Archiv für Tierernaehrung最新文献

Butyric acid stimulates rumen mucosa development in the calf mainly by a reduction of apoptosis 丁酸刺激犊牛瘤胃黏膜发育的主要途径是减少细胞凋亡

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386185

J. Mentschel, R. Leiser, C. Mülling, C. Pfarrer, R. Claus

{"title":"Butyric acid stimulates rumen mucosa development in the calf mainly by a reduction of apoptosis","authors":"J. Mentschel, R. Leiser, C. Mülling, C. Pfarrer, R. Claus","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386185","url":null,"abstract":"In ruminants the Stimulation of papillar growth by butyric acid is well described but effects on mitosis and apoptosis are not known. To clarify the effect of short chain fatty acids three groups of three calves received a basic ration of 100 g hay per day for 6 weeks and additionally milk replacer. From these, two groups were fed with increasing amounts of the salts of either propionic acid (53 to 390 g) or butyric acid up to (54 to 326 g). The control group instead received an additional isocaloric amount of milk replacer. Mitosis was characterized by Ki67 immunoreactivity, apoptosis by a modified TUNEL assay and by electron microscopy. The feeding regimes led to significant differences of papillar length, increasing from 1.0mm (controls) to 2.2 mm (propionic acid) and 4 mm (butyric acid). This enlargement was partly explained by an increased mitotic rate for the two fatty acid groups. The difference between the fatty acid groups was mainly explained by different apoptotic rates which were only one third for butyric acid compared to propionic acid (P < 0.001). In conclusion, butyric acid is a specific inhibitor of ruminal apoptosis in vivo.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":"1 1","pages":"102 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90735420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 189

Response of animals to dietary gramine. I. performance and selected hematological, biochemical and histological parameters in growing chicken, rats and pigs 动物对饲粮谷氨酰胺的反应。1 .生长鸡、大鼠和猪的性能及选择的血液学、生化和组织学参数

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386178

B. Pastuszewska, S. Smulikowska, J. Wasilewko, L. Buraczewska, A. Ochtabińska, A. Mieczkowska, R. Lechowski, W. Bielecki

{"title":"Response of animals to dietary gramine. I. performance and selected hematological, biochemical and histological parameters in growing chicken, rats and pigs","authors":"B. Pastuszewska, S. Smulikowska, J. Wasilewko, L. Buraczewska, A. Ochtabińska, A. Mieczkowska, R. Lechowski, W. Bielecki","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386178","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of feeding varied levels of low‐ and high‐gramine yellow lupin seeds (LG and HG, respectively), and of synthetic gramine added to the diets in amounts ranging from 0.15 to 1.2 g per kg were investigated in one experiment on growing chicken and in two experiments on growing rats. The comparison of LG and HG lupin and the effect of 0.5 g gramine per kg of LG diet were determined in a growth‐balance experiment with pigs. Organ weights and histology, blood parameters and activity of liver enzymes were determined. The response to HG lupin and gramine concentration varied among the species, the rats being more affected than chicken; no adverse effects of HG lupin or gramine were found in growing pigs. The common reaction of rats and chicken to the high levels of gramine (native or synthetic) was the decrease of feed intake and body gain. The increase of the relative weight of liver or kidney, changes in hematological parameters and liver enzymes were found only in rats. The estimated NOAEL (no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level) of gramine was about 0.3g/kg diet for rats, 0.65 g for chicken and at least 0.5 g for growing pigs.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75570239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Effect of lactobacillus supplementation on growth and nutrient utilization in Mongrel pups 添加乳酸菌对杂种幼犬生长和养分利用的影响

