{"title":"Correction to: Validation of and Demographically Adjusted Normative Data for the Learning Ratio Derived from the RAVLT in Robustly Intact Older Adults.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11345110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140130592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie Ruth Young, Elizabeth M Dworak, Aaron J Kaat, Hubert Adam, Miriam A Novack, Jerry Slotkin, Jordan Stoeger, Cindy J Nowinski, Zahra Hosseinian, Saki Amagai, Sarah Pila, Maria Varela Diaz, Anyelo Almonte Correa, Keith Alperin, Larsson Omberg, Michael Kellen, Monica R Camacho, Bernard Landavazo, Rachel L Nosheny, Michael W Weiner, Richard M Gershon
{"title":"Development and Validation of a Vocabulary Measure in the Mobile Toolbox.","authors":"Stephanie Ruth Young, Elizabeth M Dworak, Aaron J Kaat, Hubert Adam, Miriam A Novack, Jerry Slotkin, Jordan Stoeger, Cindy J Nowinski, Zahra Hosseinian, Saki Amagai, Sarah Pila, Maria Varela Diaz, Anyelo Almonte Correa, Keith Alperin, Larsson Omberg, Michael Kellen, Monica R Camacho, Bernard Landavazo, Rachel L Nosheny, Michael W Weiner, Richard M Gershon","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We describe the development of a new computer adaptive vocabulary test, Mobile Toolbox (MTB) Word Meaning, and validity evidence from 3 studies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Word Meaning was designed to be a multiple-choice synonym test optimized for self-administration on a personal smartphone. The items were first calibrated online in a sample of 7,525 participants to create the computer-adaptive test algorithm for the Word Meaning measure within the MTB app. In Study 1, 92 participants self-administered Word Meaning on study-provided smartphones in the lab and were administered external measures by trained examiners. In Study 2, 1,021 participants completed the external measures in the lab and Word Meaning was self-administered remotely on their personal smartphones. In Study 3, 141 participants self-administered Word Meaning remotely twice with a 2-week delay on personal iPhones.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final bank included 1363 items. Internal consistency was adequate to good across samples (ρxx = 0.78 to 0.81, p < .001). Test-retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.65, p < .001), and the mean theta score was not significantly different upon the second administration. Correlations were moderate to large with measures of similar constructs (ρ = 0.67-0.75, p < .001) and non-significant with measures of dissimilar constructs. Scores demonstrated small to moderate correlations with age (ρ = 0.35 to 0.45, p < .001) and education (ρ = 0.26, p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MTB Word Meaning measure demonstrated evidence of reliability and validity in three samples. Further validation studies in clinical samples are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139982139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin E Karr, Eric O Ingram, Cristina N Pinheiro, Sheliza Ali, Grant L Iverson
{"title":"Test-Retest Reliability and Reliable Change on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery.","authors":"Justin E Karr, Eric O Ingram, Cristina N Pinheiro, Sheliza Ali, Grant L Iverson","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Researchers and practitioners can detect cognitive improvement or decline within a single examinee by applying a reliable change methodology. This study examined reliable change through test-retest data from the English-language National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) normative sample.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included adults (n = 138; age: M ± SD = 54.8 ± 20.0, range: 18-85; 51.4% men; 68.1% White) who completed test-retest assessments about a week apart on five fluid cognition tests, providing raw scores, age-adjusted standard scores (SS), and demographic-adjusted T-scores (T).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Fluid Cognition Composite (SS: ICC = 0.87; T-score: ICC = 0.84) and the five fluid cognition tests had good test-retest reliability (SS: ICC range = 0.66-0.85; T-score: ICC range = 0.64-0.86). The lower and upper bounds of 70%, 80%, and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated around change scores, which serve as cutoffs for determining reliable change. Using T-scores, 90% CI, and adjustment for practice effects, 32.3% declined on one or more tests, 9.7% declined on two or more tests, 36.6% improved on one or more tests, and 5.4% improved on two or more tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was common for participants to show reliable change on at least one test score, but not two or more test scores. Per an 80% CI, test-retest difference scores beyond these cutoffs would indicate reliable change: Dimensional Change Card Sort (SS ≥ 14/T ≥ 10), Flanker (SS ≥ 12/T ≥ 8), List Sorting (SS ≥ 14/T ≥ 10), Picture Sequence Memory (SS ≥ 19/T ≥ 13), Pattern Comparison (SS ≥ 11/T ≥ 8), and Fluid Cognition Composite (SS ≥ 10/T ≥ 7). The reliable change cutoffs could be applied in research or practice to detect within-person change in fluid cognition at the individual level.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11345114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139943799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jack R Kaufman, Hudaisa Fatima, Laura H Lacritz, C Munro Cullum
