548-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02548-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of hammerscale is a key for identifying ancient forging sites and restoring iron and steel forging processes, while the systematic research on hammerscale from Han-Jin periods sites in southwest China is still insufficient, and a unified identification standard for archaeological hammerscale has not been formed in China. In this paper, 21 ancient hammerscale samples excavated from Chengba site (Sichuan) and Guantian site (Hunan) were taken as the research objects, with 4 modern traditional forging hammerscale samples as the control group. Metallographic microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis were used to carry out systematic scientific analysis on the microstructure and chemical composition of the samples. The results show that the core identification indicators of archaeological hammerscale are the microstructure has a layered iron oxide structure formed by high-temperature forging oxidation, or chain silicate inclusions distributed along the forging direction; the main component is iron oxide (often &gt; 90%), and the trace element characteristics are related to raw materials, fuel and flux in the forging process. There are significant differences in the content of CaO, SO₃ and P₂O₅ between ancient and modern samples, which are mainly caused by the differences in smelting and forging processes, fuel types and raw material background. This study clarifies the formation mechanism of hammerscale and its indicative significance for forging technology, provides a standardized identification basis for forging relics in field archaeological work, and supplements basic comparative data for the study of iron and steel forging technology in the Han-Jin periods in southwest China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific analysis of hammerscales excavated from the Chengba and Guantian sites (‌50 BC to AD 400‌) in Southwest China","authors":"Chenxiaoxue Jia,&nbsp;Tianqiang Sun,&nbsp;Linheng Mo,&nbsp;Fuyao Tan,&nbsp;Hang Xiao,&nbsp;Qiang Li,&nbsp;Chenxi Liang,&nbsp;Yuming Xu,&nbsp;Jake Glover,&nbsp;Yuniu Li","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02548-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02548-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of hammerscale is a key for identifying ancient forging sites and restoring iron and steel forging processes, while the systematic research on hammerscale from Han-Jin periods sites in southwest China is still insufficient, and a unified identification standard for archaeological hammerscale has not been formed in China. In this paper, 21 ancient hammerscale samples excavated from Chengba site (Sichuan) and Guantian site (Hunan) were taken as the research objects, with 4 modern traditional forging hammerscale samples as the control group. Metallographic microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis were used to carry out systematic scientific analysis on the microstructure and chemical composition of the samples. The results show that the core identification indicators of archaeological hammerscale are the microstructure has a layered iron oxide structure formed by high-temperature forging oxidation, or chain silicate inclusions distributed along the forging direction; the main component is iron oxide (often &gt; 90%), and the trace element characteristics are related to raw materials, fuel and flux in the forging process. There are significant differences in the content of CaO, SO₃ and P₂O₅ between ancient and modern samples, which are mainly caused by the differences in smelting and forging processes, fuel types and raw material background. This study clarifies the formation mechanism of hammerscale and its indicative significance for forging technology, provides a standardized identification basis for forging relics in field archaeological work, and supplements basic comparative data for the study of iron and steel forging technology in the Han-Jin periods in southwest China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological variability and raw material procurement in the Cantabrian Lower Magdalenian: Level G1 at El Cierro Cave (Ribadesella, Asturias, Spain)","authors":"Diego Herrero-Alonso,&nbsp;Sergio Martín-Jarque,&nbsp;Antonio Tarriño,&nbsp;David Álvarez-Alonso,&nbsp;Selina Delgado-Raack,&nbsp;Alejandro Prieto,&nbsp;Jesús F. Jordá Pardo,&nbsp;Esteban Álvarez-Fernández","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02540-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02540-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the lithic assemblage from Level G1 of El Cierro Cave (northern Spain), attributed to the Cantabrian Lower Magdalenian. The study comprises 2,829 items, including 2,800 knapped artefacts, six macrolithic tools and 23 unmodified pebbles. Lithic procurement is dominated by flint, followed by quartzite and minor amounts of quartz. Eleven flint types have been identified, with local raw materials prevailing, while regional and tracer groups occur in lower proportions, indicating selective long-distance connections within the Basque-Cantabrian Basin. Technological analysis reveals complete operational chains for flake production using locally available resources, alongside greater variability in laminar reduction strategies. Blade production is limited and clearly subordinate to flake-oriented technologies. The retouched tool assemblage, dominated by endscrapers, conforms to typical Upper Palaeolithic techno-typological patterns, whereas backed bladelets are poorly represented. Use-wear analysis indicates a range of activities involving macrolithic tools, potentially linked to both lithic production and the processing of organic materials. Overall, the Level G1 assemblage at El Cierro is characterised by a strong reliance on local raw materials, restricted circulation of distant flints and low investment in laminar production, reflecting procurement strategies operating primarily at a local scale and a technological organisation adapted to domestic activities and reduced mobility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02540-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological variability and raw material procurement in the Cantabrian Lower Magdalenian: Level G1 at El Cierro Cave (Ribadesella, Asturias, Spain)","authors":"Diego Herrero-Alonso,&nbsp;Sergio Martín-Jarque,&nbsp;Antonio