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386195

K. Pasupathy, A. Sahoo, N. N. Pathak

{"title":"Effect of lactobacillus supplementation on growth and nutrient utilization in Mongrel pups","authors":"K. Pasupathy, A. Sahoo, N. N. Pathak","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386195","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of lactobacillus supplementation was studied in eight Mongrel pups of about 10 weeks of age with a mean body weight of 5.2 kg divided into two equal groups, control (group C) and a probiotic supplemented group (group L). Both groups received the same feed (biscuit) which was for group L supplemented with 2 × 107 cfu of a Lactobacillus acidophilus strain. The feeding trial lasted 13 weeks and included a digestibility trial of six days during which feed and faeces were collected to assess intake and digestibility of nutrients. Growth was recorded as weekly live weight change and the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of stool were examined periodically to assess the effect of lactobacillus on intestinal health. The biscuits contained 89% DM, 32.6% CP, 5.8% ash and 12.7% EE with TDN, GE and ME content of 890 g, 19.6 MJ and 14.6 MJ per kg DM, respectively. The DM, OM, CP and GE digestibilities were between 76% to 79% and the EE digestibility was 93%. The CF digestibility was negligible (22%). There were no significant differences between the two groups. There was an appetite stimulation and a relatively higher DM intake (10 to 15%) which induced higher daily gain, 102 g in group L vs. 92 g in group C up to 19 weeks of age, the difference declined thereafter. The average daily gain during the whole period was 74.5 ±8.0 g and 81.6 ±6.0 g in group C and L, respectively, and the difference was statistically non‐significant (P>0.05). The stools showed similar physical properties and composition with acidic pH in both groups. Lactobacillus supplementation caused a competitive establishment in the gastrointestinal tract of pups. It can be concluded that lactobacillus supplementation shows a positive effect during active growth phase (up to 4.5 months of age), which became insignificant in the later period of life.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":"21 1","pages":"243 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84659232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

The concentration of plasma triacylglycerols in horses fed diets containing either medium chain triacylglycerols or an isoenergetic amount of starch or cellulose 饲粮中含有中链三酰甘油或等量淀粉或纤维素的马血浆三酰甘油浓度

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386188

J. M. Hallebeek, A. Beynen

{"title":"The concentration of plasma triacylglycerols in horses fed diets containing either medium chain triacylglycerols or an isoenergetic amount of starch or cellulose","authors":"J. M. Hallebeek, A. Beynen","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386188","url":null,"abstract":"In a Latin square design, six horses were fed hay and concentrates with isoenergetic amounts of either starch, cellulose or medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT). The dietary variables provided on average 22% of total dietary net energy. Plasma triacylglycerols and other variables of lipid metabolism were determined. The experimental periods lasted 21 days. Blood samples were taken just before the morning meal and three and six hours later. The diet rich in MCT significantly raised the plasma level of triacylglycerols when compared to either the starch‐ or cellulose‐rich diet. The plasma concentrations of 3‐hydroxybutyrate, total cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly higher when the horses were fed the ration with MCT instead of either cellulose or starch. Postprandial.insulin concentrations were lowest for the MCT diet, and concentrations of free fatty acids were highest Lipoprotein lipase activity was not significantly different for the three diets. Our study does not support the idea that cellulose feeding generates sufficient acetic acid in the caecum and colon, so that it would enhance the provision of cytosolic acetyl‐CoA which in turn would stimulate hepatic fatty acid synthesis and then raise plasma triacylglycerols.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":"1 1","pages":"147 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91135602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Influence of high vitamin E dosages on retinol and carotinoid concentration in body tissues and eggs of laying hens 高剂量维生素E对蛋鸡身体组织和鸡蛋中视黄醇和类胡萝卜素浓度的影响

