Ritual Burials in a Prehistoric Mining Shaft in the Krumlov Forest (Czechia)

IF 2 2区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI:10.1007/s12520-025-02251-1

Eva Vaníčková, Kateřina Vymazalová, Lenka Vargová, Zdeněk Tvrdý, Martin Oliva, Kristýna Brzobohatá, Dana Fialová, Radim Skoupý, Vladislav Krzyžánek, Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Eva Drozdová

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Abstract

The Krumlov Forest (Czechia) revealed one of the largest chert mining fields in Europe, dated from the Mesolithic to the Hallstatt period. The largest shafts of the Late Lengyel culture were located on a slope below a re-deposited boulder. Shaft No. 4 yielded two skeletons of females; the lower one had a newborn placed on her breasts. Both females were found to be the shortest of the then population as a whole; they were weak, diseased and poorly fed during their childhood. By contrast, as adults they were fed with meat and carried out heavy work, which is corroborated by marked muscle attachments and vertebral degeneration. Genetic analysis proved that both females were relatives. In order to complete the story of these women, the conclusions mentioned were supplemented with an anthropological reconstruction of their appearance.

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克鲁姆洛夫森林（捷克）史前矿井中的仪式埋葬

克鲁姆洛夫森林（捷克）揭示了欧洲最大的燧石矿区之一，可以追溯到中石器时代到哈尔施塔特时期。冷热尔文化晚期最大的竖井位于一个重新沉积的巨石下面的斜坡上。4号井出土了两具女性骨骼；下面那位乳房上放着一个新生儿。两种雌性都是当时整个种群中最矮的；他们在童年时期体弱多病，食不蔽体。相比之下，成年后，它们以肉为食，从事繁重的工作，这一点得到了明显的肌肉附着和脊椎退化的证实。遗传分析证明，这两个雌性都是近亲。为了使这些妇女的故事完整，上述结论还补充了对她们外表的人类学重建。

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来源期刊

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

18.20%

发文量

199

期刊介绍： Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences covers the full spectrum of natural scientific methods with an emphasis on the archaeological contexts and the questions being studied. It bridges the gap between archaeologists and natural scientists providing a forum to encourage the continued integration of scientific methodologies in archaeological research. Coverage in the journal includes: archaeology, geology/geophysical prospection, geoarchaeology, geochronology, palaeoanthropology, archaeozoology and archaeobotany, genetics and other biomolecules, material analysis and conservation science. The journal is endorsed by the German Society of Natural Scientific Archaeology and Archaeometry (GNAA), the Hellenic Society for Archaeometry (HSC), the Association of Italian Archaeometrists (AIAr) and the Society of Archaeological Sciences (SAS).