Kleio最新文献

{"title":"‘Combating Unfavourable Conditions’: Experiments in Scientific Social Work and Community Development in the South African Railways, 1935–50","authors":"J. Tayler","doi":"10.1080/00232080485380051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080485380051","url":null,"abstract":"In 1997, the South African government issued a White Paper on social welfare, 2 which outlined a radical reorientation of welfare policy. The new policy was situated within the context of the Reconstruction and Development Programme adopted by the Government of National Unity in 1994 and included among its primary objectives a shift in emphasis from specialised, therapeutic social welfare to developmental welfare. 3 Some aspects of this new orientation reflected trends in other countries, but significantly within South Africa it had already emerged as the model of choice for non-official social welfare programmes of various organisations broadly aligned against the National Party government organisations such as the United Democratic Front and the Congress of South African Trade Unions. According to Professor Leila Patel, these 'grassroots social development initiatives' represented a 'protest against the formal welfare system, and at the same time aim[ed] for more equitable, democratic and appropriate alternatives'. 4","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"36 1","pages":"107 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080485380051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58826456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Afrikaner History For All Times? Hermann Giliomee's The Afrikaners: Biography of a People","authors":"J. Brits","doi":"10.1080/00232080485380031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080485380031","url":null,"abstract":"1 H. Giliomee, The Afrikaners: Biography of a People (Cape Town: Tafelberg, 2003). 2 Johannesburg: Voortrekkerpers/Perskor, 1967-1984. These volumes cover Afrikaner history from 1652 to 1948. Scholtz, a widely-read and prolific writer, has a broad focus on the topic and also takes cognizance of world events. Although not uncritical of the Afrikaner's shortcomings, he strongly identifies with Afrikaner nationalism and shows considerable bias towards leftist ideologies and certain personalities, including Generals Botha and Smuts. The work is based on primary and secondary research, but Scholtz's sources are limited in variety and balance compared with those of Giliomee's Afr/kaners. Other attempts to write and encompass Afrikaner history include J. Fisher's The Afr/kaners (London: Cassell, 1969), and S. Patterson's The Last Trek: A Study of the Boer People and the Afrikaner Nation (London: Routledge, 1957). Both are popularly written and contain valuable insights, but cannot be regarded as academic studies. W.A. de Klerk's The Puritans in Africa: A History ofAfrikanerdom (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976) includes interesting comparisons of Afrikaner Calvinism with similar characteristics of European peoples, but is not a comprehensive Afrikaner history. The academic G.H.L. Le May's The Afrikaners: An Historical Interpretation (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995), which is largely a political narrative, is disappointing, with insufficient analysis.","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"36 1","pages":"47 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080485380031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58825919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idealism and realism: Conan Doyle, imperialism and the Anglo-Boer War","authors":"E. Bradlow","doi":"10.1080/00232080385310031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080385310031","url":null,"abstract":"Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's responses to his experiences during the AngloBoer War typify the dilemma of any idealist when confronted with the practical implementation of his beliefs. The creator of the quintessential logician, Sherlock Holmes, encountered during that conflict ambiguities inherent in the profession of a heroic destiny for the British Empire that had never previously been encountered. His reaction can best be described as an example of cognitive dissonance; denial of flaws in the ideology coupled with acknowledgement of its agents' imperfections. This article therefore focuses on these two aspects of Doyle's South African experiences, manifested in his roles as a doctor and subsequently as a historian of the conflict. Antagonistic attitudes to Kruger's government in the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (popularly known as the Transvaal) began to emerge in both Britain and South Africa soon after the Jameson Raid. The South African League, whose support extended throughout the two Br i t i shco lon ies and the Uitlander community of the Transvaal, envisaged the ultimate absorption of the republic as a component of