Annual review of physiologyPub Date : 2024-02-12Epub Date: 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-015914
Sarah Warren Gooding, Jennifer L Whistler
{"title":"A Balancing Act: Learning from the Past to Build a Future-Focused Opioid Strategy.","authors":"Sarah Warren Gooding, Jennifer L Whistler","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-015914","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-015914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The harmful side effects of opioid drugs such as respiratory depression, tolerance, dependence, and abuse potential have limited the therapeutic utility of opioids for their entire clinical history. However, no previous attempt to develop effective pain drugs that substantially ameliorate these effects has succeeded, and the current opioid epidemic affirms that they are a greater hindrance to the field of pain management than ever. Recent attempts at new opioid development have sought to reduce these side effects by minimizing engagement of the regulatory protein arrestin-3 at the mu-opioid receptor, but there is significant controversy around this approach. Here, we discuss the ongoing effort to develop safer opioids and its relevant historical context. We propose a new model that reconciles results previously assumed to be in direct conflict to explain how different signaling profiles at the mu-opioid receptor contribute to opioid tolerance and dependence. Our goal is for this framework to inform the search for a new generation of lower liability opioid analgesics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10987332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138457418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Coding Logic of Interoception","authors":"Ruiqi Wang, Rui B. Chang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-023455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-023455","url":null,"abstract":"Interoception, the ability to precisely and timely sense internal body signals, is critical for life. The interoceptive system monitors a large variety of mechanical, chemical, hormonal, and pathological cues using specialized organ cells, organ innervating neurons, and brain sensory neurons. It is important for maintaining body homeostasis, providing motivational drives, and regulating autonomic, cognitive, and behavioral functions. However, compared to external sensory systems, our knowledge about how diverse body signals are coded at a system level is quite limited. In this review, we focus on the unique features of interoceptive signals and the organization of the interoceptive system, with the goal of better understanding the coding logic of interoception.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 86 is February 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"260 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138556278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular Physiology of TRPV Channels: Controversies and Future Challenges.","authors":"Tamara Rosenbaum, León D Islas","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-030222-012349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-030222-012349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to detect stimuli from the environment plays a pivotal role in our survival. The molecules that allow the detection of such signals include ion channels, which are proteins expressed in different cells and organs. Among these ion channels, the transient receptor potential (TRP) family responds to the presence of diverse chemicals, temperature, and osmotic changes, among others. This family of ion channels includes the TRPV or vanilloid subfamily whose members serve several physiological functions. Although these proteins have been studied intensively for the last two decades, owing to their structural and functional complexities, a number of controversies regarding their function still remain. Here, we discuss some salient features of their regulation in light of these controversies and outline some of the efforts pushing the field forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"293-316"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10738143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Relationship Between Diet and Human Health.","authors":"Bryce K Perler, Elliot S Friedman, Gary D Wu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-092054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-092054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health is complex. Diets associated with health have many similarities: high fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols while being low in saturated fats, sodium, and refined carbohydrates. Over the past several decades, dietary patterns have changed significantly in Westernized nations with the increased consumption of calorically dense ultraprocessed foods low in fiber and high in saturated fats, salt, and refined carbohydrates, leading to numerous negative health consequences including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiota is an environmental factor that interacts with diet and may also have an impact on health outcomes, many of which involve metabolites produced by the microbiota from dietary components that can impact the host. This review focuses on our current understanding of the complex relationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and host health, with examples of how diet can support health, increase an individual's risk for disease, and be used as a therapy for specific diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"449-468"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10797392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of physiologyPub Date : 2023-02-10Epub Date: 2022-10-21DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-032822-094134
Stacey S Huppert, Robert E Schwartz
{"title":"Multiple Facets of Cellular Homeostasis and Regeneration of the Mammalian Liver.","authors":"Stacey S Huppert, Robert E Schwartz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-032822-094134","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-032822-094134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver regeneration occurs in response to diverse injuries and is capable of functionally reestablishing the lost parenchyma. This phenomenon has been known since antiquity, encapsulated in the Greek myth where Prometheus was to be punished by Zeus for sharing the gift of fire with humanity by having an eagle eat his liver daily, only to have the liver regrow back, thus ensuring eternal suffering and punishment. Today, this process is actively leveraged clinically during living donor liver transplantation whereby up to a two-thirds hepatectomy (resection or removal of part of the liver) on a donor is used for transplant to a recipient. The donor liver rapidly regenerates to recover the lost parenchymal mass to form a functional tissue. This astonishing regenerative process and unique capacity of the liver are examined in further detail in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"469-493"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9918695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10060557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intracellular Ion Control of WNK Signaling.","authors":"Elizabeth J Goldsmith, Aylin R Rodan","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-080651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-080651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The with no lysine (K) (WNK) kinases are an evolutionarily ancient group of kinases with atypical placement of the catalytic lysine and diverse physiological roles. Recent studies have shown that WNKs are directly regulated by chloride, potassium, and osmotic pressure. Here, we