{"title":"Utility of a Short-Form Phonemic Fluency Task.","authors":"Jack R Kaufman, Hudaisa Fatima, Laura H Lacritz, C Munro Cullum","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>to establish a proof-of-concept and ascertain the reliability of an abbreviated 30-second (30s) phonemic fluency measure as a cognitive screening tool in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>in all, 201 English-speaking individuals with normal cognition (NC; n = 119) or cognitive impairment (CI; mild CI or dementia; n = 82) were administered a standard 60s phonemic fluency task (FAS/CFL) with discrete 30s intervals denoted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>for all letters, 30s trial scores significantly predicted 60s scores for the same letter, R2 = .7-.9, F(1, 200) = 850-915, p < .001. As with 60s total scores, 30s cumulative scores (for all three trials) were significantly different between NC and CI groups (p < .001). Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that 30s total scores distinguished NC and CI groups as effectively (AUC = .675) as 60s total scores (AUC = .658).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>these findings support the utility and reliability of a short-form phonemic fluency paradigm, as 30s performance reliably predicted 60s/trial totals and was equally accurate in distinguishing impaired/non-impaired groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11345109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anosognosia in Alzheimer's Pathology: Validation of a New Measure.","authors":"Christian Terry, Len Lecci","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae020","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Two studies were performed to validate a brief measure of cognitive insight and compare it to an empirical model - the Cognitive Awareness Model (CAM).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A pilot study included 31 (52% male; Mage = 69.42) patients from an outpatient neuropsychological assessment clinic. Seven patients were diagnosed with likely Alzheimer's dementia (AD), 15 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 9 no diagnosis (i.e., cognitively normal; CN). The Cognitive Coding Form (CCF) and several other measures were administered. Study 2 entailed archival data extraction of 240 patients (80 CN, 80 MCI, and 80 AD; 53.3% female; Mage = 72.8) to examine whether the CCF predicts memory (Wechsler Memory Scale - IV) and executive functioning (Trail-Making Test B).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pilot study found preliminary evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the 8-item CCF. Study 2 confirmed that both patient-reported cognitive concerns (F(2,237) = 10.40, p < .001, ω2 = .07, power = .99) and, more strongly, CCF informant-patient discrepancy scores (F(2,237) = 24.52, p < .001, ω2 = .16, power = .99) can distinguish CNs from those with MCI and AD. A regression indicated that depression (5.5%; β = -.38, p < .001) and TMT-B (13%; β = -.43, p < .001), together accounted for 18.5% of the variance in insight (R2 = .19, F(2,219) = 26.10, p < .001), supporting the CAM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These studies establish an efficient measure of insight with high clinical utility and inform the literature on the role of insight in predicting performance in those with Alzheimer's pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140100921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren N Ratcliffe, Andrew C Hale, Taylor McDonald, Kelsey C Hewitt, Christopher M Nguyen, Robert J Spencer, David W Loring
{"title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Norms and Reliable Change Indices for Standard and MoCA-22 Administrations.","authors":"Lauren N Ratcliffe, Andrew C Hale, Taylor McDonald, Kelsey C Hewitt, Christopher M Nguyen, Robert J Spencer, David W Loring","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is among the most frequently administered cognitive screening tests, yet demographically diverse normative data are needed for repeated administrations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were obtained from 18,410 participants using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. We developed regression-based norms using Tobit regression to account for ceiling effects, explored test-retest reliability of total scores and by domain stratified by age and diagnosis with Cronbach's alpha, and reported the cumulative change frequencies for individuals with serial MoCA administrations to gage expected change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strong ceiling effects and negative skew were observed at the total score, domain, and item levels for the cognitively normal group, and performances became more normally distributed as the degree of cognitive impairment increased. In regression models, years of education was associated with higher MoCA scores, whereas older age, male sex, Black and American Indian or Alaska Native race, and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with lower predicted scores. Temporal stability was adequate and good at the total score level for the cognitively normal and cognitive disorders groups, respectively, but fell short of reliability standards at the domain level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MoCA total scores are adequately reproducible among those with cognitive diagnoses, but domain scores are unstable. Robust regression-based norms should be used to adjust for demographic performance differences, and the limited reliability, along with the ceiling effects and negative skew, should be considered when interpreting MoCA scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11345112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diny Thomson, Emily Rosenich, Paul Maruff, Yen Ying Lim
