Archiv für Tierernaehrung最新文献

Butyric acid stimulates rumen mucosa development in the calf mainly by a reduction of apoptosis 丁酸刺激犊牛瘤胃黏膜发育的主要途径是减少细胞凋亡

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386185

J. Mentschel, R. Leiser, C. Mülling, C. Pfarrer, R. Claus

{"title":"Butyric acid stimulates rumen mucosa development in the calf mainly by a reduction of apoptosis","authors":"J. Mentschel, R. Leiser, C. Mülling, C. Pfarrer, R. Claus","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386185","url":null,"abstract":"In ruminants the Stimulation of papillar growth by butyric acid is well described but effects on mitosis and apoptosis are not known. To clarify the effect of short chain fatty acids three groups of three calves received a basic ration of 100 g hay per day for 6 weeks and additionally milk replacer. From these, two groups were fed with increasing amounts of the salts of either propionic acid (53 to 390 g) or butyric acid up to (54 to 326 g). The control group instead received an additional isocaloric amount of milk replacer. Mitosis was characterized by Ki67 immunoreactivity, apoptosis by a modified TUNEL assay and by electron microscopy. The feeding regimes led to significant differences of papillar length, increasing from 1.0mm (controls) to 2.2 mm (propionic acid) and 4 mm (butyric acid). This enlargement was partly explained by an increased mitotic rate for the two fatty acid groups. The difference between the fatty acid groups was mainly explained by different apoptotic rates which were only one third for butyric acid compared to propionic acid (P < 0.001). In conclusion, butyric acid is a specific inhibitor of ruminal apoptosis in vivo.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90735420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 189

Response of animals to dietary gramine. I. performance and selected hematological, biochemical and histological parameters in growing chicken, rats and pigs 动物对饲粮谷氨酰胺的反应。1 .生长鸡、大鼠和猪的性能及选择的血液学、生化和组织学参数

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386178

B. Pastuszewska, S. Smulikowska, J. Wasilewko, L. Buraczewska, A. Ochtabińska, A. Mieczkowska, R. Lechowski, W. Bielecki

{"title":"Response of animals to dietary gramine. I. performance and selected hematological, biochemical and histological parameters in growing chicken, rats and pigs","authors":"B. Pastuszewska, S. Smulikowska, J. Wasilewko, L. Buraczewska, A. Ochtabińska, A. Mieczkowska, R. Lechowski, W. Bielecki","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386178","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of feeding varied levels of low‐ and high‐gramine yellow lupin seeds (LG and HG, respectively), and of synthetic gramine added to the diets in amounts ranging from 0.15 to 1.2 g per kg were investigated in one experiment on growing chicken and in two experiments on growing rats. The comparison of LG and HG lupin and the effect of 0.5 g gramine per kg of LG diet were determined in a growth‐balance experiment with pigs. Organ weights and histology, blood parameters and activity of liver enzymes were determined. The response to HG lupin and gramine concentration varied among the species, the rats being more affected than chicken; no adverse effects of HG lupin or gramine were found in growing pigs. The common reaction of rats and chicken to the high levels of gramine (native or synthetic) was the decrease of feed intake and body gain. The increase of the relative weight of liver or kidney, changes in hematological parameters and liver enzymes were found only in rats. The estimated NOAEL (no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level) of gramine was about 0.3g/kg diet for rats, 0.65 g for chicken and at least 0.5 g for growing pigs.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75570239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Effect of lactobacillus supplementation on growth and nutrient utilization in Mongrel pups 添加乳酸菌对杂种幼犬生长和养分利用的影响

