Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry最新文献

{"title":"Iodine oxidation-driven enhancement in preconcentration and ICP-MS/MS detection of 129I in environmental water","authors":"Weixian Wang, Hui Xu, Shan Xing, Yu Wang, Bingyang Meng, Xiang Zhou, Jia Zhan, He Zhao, Haisong Tang and Nana Chai","doi":"10.1039/D5JA00450K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA00450K","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <small>¹²⁹</small>I is a key isotope for assessing environmental safety at nuclear contaminated sites. The routine monitoring of <small>¹²⁹</small>I in contaminated water demands a more sensitive and efficient method. In this study, a modified chemical vapor generation (CVG) method was developed for the determination of ultra-trace <small>¹²⁹</small>I in water samples by ICP-MS/MS. Residual I<small>⁻</small> on the spray chamber wall is oxidized to I<small>₂</small> vapor by NaNO<small>₂</small>, synchronously enhancing both <small>¹²⁹</small>I and <small>¹²⁷</small>I signals by approximately 10 to 30 times. Notably, the method required only 0.2 mL of sample and exhibits reduced carryover effects compared with conventional CVG and PCVG. The limit of detection (LOD) of the developed method for <small>¹²⁹</small>I was 0.146 pg mL<small>⁻¹</small>, which is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of previous methods. In addition, a concise iodine preconcentration method was also developed for water samples. Iodide (I<small>⁻</small>) was oxidized to volatile I<small>₂</small>, which was trapped in a small volume of 0.005% NaHSO<small>₃</small> solution for direct measurement, avoiding the conventional addition of an <small>¹²⁷</small>I carrier. The current method yielded <small>¹²⁹</small>I results for contaminated groundwater samples that were consistent with the traditional approach. Overall, the developed method is accurate, robust, and convenient for the determination of ultra-trace <small>¹²⁹</small>I in environmental water, making it well-suited for routine monitoring applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 5","pages":" 1689-1700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZMT04 muscovite as a potential Rb–Sr geochronological reference material: preliminary characterization by ID-MS coupled with improved Sr-specific extraction chromatography","authors":"Tianqi Cui, Zhuyin Chu, Wenbei Shi, Yueheng Yang, Wanfeng Zhang, Chao Huang and Peng Peng","doi":"10.1039/D5JA00379B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA00379B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study addresses critical analytical challenges in Rb–Sr isotopic dating of high-Rb/Sr minerals such as muscovite, particularly matrix effects and complete Rb–Sr separation. We report systematic improvements to Sr-specific extraction chromatography, notably the use of an HCl–HNO<small>₃</small> mixed acid medium, instead of HNO<small>₃</small> alone, for column loading after HF–HNO<small>₃</small> digestion, effectively preventing SrF<small>₂</small> precipitation. Additionally, matrix elements were eluted using 7 mol L<small>⁻¹</small> HNO<small>₃</small>, minimizing matrix interference while ensuring efficient Rb removal and high Sr recovery (&gt;85%). Coupled with isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID-MS), the procedure enables high-precision Rb–Sr analysis of samples with extremely high Rb/Sr ratios (<em>e.g.</em>, muscovite, &gt;100 to &gt;1000). Reproducibility was validated using the potassium feldspar Rb–Sr standard NIST 607, yielding results consistent with published values. The method was applied to two randomly selected units (8–3, <em>n</em> = 15; 8–13, <em>n</em> = 9) from the 196-bottle batch of the K–Ar/Ar–Ar muscovite standard ZMT04. The preliminary characterization yielded Rb = 1227 ± 17 µg g<small>⁻¹</small>, Sr = 13.07 ± 0.18 µg g<small>⁻¹</small>, <small>⁸⁷</small>Rb/<small>⁸⁶</small>Sr = 843.1 ± 3.8, and <small>⁸⁷</small>Sr/<small>⁸⁶</small>Sr = 22.217 ± 0.089 (expanded uncertainties, <em>k</em> = 2). Combined with recently collected TPS muscovite from the same pegmatite, the data define a well-constrained isochron corresponding to an age of 1802.7 ± 1.4 Ma with an initial <small>⁸⁷</small>Sr/<small>⁸⁶</small>Sr of 0.705. These results demonstrate the strong potential of ZMT04 as a high-<small>⁸⁷</small>Rb/<small>⁸⁶</small>Sr reference material for quality assurance in Rb–Sr geochronology using ID-TIMS and MC-ICP-MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 5","pages":" 1784-1793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainties in isotopic ratio measurements of individual silver nanoparticles using multiple-collector ICP-mass spectrometry","authors":"Shuji Yamashita, Kota Yamamoto and Takafumi Hirata","doi":"10.1039/D6JA00024J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6JA00024J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A critical evaluation of measurement uncertainties for the isotopic ratio of individual silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was performed using multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) equipped with high-gain Faraday detectors with 10<small>¹³</small>-ohm amplifiers. In this study, a continuous ion monitoring (CIM) protocol was used to minimise the influence of the slow response of the Faraday amplifiers. The measured <small>¹⁰⁹</small>Ag/<small>¹⁰⁷</small>Ag ratios were 0.938 ± 0.209 for 40 nm Ag NPs, 0.948 ± 0.141 for 60 nm Ag NPs, 0.943 ± 0.051 for 80 nm Ag NPs, 0.934 ± 0.029 for 100 nm Ag NPs, and 0.938 ± 0.011 for 200 nm Ag NPs, corresponding to relative deviations from the natural isotopic ratio of 0.54% (40 nm), 2.04% (60 nm), 1.51% (80 nm), 0.54% (100 nm), and 0.97% (200 nm), respectively. The expanded relative uncertainty (<em>k</em> = 2) for the <small>¹⁰⁹</small>Ag/<small>¹⁰⁷</small>Ag ratio of individual Ag NPs ranged from 15.3% for 40 nm Ag NPs (<em>i.e.