Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Predicting Drowning Mortality Risk Using Machine Learning Models; A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yousef Veisani, Ali Sahebi, Masoud Jobaneh, Hojjat Sayyadi, Ali Delpisheh, Jamshid Mohammadi, Faezeh Rahmani, Zohreh Ghomian","doi":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2963","DOIUrl":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Particularly in highly tourist-active coastal locations, drowning is still a serious international public health concern. This study investigates the predictive value of machine learning approaches in estimating drowning-related mortality risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed drowning incident data from the Emergency Management and Medical Urgency Center of Guilan Province, covering the period from 2018 to 2023. The data were preprocessed, missing values imputed using the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, and balanced using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). Three models including logistic regression, decision tree, and naïve Bayes were evaluated in predicting the risk of mortality following drowning and sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of each model was calculated and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 600 consecutive cases meeting the eligibility criteria were extracted for analysis, forming the final dataset. Logistic regression exhibited the highest predictive power, with an accuracy of 51.67% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 60.02%. The most influential variables in drowning-related mortality prediction were drowning location, drowning year, gender, and age. High-risk areas posed a 33-fold higher mortality risk than safe locations (p < 0.001). Age and gender were not statistically significant predictors of fatal drowning.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given its superior interpretability and predictive capability, logistic regression was identified as the most effective model for assessing drowning mortality risk. Preventative measures should focus on identifying high-risk areas, installing warning signs, implementing lifeguard teams, educating tourists, and enforcing strict coastal safety regulations to mitigate drowning fatalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8146,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasonography for Detection of Acute Injuries of Lateral Ankle Ligaments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Danial Sharifi Razavi, Mohammadali Seiri, Mehrdad Farrokhi","doi":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.3038","DOIUrl":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.3038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Several studies have assessed the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for detecting acute lateral ankle ligament injuries, but their findings have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the pooled diagnostic performance of ultrasonography for early detection of acute injuries of the four lateral ankle ligaments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Major databases with a high likelihood of containing eligible studies, including Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, were systematically searched from inception to April 2026. Diagnostic parameters were estimated using the extracted contingency table data, with MetaDisc software and the MIDAS package in Stata.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>10 eligible studies, with a total of 454 patients, were included in the analyses. The sensitivity of ultrasonography for diagnosing injuries of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL), and anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.98), 0.82 (95% CI, 0.76-0.88), 0.33 (95% CI, 0.13-0.59), and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.74-0.98), respectively. The specificity for detecting injuries of the ATFL, CFL, PTFL, and AITFL was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.96), 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85-0.95), 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90-0.99), and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78-0.92), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasonography demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy for detecting lateral ankle ligament injuries, particularly for the ATFL and AITFL, with strong sensitivity and specificity. It is also effective for both confirming and excluding ATFL injuries. For CFL injuries, ultrasonography shows good diagnostic performance, although it is more effective for confirming than excluding CFL pathology. In contrast, its low sensitivity for PTFL injuries limits its diagnostic reliability for this ligament.</p>","PeriodicalId":8146,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13265068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driver Drowsiness Detection using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Saber Ghaffari Fam, Ehsan Sarbazi, Senobar Naderian, Salman Khazaei, Mehmet Tatli, Hassan Soleimanpour","doi":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2932","DOIUrl":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Behavioral indicators have been increasingly utilized in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) frameworks to enable automated driver drowsiness detection (DDD). This study aimed to investigate the available evidence on the modeling frameworks, datasets, input modalities, and performance metrics used in DDD systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore for English-language publications up to 31 August 2025. Eligible studies were original research that applied ML or DL techniques to image- or video-based behavioral features for automatic DDD. Studies focusing primarily on vehicle telemetry, physiological signals without behavioral imaging, reviews, editorials, and gray literature were excluded. We extracted the dataset, input data modality, driving context, inference mode, ML/DL methods, and performance metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Risk of bias was evaluated using the PROBA-AI tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 69 studies met the inclusion criteria. DL models outperformed ML, achieving higher median accuracy (94.48% vs. 91.80%) and significantly better F1-scores (93.15% vs. 84.00%). Median recall was comparable between DL and ML models (93.76% vs. 94.12%), and precision remained similarly high across both approaches (93.18% vs. 94.6%). Most DL methods employed Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), or hybrid CNN- Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architectures, whereas ML studies primarily relied on classical classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) supported by handcrafted behavioral features. PROBA-AI assessment revealed considerable methodological heterogeneity, with 27 studies rated as high risk, 25 as low risk, and 17 as moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DL models demonstrate clear performance advantages over ML approaches, particularly in accuracy and F1-score. However, substantial methodological variability-reflected in inconsistent dataset design, annotation practices, and validation strategies-continues to limit comparability across studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8146,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13265076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iranian Researchers' Contribution to Emergency Medicine During 1972-2024; A Bibliometric and Scientific Visualization Study.","authors":"Rasoul Salimi, Davoud Haseli, Heidar Mokhtari, Mohammad Karim Saberi, Abbas Fattahi, Bahram