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386195

K. Pasupathy, A. Sahoo, N. N. Pathak

{"title":"Effect of lactobacillus supplementation on growth and nutrient utilization in Mongrel pups","authors":"K. Pasupathy, A. Sahoo, N. N. Pathak","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386195","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of lactobacillus supplementation was studied in eight Mongrel pups of about 10 weeks of age with a mean body weight of 5.2 kg divided into two equal groups, control (group C) and a probiotic supplemented group (group L). Both groups received the same feed (biscuit) which was for group L supplemented with 2 × 107 cfu of a Lactobacillus acidophilus strain. The feeding trial lasted 13 weeks and included a digestibility trial of six days during which feed and faeces were collected to assess intake and digestibility of nutrients. Growth was recorded as weekly live weight change and the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of stool were examined periodically to assess the effect of lactobacillus on intestinal health. The biscuits contained 89% DM, 32.6% CP, 5.8% ash and 12.7% EE with TDN, GE and ME content of 890 g, 19.6 MJ and 14.6 MJ per kg DM, respectively. The DM, OM, CP and GE digestibilities were between 76% to 79% and the EE digestibility was 93%. The CF digestibility was negligible (22%). There were no significant differences between the two groups. There was an appetite stimulation and a relatively higher DM intake (10 to 15%) which induced higher daily gain, 102 g in group L vs. 92 g in group C up to 19 weeks of age, the difference declined thereafter. The average daily gain during the whole period was 74.5 ±8.0 g and 81.6 ±6.0 g in group C and L, respectively, and the difference was statistically non‐significant (P>0.05). The stools showed similar physical properties and composition with acidic pH in both groups. Lactobacillus supplementation caused a competitive establishment in the gastrointestinal tract of pups. It can be concluded that lactobacillus supplementation shows a positive effect during active growth phase (up to 4.5 months of age), which became insignificant in the later period of life.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84659232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Effect of short‐term underfeeding on weight of splanchnic organs in ewes 短期欠饲对母羊内脏器官重量的影响

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109381987

P. Nozière, M. Doreau

{"title":"Effect of short‐term underfeeding on weight of splanchnic organs in ewes","authors":"P. Nozière, M. Doreau","doi":"10.1080/17450390109381987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109381987","url":null,"abstract":"We assessed the effect of short‐term underfeeding on weight and protein mass of splanchnic tissues in adult ewes submitted to a factorial experimental design. In a pre‐experimental period, 18 ewes divided into 2 groups of 9 were fed a second cut of natural grassland hay during 4 weeks at 112 or 38% of their energy maintenance requirements. Three ewes of each group were then fed the same hay during 4 weeks at either low (group L), moderate (group M) or high intake (group H), corresponding to 38, 75 or 112% of their energy maintenance requirements, respectively, then slaughtered. Fresh weight and protein mass of splanchnic organs were measured. No carry‐over effect of the pre‐experimental level of intake on weight and protein mass was observed for any splanchnic organs. Splanchnic tissues contributed at 10.7 and 8.6% to the decrease in live weight for groups M and L, respectively. The decrease in weight of splanchnic tissues (‐15%) was mainly attributed to reticulorumen (‐23%), liver (‐21%), and at a lesser extent small intestine (‐11%). No large change in the mass ratio between mucosa and muscular‐sercsa in both dorsal and ventral sacs occurred in the rumen wall. These results are discussed together with previous published results on long‐term underfed ewes, and suggest that the decrease in energy expenditure in whole animal induced by underfeeding is mainly related to the decrease in splanchnic weight at short‐term, and to the decrease in other tissues at long‐term, splanchnic weight being stabilized.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82503313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The apparent digestibility of fibre in trotters when dietary soybean oil is substituted for an iso‐energetic amount of glucose 当饲粮用大豆油代替等量葡萄糖时，马驹纤维的表观消化率

