Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Critical Review of Recently Published Studies Claiming Long-Term Neurocognitive Abnormalities in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Kyle B Boone, Ryan P Vane, Tara L Victor","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae079","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common claimed personal injury condition for which neuropsychologists are retained as forensic experts in litigation. Therefore, it is critical that experts have accurate information when testifying as to neurocognitive outcome from concussion. Systematic reviews and six meta-analyses from 1997 to 2011 regarding objective neurocognitive outcome from mTBI provide no evidence that concussed individuals do not return to baseline by weeks to months post-injury. In the current manuscript, a critical review was conducted of 21 research studies published since the last meta-analysis in 2011 that have claimed to demonstrate long-term (i.e., ≥12 months post-injury) neurocognitive abnormalities in adults with mTBI. Using seven proposed methodological criteria for research investigating neurocognitive outcome from mTBI, no studies were found to be scientifically adequate. In particular, more than 50% of the 21 studies reporting cognitive dysfunction did not appropriately diagnose mTBI, employ prospective research designs, use standard neuropsychological tests, include appropriate control groups, provide information on motive to feign or use PVTs, or exclude, or adequately consider the impact of, comorbid conditions known to impact neurocognitive scores. We additionally analyzed 15 studies published during the same period that documented no longer term mTBI-related cognitive abnormalities, and demonstrate that they were generally more methodologically robust than the studies purporting to document cognitive dysfunction. The original meta-analytic conclusions remain the most empirically-sound evidence informing our current understanding of favorable outcomes following mTBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"272-288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do MMPI-3 Validity Scale Findings Generalize to Concurrently Administered Measures? Validation with a Forensic Disability Sample.","authors":"Kaci F Holmes, Megan R Whitman, Roger O Gervais, Yossef S Ben-Porath","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae093","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Research has demonstrated that over-reporting and under-reporting, when detected by the MMPI-2/-RF Validity Scales, generalize to responses to other self-report measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the same is true for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) Validity Scales. We examined the generalizability of over-reporting and under-reporting detected by MMPI-3 Validity Scales to extra-test self-report, performance-based, and performance validity measures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample included 665 majority White, male disability claimants who, in addition to the MMPI-3, were administered several self-report measures, some with embedded symptom validity tests (SVTs), performance-based measures, and performance validity tests (PVTs). Three groups were identified based on MMPI-3 Validity Scale scores as over-reporting (n = 276), under-reporting (n = 100), or scoring within normal limits (WNL; n = 289).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over-reporting on the MMPI-3 generalized to symptom over-reporting on concurrently administered self-report measures of psychopathology and was associated with evidence of over-reporting from other embedded SVTs. It was also associated with poorer performance on concurrently administered measures of cognitive functioning and PVTs. Under-reporting on the MMPI-3 generalized to symptom minimization on collateral measures of psychopathology. On measures of cognitive functioning, we found no differences between the under-reporting and WNL groups, except for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 Card Version and Wide Range Achievement Test-Fifth Edition (each with negligible effect sizes).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MMPI-3 Validity Scales can identify possible over- and under-reporting on concurrently administered measures. This can be of particular value when such measures lack validity indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"224-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic Neuropsychology Goes from Nowhere to Almost Everywhere: Lessons Learned During Decades of Practice.","authors":"Jerry J Sweet","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae105","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a narrative overview of the development of forensic neuropsychology (FN) in the last 40-plus years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Personal history description, highlighted by key data-based publications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anecdotal and relevant data-based findings converge to present a perspective of a wealth of FN resources currently available to the well-documented growing numbers of practitioners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The de facto subspecialty of FN is now a visible and prominent part of the landscape of clinical neuropsychology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"162-173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review to Explore a Neuropsychological Profile that Predates Anorexia Nervosa.","authors":"Rachel Noon, Tayeem Pathan","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Research demonstrates reduced cognitive flexibility and weak central coherence during acute illness and following recovery from anorexia nervosa (AN). This systematic review investigated if these impairments are present in first-degree relatives of individuals with AN, representing a possible neuropsychological risk profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of electronic databases was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search ended on July 14, 2023. Established search terms and inclusion criteria identified relevant research. Risk of bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. The review was registered with Prospero international prospective register of systematic reviews (No. CRD42023401268). Study selection, descriptive data, critical appraisal, and risk of bias are presented in tables and figures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 10 studies. The included studies conducted neuropsychological assessments of discordant AN relatives and lifetime longitudinal study participants. Most studies found cognitive flexibility and central coherence to be significantly reduced in participants with AN and their relatives compared with controls. One study found decision making to be significantly impaired in AN participants and relatives. Effect sizes were moderate to large.