the Empire. The league's British equivalent was the Imperial South African Association, whose members included imperialist stalwarts like Kipling and Rider Haggard. Founded ostensibly to propagandise the 'imperial viewpoint' by means primarily of meetings and pamphlets, its fundamental purpose was to 'uphold British supremacy and to promote the interests of British subjects in South Africa'. When Alfred Milner ('a British race patriot' , in his own words) became High Commissioner in South Africa in May 1897, the league willingly endorsed his increasingly antagonistic attitude towards the Transvaal. The counterweight to this organisation, informally launched in Britain in November 1899 after the outbreak of war, was the South African Conciliation Committee, a non-party group led by the Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) Leonard Courtney, Rhodesian","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"35 1","pages":"19 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080385310031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58826098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book reviews/Boekbesprekings","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00232080385310051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080385310051","url":null,"abstract":"T h i s work w a s pub l i shed or iginal ly in 1985 by Viking Press . It h a s been r e i s sued by Protea Book House w i t h an in t roduct ion by the d i s t i n g u i s h e d Br i t i sh h i s to r i an , Kenne th Morgan. The ma in value o f the original publicat i on o f To the bitter end l ay in i t s pho tographs , wh ich offer an of ten in t imate p ic tu re of the South African War . The book h a s been out of pr in t for some t ime and for th i s r ea son a republ ica t ion is welcome. It is, however , u n f o r t u n a t e tha t the n e w pub l i she r s were no t able to take more care in repub l i sh ing the book. Over the las t few years , Protea h a s b rough t out m a n y beaut l ful iy p roduced books. This un fo r tuna te ly is no t one of them. The qual i ty of the pho tog raphs is poor, while the publ ica t ion b e a r s all t he s igns of a h o o k h a s t i l y p roduced to meet a deadline. Typographical e r rors are to be found t h r o u g h o u t and it is difficult to believe tha t the text was seen by a proof reader . On page x, for example , one r e a d s tha t ' t he a u t h o r ' s medical knowledge b r ing horn epoipnantIy the t ragedy . ' The book dese rved bet ter t r e a t m e n t t h a n it h a s received.","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"35 1","pages":"62 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080385310051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58826305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ‘Smallpox War’ on the Kimberley Diamonds Fields in the mid-1880s","authors":"R. Viljoen","doi":"10.1080/00232080385310021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080385310021","url":null,"abstract":"Give doctors the honour they deserve, for the Lord gave them their work to do. Their knowledge gives them the position of importance, and powerful people hold them in high regard. Jesus Sirach 38: 1, 3 The Apocrypha","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"35 1","pages":"18 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080385310021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58825911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dilemma of conflicting interests: South Africa, Suez and Egypt, 1947–1956","authors":"F. Nöthling","doi":"10.1080/00232080385310041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080385310041","url":null,"abstract":"The Egypt ian g o v e r n m e n t ' s nat ional isa t ion of the Suez Canal Company on 26 Ju ly 1956 and the subsequen t Anglo-French and Israel i action aga ins t Egypt confronted South Africa wi th a d i l emma of conflicting in teres ts . Egypt ' s crucial significance f rom a secur i ty point of v iew con t r a s t ed s tarkly wi th its low-key commerc ia l value, and though official policy was de te rmined by a desire to s tay outside the evolving crisis, it became increas ingly difficult to keep ha rmonious re la t ions w i th o the r p o w e r s w i t h a s take in the region. In th is ar t ic le p e r s p e c t i v e s and v iews held at the t ime b y the South Afr ican Depa r tmen t of External Affairs are su rveyed in the light of depar t men ta l documents tha t were not prev ious ly avai lable to researchers . South Africa a t tached a special significance to the Eas te rn Medit e r r a n e a n and Egypt the no r the rn ga t eway to Africa as a poss ible b r idgehead for c o m m u n i s m to enter the cont inent in the tense Cold War years . To the South Africans, Britain had a special respons ib i l i ty for the defence of the area, while the Brit ish s t renuous ly sought act ive South African par t ic ipat ion in any such action. Negot ia t ions wi th Egypt were compl ica ted b y the posi t ion of Israel , while its re la t ions wi th the United Nat ions s t ra ined since i ts inception made South Africa w a r y and apprehens ive about the invo lvement of the wor ld body in the region. Pe rhaps these fac tors f lashed through Pr ime Minis ter J G St r i jdom's mind when, on his r e tu rn f rom the Commonwea l th Conference of Ju ly 1956, the p res s ques t ioned him on Egyp t ' s move. He suggested tha t South Africa should 'keep [its] head out of tha t beehive ' . 