Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Correction to: Language and Cognitive Impairments in Multiple Sclerosis: a Comparative Study of RRMS and SPMS Patients.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae119","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Incident Dementia: Forensic Applications of Current Research.","authors":"Matthew A Clem, Christian LoBue, Jeff Schaffert, C Munro Cullum","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae076","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has been identified as a risk factor for later developing neurodegenerative disorders, and there has been significant attention on this association in forensic settings. As a result, forensic neuropsychologists are frequently asked to comment on risk for dementia after an alleged TBI in litigation and criminal cases. This article provides an evidence-based foundation to aid forensic practice by synthesizing comprehensive information pertaining to: (i) the role of the neuropsychologist in TBI-related litigation, (ii) the complexities associated with identifying TBIs in forensic cases, (iii) the science of TBI in relation to incident dementia, and (iv) current scientific evidence for chronic traumatic encephalopathy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Developing a neurodegenerative disorder after TBI is the exception rather than the rule. Prevalence rates suggest that only a small subset (< 5%) of individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI, and even fewer (< 1%) with mild TBI (mTBI), appear to develop certain neurodegenerative diseases, and the characteristics that place some at risk remain unclear. The literature is mixed in terms of identifying a relationship between mTBI and later-in-life dementia risk. Also, the quality of positive evidence for risk of dementia after mTBI is weak and mostly consists of observational studies characterized by methodological limitations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Methods used to establish the likely occurrence of a TBI in a forensic context are typically more extensive than those used in a routine clinical evaluation. Research methodology to define TBI is often even more rudimentary and inconsistent. Applying clinical research results of TBI and dementia outcomes to forensic cases at an individual level carries significant limitations. Estimating the contribution of remote head hits or concussion in a causal manner to dementia is a challenge forensic experts sometimes face, yet at present, the task is impossible beyond correlations and speculation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"289-301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic Neuropsychological Foundations in Competency to Stand Trial Evaluations.","authors":"Chriscelyn Tussey, Megan Lacritz, Beth C Arredondo, Bernice Marcopulos","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae084","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropsychological assessment can play a vital role in competency to stand trial (CST) evaluations. This article provides an overview of the brain and behavior-based conditions that may impact an individual's ability to participate in their legal proceedings, as well as the relevant legal parameters that guide these types of forensic mental health evaluations. Circumstances that may warrant the involvement of a neuropsychologist in these evaluations are reviewed. For example, neuropsychologists' expertise with validity testing, as well as their specialized knowledge of cognition, is useful from the onset of the evaluation through the end, where involved parties often want to know about restoration interventions and feasibility. Select neuropsychological testing measures and cultural considerations are also addressed. The article concludes with illustrative case examples that demonstrate the real-world application of neuropsychological involvement in this specific forensic context. Given the expanding opportunities for neuropsychologists to assist triers of fact, this work contributes to the necessary and developing education base for neuropsychologists who wish to provide informed, effective, and culturally sensitive CST evaluations or related consultation to the legal system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"256-271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Longitudinal Psychiatric Signatures in Huntington's Disease.","authors":"Audrey E De Paepe, Alexia Giannoula, Clara Garcia-Gorro, Nadia Rodriguez-Dechicha, Irene Vaquer, Matilde Calopa, Ferran Sanz, Laura I Furlong, Ruth de Diego-Balaguer, Estela Camara","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although Huntington's disease is characterized by motor onset, psychiatric disturbances may present years prior and affect functioning. However, there is inter-individual variability in psychiatric expression and progression. This study therefore strives to stratify longitudinal psychiatric signatures that may inform Huntington's disease prognosis, with potential clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-six Huntington's disease gene carriers (21 premanifest, 25 manifest; 31 female; age range 25-69) underwent short-Problem Behavior Assessment for depression, irritability, apathy, and dysexecutive behaviors for up to six longitudinal visits. The Disease Trajectories software, a machine-learning approach, was employed to perform unsupervised clustering of psychiatric trajectories. Linear fits were calculated for each cluster. Lastly, the main clusters of shared trajectories were assessed for group differences in demographic and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Disease Trajectories analysis software identified two main psychiatric patterns comprising premanifest and manifest patients that explained 54% of the sample. These two clusters evinced a dissociation in the development of depression and irritability; the first cluster was defined by increasing