</em>, <em>ca.</em> 10 000 counts per particle event) to 0.66% for 100 nm Ag NPs (<em>i.e.</em>, <em>ca.</em> 600 000 counts per particle event), primarily dictated by the signal intensities of the Ag isotopes. The major sources of uncertainty were (a) counting statistics of signals generated by individual NPs, (b) background ion currents, and (c) fluctuations in background ion currents. The results demonstrate that increasing signal intensity and minimising background signals are critical for reducing uncertainty and achieving high-precision isotopic ratio measurements of individual NPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 5","pages":" 1713-1720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Towards advanced mineral identification for future space mining applications employing LIBS and machine learning","authors":"Homa Saeidfirozeh, Ashwin Kumar Myakalwar, Pavlína Šeborová, Ján Žabka, Bernd Abel, Petr Kubelík and Martin Ferus","doi":"10.1039/D6JA90012G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6JA90012G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Towards advanced mineral identification for future space mining applications employing LIBS and machine learning’ by Homa Saeidfirozeh <em>et al.</em>, <em>J. Anal. At. Spectrom.</em>, 2026, <strong>41</strong>, 615–632, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA00377F.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 4","pages":" 1561-1561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ja/d6ja90012g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task-oriented comparison and fusion of spectra and acoustic signals in LIBS for alloy analysis: from identification to quantitative measurement","authors":"Huiping Chai, Xuechen Niu, Honghua Ma, Deng Zhang and Lianbo Guo","doi":"10.1039/D5JA00485C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA00485C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been widely applied in alloy elemental analysis. However, reliance solely on spectra makes it difficult to fully capture all the information related to the laser–material interaction and plasma evolution processes, thereby limiting the analytical capability of this technique. To overcome this limitation, this study introduces acoustic signals generated during laser ablation as a complementary information source and proposes a fusion framework of spectra and acoustic signals for alloy characterization. The respective and combined capabilities of acoustic signals and spectra were systematically evaluated in both qualitative classification and quantitative regression tasks for micro-alloyed steel samples. A series of classification models (DT, KNN, and SVC) and regression models (SVR, PLSR) were constructed. The experimental results show that the fused data consistently outperform individual signals in both classification and regression tasks, exhibiting higher performance, robustness, and generalizability. Furthermore, for individual signals, acoustic signals and spectra each demonstrate strengths in different tasks. Specifically, acoustic signals, owing to their higher information density and lower dimensionality, perform better than spectra in relatively simple classification tasks. Among them, the SVC classification model built on acoustic signals achieved an accuracy of 1.0000 on both the training and test sets, comparable to the performance based on fused data. In contrast, for more complex quantitative analysis tasks, spectra show superior predictive capability due to their direct correlation with elemental content. For example, the PLSR regression model for Cr based on spectra performed better, with RMSE, STD, and RSD on the test set of 0.0207, 0.0197, and 15.0750% respectively, compared to 0.0337, 0.0329, and 27.3185% for the model based on acoustic signals. These findings fully confirm that each type of signal emphasizes distinct aspects of information representation, highlighting their complementary roles in capturing the physical and chemical properties of samples. Therefore, in practical applications, selecting an appropriate data type requires a comprehensive consideration of the scenario, task objectives, and performance requirements to balance performance, efficiency, and resource constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 5","pages":" 1753-1763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3-Dimensional nonstationary model of electromagnetism and gas dynamics of spectrochemical inductively coupled plasma with flat-plate inductors","authors":"Anton Melnikov, Albert Gilmutdinov, Sergey Nikiforov and Konstantin Nagulin","doi":"10.1039/D5JA00348B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA00348B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High-quality spectrochemical analysis based on inductively coupled plasma requires uniform and stable plasma conditions. This study investigates, <em>via</em> 3D magnetohydrodynamic modeling, the impact of inductor geometry on plasma stability. The model shows that the geometry of standard helical inductors can lead to asymmetric plasma fields, which result in torch deflection and turbulent backflow. In contrast, flat-plate inductors achieve improved symmetry by eliminating helical-driven inhomogeneities, while idealized closed ring inductors serve as a