1 The l imited commerc ia l use South Africa made of the canal was the","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"35 1","pages":"41 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080385310041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58826178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The invasion of personal religious experiences: London Missionary Society missionaries, imperialism, and the written word in early 19th-century southern Africa","authors":"Jennifer Cooper","doi":"10.1080/00232080285310031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080285310031","url":null,"abstract":"An examinat ion of the wri t ten word within the colonial relat ionship proves especially rich. There existed many incarnat ions and implications of the word (and the Word) among missionaries in ear ly 19thcentury southern Africa. Li terary theor is t Henry Louis Gates, Jr , claims that post -Enl ightenment Western Europeans viewed wri t ing as the 'visible sign of reason ' 1. Missionary efforts to elevate southern Africans according to Enlightenment principles of civilisation included helping them to become li terate, especially for the purpose of reading the Scriptures. Li teracy occupied a rung upon the ladder of civilisation and therefore held place of honour among miss ionary goals for their converts . Yet teaching Africans to read gave them the tools with which to in terpre t and negotiate power, while drawing them into reliance upon a sys tem of communicat ion opera ted on European terms. To the minds of the Europeans at least, wri t ing represen ted an effective form of domination. There appears, therefore , a schism be tween establ ished miss ionary aims to 'e levate ' South Africans and a goal, more often associated wi th the actions of less evangelically-minded colonisers such as administrat ive, merchant , and mil i tary agents, to dominate them. Of par t icular interest here is tha t the evangelical missionaries of","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"34 1","pages":"49 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080285310031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58825815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Personifying the coloured community’: Sonny Leon and the ambiguities of the politics of co-option and resistance in the apartheid state","authors":"F. Mouton","doi":"10.1080/00232080285310021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080285310021","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1970s Sonny Leon, leader of the Labour Par ty of South Africa (LP), was a prominent and controversial coloured politician, seen by the apar the id government and by most whi tes as a dangerous subversive. To many in his own communi ty he was a hero, al though there were some who rejected him as a puppet of the apartheid state. In the new South Africa he is forgotten and ignored, at most a footnote in our turbulent history. He is equally marginalised in studies of politics in the coloured community. In Roy du Pr~'s book, Separate but unequal: the 'coloured' people a political history (1994), he is only mentioned three times as the leader of a par ty that had sold out to apartheid. In Richard van der Ross ' s The rise and decline of apartheid: a s tudy of political movements among the coloured people of South Africa 1880-1985 (1986), he is no more than a name. Even Gavin Lewis in his outs tanding Between the wire and the wall: a history of South African \"Coloured' politics (1987) mentions him in passing. This is a pity as his life deserves attention. He personifies the ordeals that the down-trodden, humiliated, belittled and ignored coloured communi ty had to endure in the apartheid state. This article will investigate why Leon held the opinions he did, became the person he was, behaved in the way he did, and what he achieved. Lionel Samuel Leon, always known as Sonny, was born in a mining camp in Ferreirastown, Johannesburg, on 29 November 1911. His father was an Anglo-Asian cabinet-maker with his own business, and his mother was of Javanese descent. He was born into a racially stratified society dominated by a white minori ty with blacks and coloureds t rapped at the bot tom of the social scale. The Leons were","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"34 1","pages":"28 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080285310021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58825718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book