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Reduced cognitive flexibility and weak central coherence appear to be endophenotypes of AN. Further research is required with relatives concordant for AN to establish whether these biomarkers co-segregate with AN within families. These findings suggest a possibility of developing screeners to identify individuals at risk of AN allowing for early intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"330-344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Forensic Neuropsychology: Foundational Elements of Practice.","authors":"Matthew A Clem, Ryan W Schroeder","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae075","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"157-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Précis of the Art and Science of Expert Witness Testimony: a Tribute to the Work and Ideas of Karen Postal.","authors":"Nancy Hebben, Elizabeth Leritz","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae088","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we present a summary of Dr. Karen Postal's life's work on communication in neuropsychological testimony. Her central thesis was that providing effective testimony as a neuropsychological expert requires one to step outside of the traditional academic communication style to which we are accustomed. In her books, The Art and Science of Expert Witness Testimony (2022) and Testimony that Sticks (2019), Karen Postal described foundational principles she called \"disruptive shifts,\" which she saw as the basis from which experts can develop credible and masterful testimony. These shifts begin with the fundamental and somewhat counterintuitive idea that the juror has the hardest job in the courtroom and it is our job as experts to create a direct, dynamic, and unique relationship with each juror. The article then focuses on ways to ensure jurors understand our testimony, including using good metaphors and analogies, showing visuals, avoiding jargon, and speaking in a way that conveys common sense. As Dr. Postal argued, following these principles will serve to establish, and ultimately bolster our credibility as experts with the people who have the most critical job in the courtroom. Finally, we discuss how these shifts can help us handle cross examination in a way that maintains the credibility we establish. The article concludes with a discussion of how mentorship, an incredibly important part of Dr. Postal's work, is of utmost value when embarking in the field of forensic neuropsychology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"190-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutional and Judicial Foundations for Competency-Related Assessment in Criminal Forensic Neuropsychology.","authors":"Robert L Denney","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Clinical neuropsychologists wishing to consult in criminal cases have ethical requirements to familiarize themselves with this specialty prior to initiating services. This paper presents foundational knowledge for professional neuropsychological consulting in cases where competence to proceed through the criminal adjudication process is in question.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Reviewed are key foundations of knowledge for practice of clinical neuropsychology in relation to competency to stand trial or to proceed examinations. These foundations include a review of the criminal judicial system, relevant US Constitutional Amendments, and select mental health case law.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>First, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the US Constitution establish the rights of freedom of thought, due process, freedom from self-incrimination, assistance of counsel, and equal protection. As used in criminal legal proceedings, capacity generally refers to abilities (i.e., functional capabilities), while competency is a legal determination based on a set of capacities. Although competency to proceed is assumed, Dusky  v  United  States  (1960) establishes that defendants are not competent if they lack sufficient present ability to consult with their lawyers using a reasonable degree of rational and factual understanding. Case law and statutory law establish that the loss must be due to mental disease or defect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinical neuropsychologists wishing to consult in criminal forensic cases have ethical requirements to become familiar with this unique consultative arena before choosing to enter. The foundational knowledge for clinical consulting within the criminal forensic context is presented to help clinical neuropsychologists begin developing authentic professional competence in the criminal forensic arena.