theoretical benchmark. Key findings suggest flat-plate inductors as a potentially optimal choice for analytical precision and providing a foundation for improving plasma spectrometer design, particularly in signal stability and torch efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 5","pages":" 1764-1773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on corrosion transfer methods: a reliable strategy for quantitative analysis of intergranular corrosion susceptibility in aluminum alloys","authors":"Zhihui Tian, Peng Wang, Zhong Zheng, Long Qian, Lizhu Kang, Zhanjian Lin, Juhong Tong, Qingdong Zeng and Xiangyou Li","doi":"10.1039/D5JA00394F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA00394F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The susceptibility of Al–Mg alloys to sensitization during thermal exposure, leading to intergranular corrosion (IGC) <em>via</em> grain boundary β-phase (Al<small>₃</small>Mg<small>₂</small>) precipitation, poses a significant threat to their structural integrity in marine applications. Quantitative assessment of the degree of sensitization (DoS) remains a challenge, as standard methods like the nitric acid mass loss test (NAMLT) are destructive and slow, while direct laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) suffers from insufficient spatial resolution and strong matrix effects. Herein, we propose a strategy that integrates a corrosion transfer technique with LIBS. This approach addresses two persistent challenges—matrix effects and spatial resolution limitations—by physically isolating grain-boundary β-phase precipitates from the aluminum alloy matrix onto a paper substrate. This transfer converts heterogeneous bulk analysis into homogeneous trace analysis, enhancing quantification accuracy. This work presents a novel corrosion transfer approach coupled with LIBS to overcome these limitations. The method selectively extracts grain boundary precipitates onto a filter paper substrate <em>via</em> an optimized ammonium persulfate etching process, effectively isolating the analyte from the aluminum matrix. This transfer eliminates matrix effects and bypasses spatial resolution constraints by concentrating the target phases. The strategy was evaluated on 5083 and 5456 aluminum alloys with varying DoS. The transferred samples were analyzed by LIBS, and the spectra were processed using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) to establish a quantitative model against NAMLT reference values. The models for both alloy series achieved high predictive accuracy, with coefficients of determination (<em>R</em><small>²</small>) exceeding 0.9, root mean square errors (RMSE) of ≤5 mg cm<small>⁻²</small>, and average relative errors (ARE) reduced to approximately 20%. The results demonstrate that the corrosion transfer-LIBS technique provides a rapid, micro-destructive, and reliable strategy for quantifying IGC susceptibility. Its accuracy and efficiency meet the demands for industrial field inspection, showing significant potential for high-throughput quality control and lifetime assessment of critical aluminum components.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 5","pages":" 1736-1744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate isotopic analysis of nitrate and nitrite in freshwater: integration of ion exchange and bacterial denitrification methods","authors":"Jing Hu, Shao-jie Yao, Miao-miao Feng, Yu-liang Li, Hao-yu Ren, Kai-li Yang and Wei-guo Liu","doi":"10.1039/D5JA00363F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA00363F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The bacterial denitrification method (<em>Pseudomonas aureofaciens</em>) is a widely used pretreatment technique for nitrogen and oxygen isotope analysis of nitrate (NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>) and nitrite (NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small>), but concurrent reduction of both species (NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> and NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small>) to N<small>₂</small>O obscures their individual isotopic signals. This study developed an integrated ion-exchange (AG1-X8 resin) and denitrification for the methods, achieving quantitative NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>/NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> separation (0.25 mol per L KCl for NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> and 0.5 mol per L HCl for NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> at 0.5–3 mL min<small>⁻¹</small>) and high-precision isotopic analysis (<em>δ</em><small>¹⁵</small>N: SD ≤ 0.2‰ and <em>δ</em><small>¹⁸</small>O: SD ≤ 0.3‰ for both NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> and NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> at ≥0.054 mmol L<small>⁻¹</small>). This method provides a safe, stable, and high-accuracy approach for separation of NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>/NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> in high-NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> freshwater systems. In addition, to effectively address the instability of NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> during storage, samples can be preserved immediately upon collection by adsorption onto resin. In conclusion, this study has established an efficient and accurate pretreatment method for separating NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> and NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> and determining their individual N and O isotopes in natural freshwater. This method provides a reliable analytical technique for in-depth investigation of nitrogen transformation mechanisms, especially in high NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> environments, using NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> isotopic signatures as an indicator.