Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS最新文献

Appropriate Hospital Discharge Timing after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Comparison of Postoperative Day 1 vs. Day 2 Discharge Protocol. 腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的适当出院时间：术后第 1 天与第 2 天出院方案的比较。

Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS Pub Date : 2019-06-01 Epub Date: 2019-06-15 DOI: 10.7602/jmis.2019.22.2.69

Jae Woo Park, Munjin Kim, Sang Kuon Lee

{"title":"Appropriate Hospital Discharge Timing after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Comparison of Postoperative Day 1 vs. Day 2 Discharge Protocol.","authors":"Jae Woo Park, Munjin Kim, Sang Kuon Lee","doi":"10.7602/jmis.2019.22.2.69","DOIUrl":"10.7602/jmis.2019.22.2.69","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The critical pathway (CP) was introduced as a means to provide quality healthcare service in many fields of surgery. CP may increase the patient's satisfaction rate and lowering hospital stay and medical cost also. We aimed to compare the two kinds of CP applied in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients by different hospital stay length.Methods: From March 2016 to October 2016, 71 patients were enrolled in this analysis among 241 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were divided into two groups, 38 patients in the 1-day CP group and 33 patients in the 2-day CP group. In a retrospective review, surgical outcomes and related hospital costs were analyzed.Results: Preoperative characteristics were not different between two CP groups. In analysis of operative outcome, 2-day CP group showed longer operative time than 1-day CP (73.4 vs 54.1 min, p<0.001); otherwise, there was no significant difference in frequency of postop complications (6.1% vs 2.6%, p=0.474), numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score (1.82 vs 2.16, p=0.052), and count of analgesics injection (0.12 vs 0.16, p=0.754). Total admission cost and actual patient's expenditures were higher in 2-day CP group, but there was no statistically significant difference (347.04 vs 306.69×104 won, p=0.106; 147.85 vs 125.58×104 won, p=0.276).Conclusion: The length of hospital stay was shortened in 1-day CP group than in 2-day CP group, while there was no difference in other parameters. Therefore, it is feasible and safe practical policy the use 1-day CP in selected patients who undergo cholecystectomy according to our results.","PeriodicalId":81438,"journal":{"name":"Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS","volume":"33 1","pages":"69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8980169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89269898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repeat Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration in Patients with Suspected Pancreatic Cancer: Diagnostic Yield and Associated Change in Access to Appropriate Care. 疑似胰腺癌患者的重复内镜超声引导细针抽吸术：诊断率和获得适当治疗的相关变化。

IF 2.7

Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-08-25 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7678403

Robert A Mitchell, Dylan Stanger, Constantin Shuster, Jennifer Telford, Eric Lam, Robert Enns

{"title":"Repeat Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration in Patients with Suspected Pancreatic Cancer: Diagnostic Yield and Associated Change in Access to Appropriate Care.","authors":"Robert A Mitchell, Dylan Stanger, Constantin Shuster, Jennifer Telford, Eric Lam, Robert Enns","doi":"10.1155/2016/7678403","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2016/7678403","url":null,"abstract":"Background. There is a high incidence of inconclusive cytopathology at initial EUS-FNA (endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration) for suspected malignant pancreatic lesions. To obtain appropriate preoperative or palliative chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer, definitive cytopathology is often required. The utility of repeat EUS-FNA is not well established. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted evaluating the yield of repeat EUS-FNA in determining a cytological diagnosis in patients who had undergone a prior EUS-FNA for diagnosis of suspected malignant pancreatic lesions with inconclusive cytopathology. The wait times to the second procedure and to decisions regarding therapy were calculated. Results. Overall, 45 repeat EUS-FNA procedures were performed over seven years for suspected malignant pancreatic lesions. Cytopathological class (I to IV) changed between first and second EUS-FNA in 32 patients (71%). Of 34 patients with an initially nonconclusive diagnosis, 20 had a conclusive diagnosis (59%) on repeat EUS-FNA. The cumulative yield after repeat EUS-FNA for definite pancreatic adenocarcinoma was 7 (16%). The median time interval between first and second EUS-FNA was 31 (7-175) days. Conclusions. A substantial number of patients had a definitive diagnosis of adenocarcinoma on repeat FNA and were, therefore, subsequently able to access appropriate care. ","PeriodicalId":81438,"journal":{"name":"Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS","volume":"30 1","pages":"7678403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/7678403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90468881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Landau's youthful sallies into stellar theory: Their origins, claims, and receptions 朗道年轻时对恒星理论的抨击:它们的起源、主张和接受

Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS Pub Date : 2007-03-01 DOI: 10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.337

K. Hufbauer

{"title":"Landau's youthful sallies into stellar theory: Their origins, claims, and receptions","authors":"K. Hufbauer","doi":"10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.337","url":null,"abstract":"Soviet physicist Lev Landau ventured into stellar theory three times during his twenties. In 1931 a hope of turning up fundamental results evidently inspired him to follow up Niels Bohr9s idea that the processes powering stars violated energy conservation. Two years later, friendship with George Gamow seems to have led him to sign on to a note about the relation between stellar central temperatures and surface elemental abundances. And in 1937 worries about the intensi.cation of So-viet purges apparently motivated him to return to the stellar-energy problem. Here, as in 1931, Landau developed the view that stars have centrally condensed cores, this time proposing that such cores consist entirely of neutrons. While Landau9s idea enjoyed a positive reception from Izvestiia and the Soviet Academy, this response was not suf.cient to keep him out of Soviet jails. The idea did, however, play a major role in initiating Robert Oppenheimer9s research into relativistic gravitational collapse, research that would soon lead Oppenheimer to the idea of what would come to be called black holes.","PeriodicalId":81438,"journal":{"name":"Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS","volume":"37 1","pages":"337-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67158547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Emil Rupp, Albert Einstein and the canal ray experiments on wave-particle duality: Scientific fraud and theoretical bias 埃米尔·鲁普、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和波粒二象性的通道射线实验:科学欺诈和理论偏差

Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS Pub Date : 2007-03-01 DOI: 10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.S.73

J. Dongen

引用次数: 27

Money for Keeling: Monitoring CO2 levels 基林的资金:监测二氧化碳水平

Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS Pub Date : 2007-03-01 DOI: 10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.435

S. Weart

{"title":"Money for Keeling: Monitoring CO2 levels","authors":"S. Weart","doi":"10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.435","url":null,"abstract":"C.D. Keeling9s measurements of the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere since 1957, tracking a rise that threatens global warming, form one of the most important scienti.c data sets ever created. Yet the relatively small funding Keeling required was rarely secure. He could begin his measurements only because of a one-time injection of funds into geophysics during the International Geophysical Year. The original aim was to take a \"snapshot\" which could be repeated a few decades later to .nd whether the level of the gas had risen as predicted. Keeling and his sponsors made personal appeals to divert additional funds so he could re.ne and extend his measurements; in consequence, with just two years of data he showed that the level was rising. In the following decades, maintaining fund-ing was problematic. Agencies saw the work as \"routine monitoring\" rather than cutting-edge research. In the 1970s, the rise of an environmental movement helped reframe climate change and CO2 emissions as a threat. Funding expanded within a context of monitoring atmospheric pollution and government agency empire building. But in the early 1980s, political reaction against environmentalism again threatened Keeling9s program. The story re.ects larger trends over the past half-century towards the bureaucratization and politicization of science funding.","PeriodicalId":81438,"journal":{"name":"Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS","volume":"37 1","pages":"435-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67158683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Technology at a crossroads: The Fifth Generation Computer Project in Japan 十字路口的技术:日本的第五代计算机项目

Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS Pub Date : 2007-03-01 DOI: 10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.355