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109381986

W. L. Jansen, J. van der Kuilen, S. N. Geelen, A. Beynen

{"title":"The apparent digestibility of fibre in trotters when dietary soybean oil is substituted for an iso‐energetic amount of glucose","authors":"W. L. Jansen, J. van der Kuilen, S. N. Geelen, A. Beynen","doi":"10.1080/17450390109381986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109381986","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt was made to quantify the effect of extra fat intake on fibre utilization in horses. In a 4×4 cross‐over trial with feeding periods of 24 days each, eight mature trotting horses (age 4 to 12 years, 407 to 531 kg BW) were given four diets. The concentrates were formulated to contain either soybean oil or an iso‐energetic amount of glucose or combinations of the two ingredients. The concentrates were fed in combination with the same amount of hay so that the whole diets contained 30, 50, 77 or 108 g EE/kg DM. Apart from the amounts of fat and glucose the four diets were identical. With an increase of 10g/kg DM of soybean oil the apparent total tract digestibility of crude fibre was reduced with 0.9 percentage units. Extra fat intake also reduced apparent protein and NFE digestibility, but raised apparent fat digestibility. Although the present results may hold specifically for the conditions of this study, it is suggested that the observed interaction between fat content of the diet and macronutrient utilization might have consequences for practical horse feeding in that calculating the energy content of high‐fat diets on the basis of feedstuff tables will lead to over‐ or underestimating the amount of energy provided by the various ingredients of the diets.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83628409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Effect of feeding regime on the metabolism of ochratoxin a during the in vitro incubation in buffered rumen fluid from cows 饲喂方式对奶牛瘤胃缓冲液中赭曲霉毒素a体外培养代谢的影响

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109381984

H. Müller, K. Müller, H. Steingass

{"title":"Effect of feeding regime on the metabolism of ochratoxin a during the in vitro incubation in buffered rumen fluid from cows","authors":"H. Müller, K. Müller, H. Steingass","doi":"10.1080/17450390109381984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109381984","url":null,"abstract":"Pure ochratoxin A (OA) was added to buffered rumen fluid collected from two fisrulated cows and incubated under anaerobic conditions. Both animals were fed six diets containing grass, grass silage or hay, and two different amounts of concentrate consisting of barley and soybean meal. Four incubations per animal and diet were carried out at consecutive days. The concentration of OA declined exponentially to a very low or non‐detectable level under all conditions examined, with half‐lives at 0.51 to 2.76 h. The disappearance of OA was accompanied by the appearance of ochratoxin α (Oα) with an average amount of Oα formed relative to the disappearance of OA near 100%, independent of diet and animal. Based on four incubations per animal and diet the rate of OA disappearance was affected (P < 0.1) by the origin of rumen fluid from two animals, as well as by the type of basic component and amount of concentrate in the diet, with interactions between these factors. The disappearance of OA mostly was accelerated (P<0.1) by replacing grass silage or hay by fresh grass and by increasing the content of concentrate from 10 to 50% of dry matter. It is concluded that the capacity of the rumen to detoxify OA is not limited by the yield of Oa from OA but is strongly dependent on animal and diet.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91345951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Influencing the immune parameters in germ‐free piglets by administration of seal oil with increased content of ω‐3 PUFA 增加ω - 3 PUFA含量的海豹油对无菌仔猪免疫参数的影响

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109381988

V. Révajová, J. Pistl, R. Kaštel, L. Bindas, D. Magic, M. Levkut, A. Bomba, J. Šajbidor

引用次数: 9

Effect of feeding supplemental copper on performance, fatty acid profile and on cholesterol contents and oxidative stability of meat of rabbits 饲粮中添加铜对家兔生产性能、脂肪酸分布、胆固醇含量和氧化稳定性的影响