{"title":"BDNF Val66Met moderates episodic memory decline and tau biomarker increases in early sporadic Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Diny Thomson, Emily Rosenich, Paul Maruff, Yen Ying Lim","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Allelic variation in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism has been shown to moderate rates of cognitive decline in preclinical sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD; i.e., Aβ + older adults), and pre-symptomatic autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD). In ADAD, Met66 was also associated with greater increases in CSF levels of total-tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau181). This study sought to determine the extent to which BDNF Val66Met is associated with changes in episodic memory and CSF t-tau and p-tau181 in Aβ + older adults in early-stage sporadic AD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Aβ + Met66 carriers (n = 94) and Val66 homozygotes (n = 192) enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative who did not meet criteria for AD dementia, and with at least one follow-up neuropsychological and CSF assessment, were included. A series of linear mixed models were conducted to investigate changes in each outcome over an average of 2.8 years, covarying for CSF Aβ42, APOE ε4 status, sex, age, baseline diagnosis, and years of education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aβ + Met66 carriers demonstrated significantly faster memory decline (d = 0.33) and significantly greater increases in CSF t-tau (d = 0.30) and p-tau181 (d = 0.29) compared to Val66 homozygotes, despite showing equivalent changes in CSF Aβ42.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that reduced neurotrophic support, which is associated with Met66 carriage, may increase vulnerability to Aβ-related tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal dysfunction, and cognitive decline even prior to the emergence of dementia. Additionally, these findings highlight the need for neuropsychological and clinicopathological models of AD to account for neurotrophic factors and the genes which moderate their expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11345111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140058508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Before Diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination-Associated Immune Encephalitis Alternative Aetiologies Must Be Ruled Out.","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141178799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahnaz M Ayasrah, Muayyad M Ahmad, Fuad H Abuadas, Hana M Abu-Snieneh, Iman A Basheti
{"title":"Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients With Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Shahnaz M Ayasrah, Muayyad M Ahmad, Fuad H Abuadas, Hana M Abu-Snieneh, Iman A Basheti","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess levels and predictive factors of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed a cross-sectional predictive correlational design. Levels of HRQOL were assessed using the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was employed to assess psychological aspects among 209 Saudi stroke patients. The analysis included demographic and medical variables to comprehensively explore influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A two-step hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed. The overall SS-QOL summary score (49 items) showed a mean score of 94.4 (SD = 8.1), indicating poor functioning. Nine predictor variables were found to significantly predict HRQOL levels, including age (β = -0.212, p ≤ .001), female (β = -5.33, p ≤ .001), unmarried (β = 2.48, p ≤ .001), low gross monthly income (GMI) (β = -9.02, p ≤ .001), medium GMI (β = -8.36, p ≤ .001), having a medical history of hypertension (β = 2.7, p ≤ .01), time since stroke (β = 3.26 p ≤ .001), and being a probable case of anxiety (β = -4.29, p ≤ .001) and/or depression (β = -2.75, p ≤ .001). These variables collectively explained ~76% of the variance in HRQOL scores (adjusted R2 = .762, F (16,192) = 42.6, p ≤ .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stroke patients exhibited poor HRQOL levels influenced by various factors. Clinicians should consider these predictors and intervene early to enhance HRQOL among patients at risk, emphasizing the importance of optimizing patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139745952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marialaura Di Tella, Ylenia Camassa Nahi, Gabriella Paglia, Giuliano Carlo Geminiani
{"title":"A Case Report of Autoimmune Encephalitis after Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: The Role of Cognitive Impairments in the Diagnostic Process.","authors":"Marialaura Di Tella, Ylenia Camassa Nahi, Gabriella Paglia, Giuliano Carlo Geminiani","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acae031","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acae031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Autoimmune encephalitis includes a heterogeneous group of rare and complex diseases, usually presenting with severe and disabling symptoms, such as behavioral changes, cognitive deficits, and seizures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This report presents the case of a 26-year-old man who was diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (<40 days). Symptoms first appeared in February 2022 with a temporal seizure, associated with confusion and memory loss. Psychiatric manifestations such as disorientation and altered thought contents emerged soon after.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neuroimaging testing showed signs of hypometabolism in occipital, prefrontal, and temporal regions, whereas an extensive neuropsychological assessment revealed the presence of multiple alterations in memory, executive, and visuoconstructive processes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this case, a combination of neuroimaging testing, psychiatric evaluation, and neuropsychological assessment provided evidence for a diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis post-vaccination. Early recognition is essential in order to prevent clinical progression; avoid intractable epilepsy, brain atrophy, and cognitive impairment; and improve prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8176,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140847166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}