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 5","pages":" 1774-1783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced ion utilization efficiency in IMS-TOFMS using a novel gate-free traveling wave ion guide","authors":"Zhekun Wang, Zhongjun Zhao, Zhihao He, Xiaoqin Jiang, Yanting Yang, Jianxiong Dai, Ziqiu Su, Xing Guo and Yixiang Duan","doi":"10.1039/D5JA00415B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA00415B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) is a powerful tool used in the separation, detection, and characterization of ions. Electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with IMS-MS has been widely employed in metabolomics, glycomics and proteomics. When operated in the time-dispersive mode, the continuous ion current from ESI can only be utilized as pulses, resulting in an extremely low ion utilization efficiency. The conventional approach of incorporating an ion accumulation module before IMS to mitigate this constraint is hampered by space charge effects, which limit ion utilization. In this study, a novel gate-free traveling wave ion guide (GFTWIG) has been developed and demonstrated to improve the duty cycle of ion utilization, enhancing the overall ion utilization efficiency. The continuous ion beam from ESI is trapped by a specific-frequency traveling wave (TW) in the wave troughs and is subsequently transported and released in pulses as ion packets. By synchronizing the traveling wave pulse and the time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) pusher with a progressive delay, the system exhibits a 9.43-fold improvement in ion utilization relative to the asynchronous mode. This study has systematically addressed the effects of key parameters, including TW speed and amplitude, radio frequency (RF) amplitude, and pressure, on the transmission and capture of caffeine and reserpine ions. The GFTWIG enhances the ion utilization efficiency of IMS-TOFMS by utilizing traveling waves to trap and release ions during transmission. In addition, we have found that collisional separation with the background gas persists for ions trapped in the traveling wave troughs. The results demonstrate that the utilization of a GFTWIG coupled with a delay-synchronization system to scan ions with a specific <em>m</em>/<em>z</em> exhibits significant potential in achieving isomer separation using a simplified instrumental architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 5","pages":" 1745-1752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in machine learning, deep learning, and data fusion techniques for XRF spectrometry in heavy metal detection: a critical review","authors":"Ahmed A. AL-Tameemi, Fusheng Li, Zenan Xiao and Ghalib Raza","doi":"10.1039/D5JA00458F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA00458F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is a vital analytical technique that is widely employed for determining the elemental composition of diverse materials, particularly soils, ores, and alloys, owing to its non-destructive nature, rapid analysis, and cost-effectiveness. These advantages allow the simultaneous detection of multiple elements with high precision, facilitating critical applications in environmental monitoring, agriculture, and materials science. Nevertheless, extracting accurate elemental information from complex XRF spectra remains challenging due to spectral interference, matrix effects, and data complexity. Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) over the last five years have significantly improved the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of XRF spectral analyses. Classical ML algorithms, such as partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest (RF), have been successfully utilized for feature extraction and elemental quantification. Concurrently, advanced DL architectures, notably convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), demonstrate superior performance in predicting heavy metal concentrations, ash content, and mineral phases owing to their powerful capability to automatically learn hierarchical features from high-dimensional spectral data. Furthermore, integrating XRF spectrometry with complementary techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has considerably enhanced the comprehensive characterization of soils, ores, and industrial materials by providing multidimensional elemental and molecular information. Despite these promising advances, critical challenges persist, including the requirement for extensive and representative datasets, computational demands, limited model interpretability, challenges associated with real-world applicability, and calibration robustness. Future research directions include exploring novel ML and DL algorithms, optimizing transfer-learning strategies to mitigate dataset limitations, and developing robust approaches for uncertainty quantification. This review systematically synthesizes state-of-the-art ML and DL applications for XRF spectrometry from studies published over the past five years, highlighting their transformative potential for elemental analyses across multiple domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 4","pages":" 1155-1180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}