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"245-255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Mild Is the Mild Long COVID? A Comprehensive Neuropsychological Assessment of Patients with Cognitive Complaints.","authors":"Lucas Emmanuel Lopes-Santos, Diego de Lacerda Ferreira, Geisa de Angelis, Maria Paula Foss, Ana Carolina Trevisan, Kleython José Coriolano Cavalcanti de Lacerda, Vitor Tumas, Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues, Lauro Wichert-Ana","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae071","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global impact of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has extended beyond physical health, leading to widespread mental health issues. Beyond respiratory symptoms, there is a growing concern about long-term cognitive effects, particularly in individuals who experienced mild cases of the infection. We aimed to investigate the neuropsychological aspects of long-term COVID-19 in non-hospitalized adults compared with a control group. This cross-sectional study included 42 participants, 22 individuals with a history of mild COVID, and 20 healthy controls. The participants were recruited from the community and underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Participants from the mild COVID group reported cognitive symptoms persisting for an average of 203.86 days and presented a higher frequency of psychological treatment history (81.8%) compared with the control group (25.0%). History of anxiety disorders was more prevalent in the mild COVID group (63.6%) than in the control group (20.0%). Significant reductions in verbal working memory were observed in the mild COVID group. Levels of anxiety were found to have a significant impact on difficulties with visual recognition memory. This study reveals important neuropsychological alterations in individuals following mild COVID-19, emphasizing executive functions deficits. Our findings underscore the persistence of these deficits even in non-hospitalized cases, suggesting potential inflammatory mechanisms in the central nervous system. The study highlights the need for comprehensive assessments and targeted interventions to address the diverse cognitive impacts on individuals recovering from COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"302-309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological Validity Assessment Beliefs and Practices: A Survey of North American Neuropsychologists and Validity Assessment Experts.","authors":"Phillip K Martin, Ryan W Schroeder, Anthony P Odland","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study sought to identify changes in neuropsychological validity assessment beliefs and practices relative to surveys of North American neuropsychologists conducted in 2015 and 2016, obtain a more nuanced understanding of such beliefs and practices, and examine salient validity assessment topics not addressed by previous surveys.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult focused neuropsychologists (n = 445) and neuropsychological validity assessment experts (n = 16) were surveyed regarding their perceptions and practices related to the following topics: (i) importance of validity testing; (ii) multiple performance validity test (PVT) administration and interpretation; (iii) suspected causes of invalidity; (iv) reporting on malingering; (v) assessment of examinees of diverse language, culture, and nation of origin; (vi) terminology; and (vii) most frequently utilized validity measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was general agreement, if not consensus, across multiple survey topics. The vast majority of neuropsychologists and experts view validity testing as mandatory in clinical and forensic evaluations, administer multiple PVTs regardless of setting, believe validity assessment to be important in the evaluation of all individuals including older adults and culturally diverse individuals, and view evaluations with few to no validity tests interspersed throughout the evaluation as being of lesser quality. Divergent opinions were also seen among respondents and between neuropsychologists and experts on some topics, including likely causes of invalidity and assessment and formal communication of malingering.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current results highlight the necessity of formal validity assessment within both clinical and forensic neuropsychological evaluations, and findings document current trends and reported practices within the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"201-223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"User Experience of a (Semi-) Automated Cognitive Phone-Based Assessment Within a Memory Clinic Population.","authors":"Daphne Ter Huurne, Inez Ramakers, Nina Possemis, Alexandra König, Nicklas Linz, Johannes Tröger, Kai Langel, Frans Verhey, Marjolein de Vugt","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined the user experience in different modalities (face-to-face, semi-automated phone-based, and fully automated phone-based) of cognitive testing in people with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 67 participants from the memory clinic of the Maastricht University Medical Center+ participated in the study. The study consisted of cognitive tests in different modalities, namely, face-to-face, semi-automated phone-based guided by a researcher, and fully automated phone-based without the involvement of a researcher. After each assessment, a user experience questionnaire was administered, including questions about, for example, satisfaction, simplicity, and missing personal contact, on a seven-point Likert scale. Non-parametric tests were used to compare user experiences across different modalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all modalities, user experiences were rated above average. The face-to-face ratings were comparable to the ratings of the semi-automated phone-based assessment, except for the satisfaction and recommendation items, which were rated higher for the face-to-face assessment. The face-to-face assessment was preferred above the fully automated phone-based assessment on all items. In general, the semi- and fully automated phone-based assessments were comparable (simplicity, conceivability, quality of sound, visiting the hospital, and missing personal contact), while on all the other items, the semi-automated phone-based assessment was preferred.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>User experience was rated high within all modalities. Simplicity, conceivability, comfortability, and participation scores were comparable in the semi-automated phone-based and face-to-face assessment. Based on these findings and earlier research on validation of the semi-automated phone-based assessment, the semi-automated assessment could be useful for screening for clinical trials, and after more research, in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"319-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}