Heshmati","doi":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2837","DOIUrl":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bibliometrics tends to analyze the scientific research items published on a specific field or topic. This study aimed to analyze Iranian researchers' production in the field of emergency medicine (EM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This bibliometric visualization study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach and based on data from the Scopus database. All scientific output of Iranian researchers in the field of EM by the end of 2024 was collected and analyzed using VOSviewer 1.6.20 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Iran's scientific output in the field of EM has grown significantly. The Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine is the top journal and Tehran University of Medical Sciences is the top institution publishing the scientific productions of Iranian researchers in the field. The United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia are Iran's largest scientific collaborating partners. Iran is the second-ranked leading country in the Middle East, publishing 20.38% of the Middle Eastern scientific publications in the field. Out of 17 countries in the Middle East, only two countries, Turkey and Iran, are in the top 20 countries in the world. The co-occurrence map of keywords showed the five thematic clusters, including risk factors and clinical outcomes, clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators, emergency and psychiatric services, medical diagnostic and imaging tools, and vital signs and clinical monitoring.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As the second-ranked country in the Middle East and the 16th-ranked in the world, Iran has a prominent position and a high capacity for scientific development and research diplomacy in EM. The trend of scientific productions of EM in Iran is also growing. Promoting this status and maintaining this trend requires special attention from officials and policy makers to research, expanding international cooperation, increasing the quality of research and focusing on interdisciplinary and problem-oriented research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8146,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13265069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological, Clinical Features, and Complications of Scorpion Sting in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey; A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Erdinç Balcı, Fevzi Yılmaz, Nazmi Toprak, Ökkeş Zortuk, Cemil Kavalcı, Engin Deniz Arslan, Tayfun Anıl Demir, Yavuz Fatih Yavuz","doi":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2637","DOIUrl":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Scorpion sting (SS) resulting in envenomation is a life-threatening emergency and causes serious health problems in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to present the epidemiologic and clinical features of scorpion sting in the mediterranean region of Turkey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross sectional study the epidemiologic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of cases who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) of Antalya Training and Research Hospital with scorpion stings between January 2017 and December 2020 were <i>analyzed using SPSS version 23.</i></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>843 cases with the mean age of 40.49±21.26 years were evaluated (19.8% <18 years and 50.5% female). Allmost all patients (98%), had been stung by a yellow scorpion. The majority of patients were in grade 1 and grade 2 severiry (40.1%, n=338; 47.9%, n=404, respectively) according to <i>the clinical grading.</i> One patient died, 4.4% (n=36) were admitted to the intensive care unit and 89.4% of the patients were discharged from the ED. While cases of scorpion stings in children were prevalent during the winter months, cases affecting adults and the elderly were more common during the summer and autumn.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>The majority of scorpion stings in Antalya and its environs were with yellow scorpion, in urban area, among adults, in distal parts of the extremities, and with mild clinical severity.</i> There was a significant correlation between age group and seasona, age group and <i>laboratory findings</i>, <i>and clinical severity and laboratory findings.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8146,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13265067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing RAMA-LVO with other Prehospital Large-Vessel Occlusion Prediction Scales in Suspected Acute Stroke; A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Torntarn Charascharungkiat, Varaporn Wangviboonchai, Chaiyaporn Yuksen, Welawat Tienpratarn, Chantarat Palee, Chetsadakon Jenpanitpong","doi":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2928","DOIUrl":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stroke is a leading global cause of disability, with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) representing a significant proportion of ischemic strokes and requiring timely endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for optimal outcomes. This study aimed to validate and compare RAMA-LVO with other prehospital LVO prediction scales.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-center diagnostic accuracy study included adult patients who were triaged as suspected acute stroke in the emergency department (ED) of a university hospital. Four prehospital LVO prediction scales including RAMA-LVO, Rapid Arterial oCclusion Evaluation (RACE), Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED), and Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) were calculated from documented neurological assessments and compared against confirmed vascular imaging findings. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), with comparative analysis by DeLong's test and calibration plots to assess model fit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,463 patients with suspected acute stroke, 853 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 124 (14.54%) confirmed to have large-vessel occlusion (LVO), most commonly involving the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery. Patients with LVO were older (p < 0.001), had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (p < 0.001), and were more likely to receive intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy (p < 0.001) compared with non-LVO patients. Among the four prehospital LVO scales, FAST-ED showed the highest discriminative performance (AUROC = 0.873), closely followed by RAMA-LVO (AUROC = 0.858), while RAMA-LVO demonstrated the highest sensitivity but slightly lower specificity relative to other scales.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The RAMA-LVO score demonstrated strong accuracy for identifying acute LVO stroke, comparable to FAST-ED, and may serve as a practical prehospital triage tool for directing patients to thrombectomy-capable centers, especially in regions with transfer delays.