review the discovery of WNKs as chloride-sensitive kinases and discuss physiological contexts in which chloride regulation of WNKs has been demonstrated. These include the kidney, pancreatic duct, neurons, and inflammatory cells. We discuss the interdependent relationship of osmotic pressure and intracellular chloride in cell volume regulation. We review the recent demonstration of potassium regulation of WNKs and speculate on possible physiological roles. Finally, structural and mechanistic aspects of intracellular ion and osmotic pressure regulation of WNKs are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"383-406"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9446895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transformation of Our Understanding of Breathing Control by Molecular Tools.","authors":"Kevin Yackle","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-021522-094142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021522-094142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rhythmicity of breath is vital for normal physiology. Even so, breathing is enriched with multifunctionality. External signals constantly change breathing, stopping it when under water or deepening it during exertion. Internal cues utilize breath to express emotions such as sighs of frustration and yawns of boredom. Breathing harmonizes with other actions that use our mouth and throat, including speech, chewing, and swallowing. In addition, our perception of breathing intensity can dictate how we feel, such as during the slow breathing of calming meditation and anxiety-inducing hyperventilation. Heartbeat originates from a peripheral pacemaker in the heart, but the automation of breathing arises from neural clusters within the brainstem, enabling interaction with other brain areas and thus multifunctionality. Here, we document how the recent transformation of cellular and molecular tools has contributed to our appreciation of the diversity of neuronal types in the breathing control circuit and how they confer the multifunctionality of breathing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"93-113"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9918693/pdf/nihms-1858700.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9818698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flipping Off and On the Redox Switch in the Microcirculation.","authors":"Máté Katona, Mark T Gladwin, Adam C Straub","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-021457","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-021457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resistance arteries and arterioles evolved as specialized blood vessels serving two important functions: (<i>a</i>) regulating peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure and (<i>b</i>) matching oxygen and nutrient delivery to metabolic demands of organs. These functions require control of vessel lumen cross-sectional area (vascular tone) via coordinated vascular cell responses governed by precise spatial-temporal communication between intracellular signaling pathways. Herein, we provide a contemporary overview of the significant roles that redox switches play in calcium signaling for orchestrated endothelial, smooth muscle, and red blood cell control of arterial vascular tone. Three interrelated themes are the focus: (<i>a</i>) smooth muscle to endothelial communication for vasoconstriction, (<i>b</i>) endothelial to smooth muscle cell cross talk for vasodilation, and (<i>c</i>) oxygen and red blood cell interregulation of vascular tone and blood flow. We intend for this thematic framework to highlight gaps in our current knowledge and potentially spark interest for cross-disciplinary studies moving forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"165-189"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11046419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10730658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of physiologyPub Date : 2023-02-10Epub Date: 2022-09-22DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022522-102832
Alexandria V Harrison, Felipe Ramos Lorenzo, Donald A McClain
{"title":"Iron and the Pathophysiology of Diabetes.","authors":"Alexandria V Harrison, Felipe Ramos Lorenzo, Donald A McClain","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022522-102832","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-022522-102832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High iron is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and affects most of its cardinal features: decreased insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. This is true across the normal range of tissue iron levels and in pathologic iron overload. Because of iron's central role in metabolic processes (e.g., fuel oxidation) and metabolic regulation (e.g., hypoxia sensing), iron levels participate in determining metabolic rates, gluconeogenesis, fuel choice, insulin action, and adipocyte phenotype. The risk of diabetes related to iron is evident in most or all tissues that determine diabetes phenotypes, with the adipocyte, beta cell, and liver playing central roles. Molecular mechanisms for these effects are diverse, although there may be integrative pathways at play. Elucidating these pathways has implications not only for diabetes prevention and treatment, but also for the pathogenesis of other diseases that are, like T2DM, associated with aging, nutrition, and iron.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"339-362"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10161568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10382175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of physiologyPub Date : 2023-02-10Epub Date: 2022-10-06DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-032122-104610
Rose E Dixon, James S Trimmer
{"title":"Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Junctions as Sites of Depolarization-Induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Excitable Cells.","authors":"Rose E Dixon, James S Trimmer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-032122-104610","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-physiol-032122-104610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Membrane contact sites between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM), or ER-PM junctions, are found in all eukaryotic cells. In excitable cells they play unique roles in organizing diverse forms of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling as triggered by membrane depolarization. ER-PM junctions underlie crucial physiological processes such as excitation-contraction coupling, smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, and various forms of activity-dependent signaling and plasticity in neurons. In many cases the structure and molecular composition of ER-PM junctions in excitable cells comprise important regulatory feedback loops linking depolarization-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling at these sites to the regulation of membrane potential. Here, we describe recent findings on physiological roles and molecular composition of native ER-PM junctions in excitable cells. We focus on recent studies that provide new insights into canonical forms of depolarization-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling occurring at junctional triads and dyads of striated muscle, as well as the diversity of ER-PM junctions in these cells and in smooth muscle and neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":8196,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of physiology","volume":"85 ","pages":"217-243"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9918718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10729605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}