irritability with no depression and the second by a rise-and-fall in depression with no irritability. Both clusters showed a longitudinal increase in clinically relevant apathy and dysexecutive behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ultimately, through the detection of individual-level psychiatric trajectories with machine-learning, this exploratory study reveals that a dissociation of depression and irritability is apparent even in premanifest stages. These findings underscore individual differences in the severity of longitudinal multivariate clinical characteristics for real-world patient stratification, with implications for precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Montefiore Einstein Robust Geriatric Normative Project: Robust Age- and Regression-Based Demographic Norms for the Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status and Select Neuropsychological Tests in Older Adults.","authors":"Bryan M Freilich, Elyssa Scharaga, Roee Holtzer","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study introduces the Montefiore Einstein Robust Geriatric Normative Project (MERGER-NP), which provides robust normative data for older adults on the Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and other select neuropsychological tests.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Age-stratified and regression-based demographic norms were derived from a robust sample of older adults (n = 420, mean age = 75.55, 68% female). The study included assessments using the RBANS, Trail Making Test, Digit-Symbol Coding, a 15-item version of the Boston Naming Test, and verbal fluency tests, along with word reading measures. Regression-based norms were generated by analyzing predictors of test performance, integrating demographic variables and measurable social determinants of health (SDOH), specifically word reading ability and occupational attainment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Normative data include convenient look-up tables for the RBANS and other tests. Findings indicate that word reading measures significantly predict neuropsychological performance, accounting for up to 41% of the variance when included with demographic variables. Notably, our analyses revealed that race often did not contribute unique variance when controlling for reading ability. Additionally, occupation was identified as a significant predictor of test performance, with Job Zone scores retained in approximately 60% of regression models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MERGER-NP enhances existing normative data by integrating robust norms with regression-based methods, facilitating more precise assessments for older adults. The findings underscore the utility of including SDOH such as reading ability and occupation into normative approaches, with important implications for improving diagnostic accuracy and patient care in clinical settings. Future research should explore the generalizability of these norms to more diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switching and its Impact on Perseveration in a Verbal Fluency Task: a Study in Persons With Alzheimer's Clinical Syndrome.","authors":"Neha Dubey, Jayanti Basu, Dinkar Pandey, Amitabha Ghosh","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The relationship between perseveration and switching in semantic verbal fluency tasks and the possible role of self-generated interference one must overcome before switching back to a previously visited subcategory has not been explored.</p><p><strong>Participants & method: </strong>We studied the performance on semantic verbal fluency in 60 cognitively unimpaired subjects, 30 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 30 patients with Alzheimer's Clinical Syndrome-dementia (ACS-Dementia). Our primary analysis focused on the association of switching and switchback with the first perseverative error.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perseveration was significantly associated with switchback in all three groups (χ2 = 24.88, p < .001). Within-cluster perseverations were few. The number of switchbacks was the only significant variable to predict perseverative responses (p < .01). Moving from cognitively unimpaired to aMCI to ACS-Dementia, progressively fewer switches and switchbacks were needed to trigger perseveration. In over half of the perseverations after a switchback in the cognitively unimpaired and aMCI groups and in over a third in the ACS-Dementia group, the subjects had already activated a new word in the switched back subcategory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Switching between subcategories and subsequent switchback play an important role in triggering perseverations in semantic verbal fluency tasks in the cognitively unimpaired as well as in aMCI and ACS-Dementia. Self-generated interference caused by repeated switching may overwhelm the working memory capacity enough to reactivate a previously suppressed response when revisiting an earlier subcategory. Our findings may facilitate a deeper understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying perseveration in semantic fluency tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Geriatric Anxiety Scale in an Older Adult Neurology Clinic Sample.","authors":"Katie Stypulkowski, Jessica Rodrigues, Filippo Cieri, Shehroo B Pudumjee, Rachel M Butler Pagnotti, Christina G Wong","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a commonly used anxiety measure, but it was not specifically designed for use among older adults. Previous research has raised concern that it may inflate anxiety ratings among older adults because of its emphasis on physical symptoms. The Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS) is designed for older adults but has not been examined in a neurology clinic setting. This study sought to compare the psychometric properties of the BAI and the GAS in an older adult neurology clinic sample. An exploratory aim was to determine the influence of motor symptoms on anxiety scores.