Tarriño,&nbsp;David Álvarez-Alonso,&nbsp;Selina Delgado-Raack,&nbsp;Alejandro Prieto,&nbsp;Jesús F. Jordá Pardo,&nbsp;Esteban Álvarez-Fernández","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02540-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02540-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the lithic assemblage from Level G1 of El Cierro Cave (northern Spain), attributed to the Cantabrian Lower Magdalenian. The study comprises 2,829 items, including 2,800 knapped artefacts, six macrolithic tools and 23 unmodified pebbles. Lithic procurement is dominated by flint, followed by quartzite and minor amounts of quartz. Eleven flint types have been identified, with local raw materials prevailing, while regional and tracer groups occur in lower proportions, indicating selective long-distance connections within the Basque-Cantabrian Basin. Technological analysis reveals complete operational chains for flake production using locally available resources, alongside greater variability in laminar reduction strategies. Blade production is limited and clearly subordinate to flake-oriented technologies. The retouched tool assemblage, dominated by endscrapers, conforms to typical Upper Palaeolithic techno-typological patterns, whereas backed bladelets are poorly represented. Use-wear analysis indicates a range of activities involving macrolithic tools, potentially linked to both lithic production and the processing of organic materials. Overall, the Level G1 assemblage at El Cierro is characterised by a strong reliance on local raw materials, restricted circulation of distant flints and low investment in laminar production, reflecting procurement strategies operating primarily at a local scale and a technological organisation adapted to domestic activities and reduced mobility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02540-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse life histories and childhood socialization during the middle and late Dawenkou period: incremental dentin isotope evidence from the Jiaojia site, China","authors":"Meng Liu,&nbsp;Zhongming Tang,&nbsp;Yongsheng Zhao,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Shuai Yao,&nbsp;Yu Dong,&nbsp;Fen Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02544-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02544-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investigating childhood socialization can enhance our comprehensions of families and the overall society in the past. Previous studies paid little attention to subadults, and the evidence on the intergenerational inheritance of wealth and status is still lacking. Stable isotope analysis of incremental dentin and bones enables the reconstruction of individual life histories and provides a new dimension to the study of social stratification and childhood socialization. We conducted stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on incremental dentin, limb bones, and ribs of individuals from the middle and late Dawenkou period, the Jiaojia site. Results indicate that Jiaojia people have diverse weaning patterns and individual life histories. The 22 individuals in this study were divided into four groups: “typical” weaning, millet weaning, “stress”, and non-local groups. Comparisons among groups of different burial lavishness indicated that the elites consistently consumed more high-protein C₃ foods, from childhood to adulthood, while the ordinary people maintained a C₄-dominant diet. The dietary differentiation was related to the development of privatization of family wealth and social stratification. Both dietary and mortuary practices showed there are observable differences among subadults, and indicated the diversity and complexity of childhood socialization. This study demonstrates that multidimensional investigations including diet, health, and mortuary practices could provide critical evidence on the process of prehistoric social stratification and childhood socialization. Only by studying both subadults and adults can we piece together the whole picture of complex ancient societies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02544-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary analysis reveals the genetic origins, dietary structure and living conditions of Ming Great Wall residents in Shaanxi, China","authors":"Chenshuang Sun,&nbsp;Yao Yu,&nbsp;Baoshuai Zhang,&nbsp;Pengfei Sheng,&nbsp;Yaohan Wu,&nbsp;Hetong Wen,&nbsp;Chunlei Yu,&nbsp;Pianpian Wei,&nbsp;Shaoqing Wen","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02545-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02545-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The border region, which lies between different regimes, is highly regarded because of its diverse population, dietary habits, and living conditions. The population around the Great Wall was particularly intriguing during the Ming Dynasty, but it remains unstudied archaeologically. The study uses a multidisciplinary approach that includes paleopathology, isotope analysis, and ancient DNA analysis to investigate two individuals found in a Ming Dynasty military fortress at Qingping Fort. Both individuals were middle-aged males. Pathological examinations revealed nasal bone fractures in both individuals, possibly indicating violent interactions within their group or small-scale inter-group conflict. Carbon isotope analysis indicated that their diet predominantly consisted of C4 plants, which reflected their dietary pattern of millet consumption. Nevertheless, the low δ¹⁵N values implied limited meat intake. The paleopathological evidence, in conjunction with these findings, suggests that the individuals lived in a harsh environment. Based on the analysis of ancient DNA and strontium isotopes, it seems that the individuals are most likely from the Yellow River Basin, and there is no evidence of Eastern steppe ancestry. These findings tentatively suggest that at least some residents of Qingping Fort during the Ming dynasty had close genetic connections with Central Plains populations. Given the small sample size, our conclusions are preliminary, and they emphasize the necessity for future studies with an expanded sample. This work offers a starting point for comprehending the lives of residents in Ming frontier societies and underscores the significance of integrating archaeology with a multidisciplinary approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}