</p>","PeriodicalId":8146,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13265063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerns About Heterogeneity Assessment in Statistics of Meta-analyses; a Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Manoochehr Karami, Mehrdad Farrokhi","doi":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2722","DOIUrl":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid growth of diagnostic meta-analyses has highlighted concerns regarding heterogeneity assessment and statistical model selection. Although heterogeneity is commonly evaluated using the Cochrane Q test and I² statistic, conceptual and methodological judgment should guide model choice. Inadequate reporting of statistical models and reliance on software default settings can lead to discrepancies in pooled diagnostic estimates. Differences between Meta-DiSc and MIDAS are minimal under low heterogeneity but become pronounced with high heterogeneity, underscoring the need for transparent reporting and informed methodological decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8146,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13265065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Perceptions of Healthcare Professionals and Community Members Regarding Rabies Control; A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Iraj Goli Khatir, Mohammad Rahimi, Shiv Kumar Mudgal, Vipin Patidar, Haneet Kaur, Zohreh Hosseini Marznaki, Fatemeh Keshavarzi, Seyed Mohammad Hosseininejad","doi":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2902","DOIUrl":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite effective vaccines and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), gaps in awareness and practices hinder Rabies control efforts. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perception of healthcare professionals and community members regarding rabies control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2024 to April 2025 among community people who presented to emergency department (ED) with animal bite and health care professionals who were working in EDs of 4 Hospitals in Sari, Iran. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The correlation between studied variables and knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perception of healthcare professionals and community members regarding rabies control were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>766 participants (383 healthcare professionals, 383 community members) were included. Community knowledge was low, with only 20.1% aware that animal bites can transmit rabies, compared to 98.7% of healthcare workers. Awareness of wound washing with soap and water was inadequate (31.3% among community members; 61.1% among healthcare professionals). Misconceptions about rabies hosts were common. A minority in both groups still relied on traditional healers, delaying appropriate care. Education, pet ownership, and access to clinics were positively correlated with higher knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found significant shortcomings among healthcare professionals as well as severe gaps in rabies-related knowledge and essential preventive behaviors, especially among community members. Inadequate wound-washing techniques and a lack of knowledge about the routes of transmission underscore the critical need for focused education and ongoing professional training to enhance rabies control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8146,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13265066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography for Identification of Skull Fracture in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Reza Soltani Motlagh, Lida Zare Lahijan, Mehrdad Farrokhi, Khadijeh Harati, Reza Zahedpasha, Sepehr Ramezanipour, Ali Mashhadi Nezhad, Mobin Mottahedi, Helena Mehran, Atousa Moghadam Fard, Hamed Beiramy, Morteza Alipour, Kimia Kowsari, Sanaz Amiri Marbini, Hamed Ghorbani, Fatemeh Amini, Naeimeh Hosseini","doi":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2951","DOIUrl":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is no consensus on the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography for identifying skull fractures in children, and the accuracy of this imaging modality in this age group has been questioned. This study performed a pooled analysis to explore the diagnostic performance characteristics of ultrasonography in this regard.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three databases, Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus, were systematically searched from their inception through August 2025. Data extraction of diagnostic parameters was performed by two independent authors. Pooled estimates of the diagnostic parameters were calculated using Meta-Disc software and the MIDAS package of Stata.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated sensitivity of ultrasonography for detecting skull fracture in children was 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-0.92), and the specificity was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98). The estimated positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 23.21 (95% CI: 14.84-36.32), while the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.09-0.20). The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 208.89 (95% CI: 112.68-387.27), and the estimated overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography was 0.96.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasonography demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for identifying skull fractures in children, with evidence indicating stronger performance for confirmation than for exclusion. However, the high risk of bias in patient selection across the studies limits the generalizability of the evidence, and the results should therefore be interpreted with appropriate caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":8146,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13265071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148256987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Prevalence and Its Related Factors among Traffic Crush Injured Drivers; A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Mahin Eslami Shahrebabaki, Setareh Rostamizadeh, Anahita Karamooz, Habibeh Ahmadi-Pour, Niloufar Bahrampour","doi":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2897","DOIUrl":"10.22037/aaem.v14i1.2897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with a prevalence of about 5% in adults, is associated with risky behaviors and increased injuries. This study was conducted to investigate the ADHD prevalence and its related factors among individuals injured in traffic crashes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based cross-sectional study included the drivers who presented to the emergency department due to traffic crash injuries during one year. Data were collected through clinical interviews, review of medical records, and the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and inferential tests such as chi-square and logistic regression were applied to assess associations between ADHD diagnosis and crash-related variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>450 drivers injured in traffic crashes in the year 2024 were examined for the prevalence of ADHD. Total prevalence of ADHD among studied drivers was 17.35%. ADHD was more prevalent among younger individuals (p = 0.0235) and males (p = 0.0007). Patients with history of previous crashes were significantly more likely to have ADHD (p = 0.0009). No significant association was found between ADHD and educational level (p = 0.9116), daily (p = 0.443) or weekly (p = 0.076) driving hours, type of vehicle (p = 0.522), or location of the crash (p = 0.825).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the main finding the prevalence of ADHD among the studied derivers was 17.35%. The most important related factors of ADHD prevalence were younger age, male gender, and positive history of previous traffic crash injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":8146,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13265064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148256971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}