K. Koizumi

{"title":"Technology at a crossroads: The Fifth Generation Computer Project in Japan","authors":"K. Koizumi","doi":"10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.355","url":null,"abstract":"In the midst of intense Japanese/U.S. trade frictions in high technology in the early 1980s, Japan took the unprecedented step of launching a revolutionary Fifth Generation Computer Project (FGCP). Until that juncture, Japan had simply followed paths laid out by the West in the areas of science and technology. The FGCP, however, represented a historical moment as Japanese engineers attempted to extricate themselves from untenable constraints while presenting reputable achievements to the world at large. In designing the Fifth Generation Computer, Japanese engineers found themselves split between two tenable concepts: a revolutionary new computer of non-Von Neumann architecture or an evolutionary computer that combined Von Neumann with non-Von Neumann elements. At a crossroads, unable to prove to each other the technological superiority of one over the other, they made their decision to take the revolutionary path on the basis of non-technical factors: the universal cultural values “originality” and “fairness.” This paper will argue that in contrast to the importance often given to unique, local, culture-bound values when dealing with non-Western case studies, the Japanese engineers deliberately chose universally recognized cultural values to resolve their technological impasse. The choice was made not only to advance computer technology, but essentially to gain indisputable distinction and to establish a new and fresh technological relationship with the Western World.","PeriodicalId":81438,"journal":{"name":"Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS","volume":"11 1","pages":"355-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67158586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cosmology and the entropic creation argument 宇宙学和熵创造论

Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS Pub Date : 2007-03-01 DOI: 10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.369

H. Kragh

引用次数: 5

The coming of reversibility: The discovery of DNA repair between the atomic age and the information age 可逆性的到来:原子时代和信息时代之间DNA修复的发现

Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS Pub Date : 2007-03-01 DOI: 10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.S.35

Doogab Yi

{"title":"The coming of reversibility: The discovery of DNA repair between the atomic age and the information age","authors":"Doogab Yi","doi":"10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.S.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.S.35","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the contested \"biological\" meaning of the genetic effects of radiation amid nuclear fear during the 1950s and 1960s. In particular, I explore how the question of irreversibility, a question that eventually led to the discovery of DNA repair, took shape in the context of postwar concerns of atomic energy. Yale biophysicists who opposed nuclear weapons testing later ironically played a central role in the discovery of DNA excision repair, or \"error-correcting codes\" that suggested the reversibility of the genetic effects of radiation. At Yale and elsewhere, continuing anticipation of medical applications from radiation therapy contributed to the discovery of DNA repair. The story of the discovery of DNA repair illustrates how the gene was studied in the atomic age and illuminates its legacy for the postwar life sciences. I argue that it was through the investigation of the irreversibility of the biological effects of radiation that biologists departed from an inert view of genetic stability and began to appreciate the dynamic stability of the gene. Moreover, the reformulation of DNA repair around notions of information and error-correction helped radiobiologists to expand the relevance of DNA repair research beyond radiobiology, even after the public concerns on nuclear fallout faded in the mid-1960s.","PeriodicalId":81438,"journal":{"name":"Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS","volume":"37 1","pages":"35-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.S.35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67158494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Oppenheimer's first paper: Molecular band spectra and a professional style 奥本海默的第一篇论文:分子波段光谱和专业风格

Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS Pub Date : 2007-03-01 DOI: 10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.2.247

D. Cassidy

引用次数: 3

Léon Rosenfeld’s Marxist defense of complementarity 罗森菲尔德对互补性的马克思主义辩护

Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS Pub Date : 2007-03-01 DOI: 10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.S.3

A. S. Jacobsen

{"title":"Léon Rosenfeld’s Marxist defense of complementarity","authors":"A. S. Jacobsen","doi":"10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.S.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.S.3","url":null,"abstract":"The Belgian physicist Leeon Rosenfeld (1904––1974) has been called \"the clarifier\" of Niels Bohr's ideas in quantum mechanics. He had a unique connection to Bohr as his close collaborator from 1930 until Bohr died in 1962. However, although he is considered Bohr's spokesman, he had his own characteristic way of articulating Bohr's views. In particular, Rosenfeld added a dialectical-materialist layer to Bohr's ideas in certain contexts. Despite Rosenfeld's open profession of Marxism, the literature has generally avoided discussing its relevance for his work and activities. This paper suggests some reasons why and investigates Rosenfeld's combination of Marxism and complementarity, which his colleague and friend Wolfgang Pauli metaphorically denoted by the equation \"Rosenfeld = √√Trotsky ×× Bohr.\" Rosenfeld's particular views appear anomalous to the frequently expressed stereotypes of both Marxism and complementarity. The paper concentrates on the role Marxist philosophy played in Rosenfeld's fierce defense of complementarity from the late 1940s through the 1950s and the reception his campaign was accorded at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":81438,"journal":{"name":"Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences : HSPS","volume":"14 1","pages":"3-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/HSPS.2007.37.S.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67158425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27