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386181

A. Sünder, G. Flachowsky

{"title":"Influence of high vitamin E dosages on retinol and carotinoid concentration in body tissues and eggs of laying hens","authors":"A. Sünder, G. Flachowsky","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386181","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to contribute to the discussion of overdosing vitamin E in laying hens. A total of 45 laying hens, divided into 5 groups were fed diets supplemented with either 0; 100; 1000; 10 000 or 20 000 mg dl‐α‐tocopheryl acetate/kg diet over a period of 10 weeks. Concentrations of vitamins A and E were measured in plasma, various tissues and egg yolk. Furthermore egg yolk colour and some carotinoids were measured in egg yolks. None of the vitamin E doses significantly influenced performance of the hens. As expected, vitamin E concentration in plasma, all tissue samples and egg yolk was significantly increased with increasing tocopherol content in the diet. The egg yolk showed the highest vitamin E concentration, followed by liver and muscles. Feeding 1000 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate per kg diet resulted in an increase of vitamin A concentration in the liver. Very high doses (10 000 and 20 000 mg/kg diet) significantly decreased retinol concentration in the liver and egg yolk, as well as carotinoid concentration in the egg yolk. The lower carotinoid concentration in egg yolk resulted in a decreased intensity of egg yolk colour. A prooxidative and/or competitive effect of very high doses of vitamin E with other fat soluble substances has been discussed.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":"33 1","pages":"43 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81569029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Energy metabolism of cocks and broiler chickens fed on diets with different carbohydrate sources 不同碳水化合物饲粮对公鸡和肉鸡能量代谢的影响

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386193

M. Klein, Marlies Neubert, L. Hoffmann, W. Jentsch, M. Beyer, H. Scholze, S. Kuhla

{"title":"Energy metabolism of cocks and broiler chickens fed on diets with different carbohydrate sources","authors":"M. Klein, Marlies Neubert, L. Hoffmann, W. Jentsch, M. Beyer, H. Scholze, S. Kuhla","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386193","url":null,"abstract":"Energy balances of cocks and chickens were measured using the nitrogen‐carbon‐balance method. In Experiment 1 twelve adult White Leghorn cocks were fed alternately on a basal ration or on a supplemental ration composed of 75% basal diet and 25% carbohydrate source as a supplement. In Experiment 2 six groups of 12 male broiler chickens were fed successively on two diets each with different carbohydrate sources (40% of DM) and on two energy levels. The investigated carbohydrate sources were glucose, fructose, sucrose, maize starch, raw and steamed potato starch, dried sugar beet pulp, tapioka, wheat, maize, rye and barley. In both experiments the energy digestibility of the diets with raw potato starch, beet pulp and barley was significantly lower compared to the other diets. Digestibility of those ranged from 88 to 81%. By simple linear regression no significant differences in efficiency of utilisation of ME of the diets between the carbohydrate sources sugars, starches and cereal grains could be proved. The corresponding MEm values agreed very close among the diets (411 to 429 kJ·kg BW‐0.75·d‐1).","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":"85 1","pages":"207 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78161244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Research note: A method for studying local differences in ruminal fermentation in dairy cattle 研究说明:一种研究奶牛瘤胃发酵局部差异的方法

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109381990

M. Tafaj, A. Maulbetsch, B. Junck, H. Steingass, W. Drochner

引用次数: 10

Response of animals to dietary gramine. II. effects of feeding high‐gramine yellow lupin seeds on reproductive performance of rats and on selected hematological and biochemical parameters in offspring 动物对饲粮谷氨酰胺的反应。2饲喂高谷草胺黄苹种子对大鼠生殖性能和后代血液生化指标的影响

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386179

B. Pastuszewska, Anna Ochtabińska, R. Lechowski

{"title":"Response of animals to dietary gramine. II. effects of feeding high‐gramine yellow lupin seeds on reproductive performance of rats and on selected hematological and biochemical parameters in offspring","authors":"B. Pastuszewska, Anna Ochtabińska, R. Lechowski","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386179","url":null,"abstract":"Two groups of 26 male and 26 female rats at the initial age 30 ± 2 days were fed during 31 weeks on diets containing 20 percent of yellow lupin seeds having low (LG) or high (HG) gramine content. The animals were mated twice within nutritional groups, 1 male: 1 female, and their main reproductive parameters were recorded. In both reproductive cycles body weight of females at mating, after parturition and after 21‐days lactation was lower in HG than in LG group. Fertility rate and body weight of neonates were not affected by the diet while number of neonates per litter tended to be lower by 0.7 and 0.8 pups in HG than in LG group. Body weight of weaners was also substantially smaller in dams fed on HG than LG diet. Relative weight of spleen but not of liver, kidney and heart was significantly greater in HG females. Four weeks old males and females issued from the first litters born to LG and HG animals (ten males and ten females per treatment) were fed individually on respective diets during 3 weeks. Feed intake and growth rate did not differ between the treatments. In males relative weight of liver and testicles was greater, while hematocrit and red blood count were lower in HG than in LG group. In females organ weights did not differ. Activity of liver enzymes determined in males was not affected by the diet. It may be concluded that high‐gramine lupin affects negatively lactational performance, probably via lower feed intake, but it does not induce apparent teratogenic effects in the progeny.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":"25 1","pages":"17 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87318440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Impact of diets varying in dietary fibre characteristics on gastric emptying in pregnant sows 不同膳食纤维特征的饲粮对妊娠母猪胃排空的影响