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 68 adults age 60+ referred for a neuropsychological evaluation in an outpatient neurology clinic. Measures included the BAI, GAS, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Psychometric properties were determined. A McNemar test compared the proportion of anxiety classifications between the BAI and GAS. Referral source (cognitive disorder versus movement-oriented teams) was used as a proxy for grouping patients who were likely to have prominent motor symptoms versus those who were not. An independent t-test compared scale performance between these groups to examine the influence of motor symptoms on anxiety ratings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both scales had good internal consistency (GAS α = 0.93; BAI α = 0.88). Convergent validity (GAS and BAI: r = 0.81, p < .001) and discriminant validity (GAS and MoCA, r = 0.18, p = .20) were supported. The BAI detected anxiety among 40% of participants, while the GAS detected anxiety among 56%, which was a statistically significant difference (p = .002). Anxiety ratings did not differ based on referral source (t(66) = -1.59, p = .12).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both scales had good psychometric properties, though the GAS detected a higher rate of anxiety compared to the BAI despite having less focus on motor symptoms that could be attributed to age-related physical changes or movement disorders. The GAS may capture aspects of anxiety not assessed by the BAI among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative Data for the Modified Location Learning Test (m-LLT) in the French-Quebec Population Aged Between 50 and 89 Years.","authors":"Alexandre St-Hilaire, Camille Fuduche, Florence Belzile, Joël Macoir, Carol Hudon","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to establish normative data for the modified Location Learning Test (m-LLT), considering sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, and educational level.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred eighty-nine middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 years and older were recruited from the French-speaking population in Quebec (Canada). The m-LLT procedure described by Kessels et al. (2006) was used. Percentiles were derived for performance scores (Trial 1, Total Displacement Score, Learning Index, Delayed Recall Displacements), stratified by sociodemographic characteristics where appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regarding the sex variable, the number of displacements in Trial 1 and for the Total Displacement Score were higher in men than in women. Age was positively associated with the Total Displacement Score and Delayed Recall Displacements and negatively associated with the Learning Index. Education was positively associated with the Learning Index and Delayed Recall Displacements. Two-thirds of the normative sample achieved a perfect score on the fifth and final learning trial.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Learning was better in women than in men, which may be explained by the use of verbal and nonverbal strategies and environmental awareness favoring women. The decline in learning and retrieval with age can be explained, among other reasons, by a less strategic approach during the encoding phase, a decline in other cognitive domains, or poorer imagery-based representations of the stimuli. The associations between education, strategic retrieval, and cognitive reserve are discussed. Overall, these normative data will enhance the detection of cognitive decline in geriatric clinical or research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Body Expressions on the Learning Process and Facial Recognition among Healthy Participants and Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury: Examination Using Eye Movements.","authors":"Natalie Lugasi, Yaron Sachar, Eli Vakil","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Context-dependent effect (CDE) is a process by which reinstating at test the original learning context enhances the recall ability of the material being studied. Although recognition by people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is poorer than that of healthy controls, both groups show CDE equally. In the current study, we seek to test the effect of body emotional expressions as contextual information, on facial recognition, and eye movements.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-four healthy individuals and 27 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI participated in the study. Participants were exposed to photos of people with neutral facial and body expressions and were asked to remember the people for a subsequent memory test. In the testing session, they were asked to determine whether the person presented to them had appeared before, under two conditions: (1) where the context remains constant (facial and body expressions remained neutral-Repeat condition) and (2) where the context changes (facial expression remained neutral but the body expression changed to angry or happy-Re-pair condition).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While the memory of the individuals with TBI was poorer than that of the controls, both groups exhibited equal CDE. We found that both groups, controls more than TBI, spent most of their time looking at the head. Furthermore, longer dwell time was associated with better recognition in the study phase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that despite impaired memory following TBI compared to a control group, CDE was preserved. The current study extends the context effect to body postures that express emotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Long-Term Effects of Intensive Rehabilitation on Memory Functions in Acquired Brain-Damaged Patients.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}