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109381989

V. Skřivanová, M. Skřivan, M. Marounek, M. Baran

{"title":"Effect of feeding supplemental copper on performance, fatty acid profile and on cholesterol contents and oxidative stability of meat of rabbits","authors":"V. Skřivanová, M. Skřivan, M. Marounek, M. Baran","doi":"10.1080/17450390109381989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109381989","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred and four rabbits, five weeks old at the beginning of the experiment, were divided into four groups according to a feed additive treatment. Rabbits of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th group were fed a basal granulated feed (control), basal feed supplemented with CuSO4 · 5H2O at 50mg Cu · kg‐1, basal feed supplemented with 150mg Cu · kg‐1, and the latter feed supplemented with 100mg · kg‐1 vitamin E, respectively. The duration of the experiment was 42 days. Addition of Cu at 150mg · kg.‐1 increased weight gain non‐significantly by 9.1%. This effect was the most pronounced in the first two weeks of fattening. The lowest mortality was observed in rabbits fed the highest amount of additives (7.7% vs. 19.2% in the control). Rabbits were slaughtered at the age of 11 weeks. Neither treatment influenced proportions of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids extracted from the loin and hindleg muscles. In rabbits fed the highest amount of copper and vitamin E, the cholesterol concentration was significantly decreased by 13.6% and 17.9% in the loin and hindleg meat, respectively. Effects of Cu added at 50mg · kg‐1 were marginal. Copper had no effect on the oxidative stability of meat, measured as thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances in meat stored at 4°C for 0, 3 and 8 days. Vitamin E added in excess of nutritional requirement improved the oxidative stability of meat. In copper‐fed rabbits, Cu accumulated in the liver, but not in muscles. Feeding of the basal feed for 7 days to rabbits previously fed copper sulphate decreased the hepatic Cu concentration by 14.0 to 24.4%","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76769328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Effects of mould and toxin contaminated barley on laying hens performance and health 霉菌和毒素污染大麦对蛋鸡生产性能和健康的影响

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386180

Dalia Garaleviciene, H. Pettersson, Giedre Augonyte, K. Elwinger, J. Lindberg

{"title":"Effects of mould and toxin contaminated barley on laying hens performance and health","authors":"Dalia Garaleviciene, H. Pettersson, Giedre Augonyte, K. Elwinger, J. Lindberg","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386180","url":null,"abstract":"Moulded and mycotoxin containing barley was incorporated into the diets for laying hens to study the effects on performance and health. Health indicators were different blood plasma parameters and liver vitamin A and E levels. A total of 30 hens were fed 3 diets, one supplemented with 30% of toxin‐free and two with differently moulded barley from 1997 and 1998 for 7 weeks. The moulded diets contained low to moderate concentrations of ochratoxin A, zearajenone, deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. Inclusion of mouldy barley in the diets had an adverse effect on feed intake, feed conversion, digestibility of nutrients, egg production and egg quality. Plasma alkaline phosphatase was increased and certain biochemical blood parameters (bilirubin, uric acid, chlorine, protein, albumin, vitamin A) were also higher or changed compared to control. The ochratoxin A contamination although relatively low could have contributed to some of these effects as well as reduced intake of feed. The higher mould contamination and an unidentified cell‐toxic constituent in the diet containing barley from 1998 can probably also explain the more marked effects from this diet.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74421019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The concentration of plasma triacylglycerols in horses fed diets containing either medium chain triacylglycerols or an isoenergetic amount of starch or cellulose 饲粮中含有中链三酰甘油或等量淀粉或纤维素的马血浆三酰甘油浓度

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386188

J. M. Hallebeek, A. Beynen

{"title":"The concentration of plasma triacylglycerols in horses fed diets containing either medium chain triacylglycerols or an isoenergetic amount of starch or cellulose","authors":"J. M. Hallebeek, A. Beynen","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386188","url":null,"abstract":"In a Latin square design, six horses were fed hay and concentrates with isoenergetic amounts of either starch, cellulose or medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT). The dietary variables provided on average 22% of total dietary net energy. Plasma triacylglycerols and other variables of lipid metabolism were determined. The experimental periods lasted 21 days. Blood samples were taken just before the morning meal and three and six hours later. The diet rich in MCT significantly raised the plasma level of triacylglycerols when compared to either the starch‐ or cellulose‐rich diet. The plasma concentrations of 3‐hydroxybutyrate, total cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly higher when the horses were fed the ration with MCT instead of either cellulose or starch. Postprandial.insulin concentrations were lowest for the MCT diet, and concentrations of free fatty acids were highest Lipoprotein lipase activity was not significantly different for the three diets. Our study does not support the idea that cellulose feeding generates sufficient acetic acid in the caecum and colon, so that it would enhance the provision of cytosolic acetyl‐CoA which in turn would stimulate hepatic fatty acid synthesis and then raise plasma triacylglycerols.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91135602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2