reviews/Boekbesprekings","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00232080285310081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080285310081","url":null,"abstract":"Since the appearance of the f irst genera l works on South African h i s to ry in the ear ly decades of the 20 th cen tury , no tably those by S F N Gie, Eric Walker , A J H van der Walt, J A Wild and A L Geyer and C W de Kiewiet , s u r v e y h i s to r i e s of a s imi la r n a t u r e h a v e p ro l i f e ra ted . The g e n e r a l w o r k s of Monica Wi l son and Leonard T h o m p s o n (Oxford History), and of C F J Muller and F A v a n Jaarsve ld , fol lowed in the 1960s. Since the 1980s, and especial ly in the 1990s, we had a regular flow of h is tor ies by h i s to r ians such as Rodney Davenport , Nell Pa r sons , J D Omer-Cooper, Nigel Worden, Chr is topher Saunders (Reader's Digest Illustrated History), Rober t Ross and others . By the end of the cen tu ry there were a lmos t a dozen to choose f rom in bookshops . General histor ies have been prescr ibed over the years by un ivers i ty p rofessors , and in the process m a n y up-and-coming h i s to r i ans were exposed ei ther to a ' l iberal Engl ish ' v iew of South African h i s to ry or an Afrikaner n a t i o n a l i s t pe r spec t ive . In la te r y e a r s (from the 1970s), w h e n revis ionis t h is torians added the d imens ion of class, au tho r s of genera l w o r k s ( re luc tan t ly at first) added Marxis t , neo-Marxis t or o ther theoretical s t r a n d s to their analyses . T o w a r d s the end of the 20 th cen tu ry a n e w t r end emerged: the wr i t ing of the h is tory of South Africa in tha t century . The i n g r e d i e n t w a s t e m p t i n g : a p a r t h e i d evolved and was demol i shed by its end. Afr ikaner n a t i o n a l i s m had r eached i ts h ighes t p innacle and s ta r ted i ts d o w n w a r d curve. African na t iona l i sm had s lumbered (and a lmos t died); had been revived and repressed; and eventua l ly b e c a m e t r iumphant . Of the few genera l s tud ies on 20thcen tu ry South Africa, wh ich include those by B J Liebenberg and S B Spies and by Wil l iam Beinart , J a m e s Barbe r ' s is the latest . Barber, a respec ted Bri t ish political sc ient is t , specif ies in the subt i t le tha t South Africa in the twentieth century is a political h is tory . Many h i s to r i ans m a y find tha t par t icu lar approach problemat ic . Can a h i s to ry of South Africa in the 20 th cen tu ry be 'polit ical '? Is there not too m u c h in terac t ion be tween social, economic and polit ical forces to l imit the field to political his tory? Are these dynamic forces not too en tangled to have a demarca ted po l i t i c a l h i s t o r y ? B a r b e r h a s h a r d l y t o u c h e d u p o n s o m e c ruc ia l i s s u e s in m o d e r n South African h is tory , par t icular ly in the period up to 1961. Examples are c h e a p l a b o u r deba te , as wel l as the re la t ionship be tween apar the id and capital ism. Can these i s sues real ly be disentangled f rom political h is tory? I believe not . Since the au tho r did not add res s these i s","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"30 1","pages":"162 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080285310081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58826154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Documentation Centre for African Studies: an overview of the scope of research themes in the archival accessions in the Unisa Library","authors":"M. Coetzee","doi":"10.1080/00232080285310071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080285310071","url":null,"abstract":"The Univers i ty of South Africa (Unisa) Library came into being in 1946 when dis tance teaching was introduced. Over the years the Archives and Special Collections Section, which is pa r t of the Unisa Library, has acqui red a n u m b e r of very impor t an t and unique collections which are invaluable to p resen t and future r esea rchers . Most of the archival collections were dona ted and not purchased . These collections are kept under archival condit ions and are accessed via the compu te r catalogue, pr in ted cata logues and other finding aids. During the year 2000 the Unisa Libra ry became the f irst ins t i tut ion in South Africa to digitise an archival collection. The C M Doke Collection of personal letters f rom M K Gandhi, together wi th other related materials, (1907-1970), is avai lable in electronic fo rma t on the Unisa Webpage h t t p : / /www.un i s a . a c . z a . l i b r a ry / m a i n / r e s ou rce / e t cweb /doke . h tml .","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"34 1","pages":"153 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080285310071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58825748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}