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386187

Nuria Miquel, K. Knudsen, H. Jørgensen

{"title":"Impact of diets varying in dietary fibre characteristics on gastric emptying in pregnant sows","authors":"Nuria Miquel, K. Knudsen, H. Jørgensen","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386187","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of feeding two fibre‐rich diets with contrasting solubility and a concentrated low dietary fibre on the rate of gastric emptying were examined in six gastric cannulated pregnant sows. Additionally, it was examined whether any effect could be related to the physico‐chemical properties of digesta, i.e. viscosity and/or water binding capacity. The sows were fed each diet for one week in a 3 x 3 Latin Square design and the samples were taken in a randomised order 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 15.5 h after the morning meal. The stomach contents were evacuated through the gastric cannula once daily. The evacuated gastric digesta was quantified and a representative sample was taken to determine its viscosity, water binding capacity and its content of dry matter, dietary components and solid (Cr2O3) and liquid (polyethylene glycol) phase markers. The flow of liquid digesta was calculated as the difference between digesta and dry matter. Increasing the content of dietary fibre in the diet led to higher recovery of liquid digesta but did not have any significant effect on the gastric emptying of dry matter and dietary components. The effect of dietary fibre could not be attributed to the viscosity of the liquid phase of digesta but might be related to the ability of the increased gastric dietary fibre content to hold water. The stomach selectively retained the insoluble dietary fibre components most noticeably seen with the bran‐supplemented diet where the concentration of insoluble NSP in digesta increased significantly from 2 hours and onward.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":"17 1","pages":"121 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85414632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Effect of harvest date and variety on ruminal degradability of ensiled maize grains in dairy cows 收获日期和品种对青贮玉米籽粒奶牛瘤胃降解率的影响

Archiv für Tierernaehrung Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109386183

T. Ettle, P. Lebzien, G. Flachowsky, F. Schwarz

{"title":"Effect of harvest date and variety on ruminal degradability of ensiled maize grains in dairy cows","authors":"T. Ettle, P. Lebzien, G. Flachowsky, F. Schwarz","doi":"10.1080/17450390109386183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390109386183","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we investigated the influence of harvest date and genotype on the ruminai degradability of the organic matter of ensiled maize grains. Grains of the varieties Avenir, Byzance, CGS 5104 and CGS 5107 from six different harvest dates were available; they are classified as intermediate types between flint and dent com. The six harvest dates, during which time the dry matter content of the ensiled grains rose from 52% to 66%, extended from 1st September to 19th October. Assuming a passage rate of k=0.08, the effective ruminai degradability declined in this period on average from 93% to just under 79%; variety‐specific deviations also increased markedly during this period. The dry matter content (x, DM in %) of the ensiled grains had a profound influence on ruminai degradation: a highly significant curvilinear decline in ruminai degradability (y) was calculated at increasing DM levels (k = 0.08), which can be described by the equation y = −0.072x2 (±0.010)+7.417x(±1.186)−98.71(±34.58)(B=0.96;sy,x[%]=1.36). The ruminai degradability of ensiled maize grains is about 5–10% higher than that of fresh maize grains.","PeriodicalId":8141,"journal":{"name":"Archiv für Tierernaehrung","volume":"84 1","pages":"69 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90155971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11