Zhendong Mi, Xuhan Wang, Liying Ma, Honglin Liu, Yidan Zhang, Ziji Ding, Ling Wang, Mengzi Sun, Bo Li
{"title":"The dietary inflammatory index is positively associated with insulin resistance in underweight and healthy weight adults.","authors":"Zhendong Mi, Xuhan Wang, Liying Ma, Honglin Liu, Yidan Zhang, Ziji Ding, Ling Wang, Mengzi Sun, Bo Li","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0475","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and insulin resistance (IR) in underweight and healthy weight adults. This cross-sectional study involved 3205 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. All dietary data used to calculate the DII were obtained based on the average of two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Participants were divided into an anti-inflammatory diet group and a pro-inflammatory diet group based on DII < 0 and DII ≥ 0, respectively. Fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin data used to calculate IR index (HOMA-IR) were from laboratory data in the NHANES database. According to the linear regression analysis results of DII and HOMA-IR, we found that there was a positive relationship between DII and IR. A positive association between DII and HOMA-IR was seen in the following groups after stratification: by age in 20-39-year olds, by sex in males, by race in Non-Hispanic Whites, by family history of diabetes in those without a family history of diabetes, by education level in those with high school education, by smoking status in current smokers and non-smokers, by hypertension in those with hypertension, by BMI in those with a BMI of 18.5-24.99, by hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in those without HTG, by poverty impact ratio (PIR) in those with PIR ≤ 1.3 and >1.3, and by physical activity in those with moderate recreational activities. In conclusion, in underweight and healthy weight adults, DII was positively correlated with the risk of IR.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10479868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joshua E McGee, Kate S Early, Anna C Huff, Marie C Clunan, Nicole R Hursey, Briceida Osborne, Colleen Bucher, Charles Tanner, Savanna B Brewer, Patricia M Brophy, Angela Clark, Walter J Pories, Laura E Matarese, Joseph A Houmard, David Collier, Linda E May, Joseph M McClung, Conrad P Earnest, Damon L Swift
{"title":"Effects of weight loss and weight loss maintenance on cardiac autonomic function in obesity: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Joshua E McGee, Kate S Early, Anna C Huff, Marie C Clunan, Nicole R Hursey, Briceida Osborne, Colleen Bucher, Charles Tanner, Savanna B Brewer, Patricia M Brophy, Angela Clark, Walter J Pories, Laura E Matarese, Joseph A Houmard, David Collier, Linda E May, Joseph M McClung, Conrad P Earnest, Damon L Swift","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Novelty: </strong>Caloric restriction and exercise exert significant improvements in cardiac autonomic function as measured by HRV in overweight and obesity. Aerobic exercise training, within recommended guidelines coupled with weight loss maintenance, retains cardiac autonomic function benefits from weight loss in previously obese individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10496164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aristides Myrkos, Ilias Smilios, Andreas Zafeiridis, Maria-Eleni Kokkinou, Apostolos Tzoumanis, Helen Douda
{"title":"Correction: Aerobic adaptations following two iso-effort training programs: an intense continuous and a high-intensity interval.","authors":"Aristides Myrkos, Ilias Smilios, Andreas Zafeiridis, Maria-Eleni Kokkinou, Apostolos Tzoumanis, Helen Douda","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2023-0254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10480306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossein Rafiei, Kosar Omidian, Courtney Rochelle Chang, Jonathan Peter Little
{"title":"Saliva insulin tracks plasma insulin across the day following high-carbohydrate and low-carbohydrate meals.","authors":"Hossein Rafiei, Kosar Omidian, Courtney Rochelle Chang, Jonathan Peter Little","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2023-0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive monitoring of insulin could hold promise to identify those with, or at risk for developing, insulin resistance. We aimed to examine saliva insulin responses across the day following high- and low-carbohydrate meals and evaluate whether changes in saliva insulin might accurately reflect changes in plasma insulin. In two randomized crossover studies, young normal weight men (NW; <i>n</i> = 8; Study 1) and adults with overweight/obesity (OO; <i>n</i> = 8; Study 2) completed two 9-h experimental trials in which the participants consumed isocaloric mixed high-carbohydrate (HC) or low-carbohydrate (LC) meals at 0, 3, and 6 h. Plasma and saliva samples were collected at fasted baseline and every 30 min for a total of 19 samples across 9 h. Overall, findings revealed a similar trend for postprandial saliva and plasma insulin responses regardless of the time of the day with a ∼30-45 min lag between saliva and plasma insulin responses. In both NW and OO groups, saliva and plasma insulin area under the curve (AUC) and incremental AUC were significantly higher in HC condition as compared to LC condition (all <i>P</i> ≤ 0.002). Nine-hour plasma and saliva insulin total AUCs were strongly and very strongly correlated in both HC (<i>r</i> = 0.68; <i>P</i> = 0.007) and LC (<i>r</i> = 0.84, <i>P</i> < 0.001) conditions, respectively. Saliva insulin is proportionate to and appears to reasonably track plasma insulin across the day with a ∼30-45 min delay. Saliva insulin shows promise as a non-invasive method to discern between low and high plasma insulin and may have utility in predicting the degree of insulin resistance (NCT03374436).</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10496175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin Bourrie, Andrew Forgie, Alexander Makarowski, Paul Cotter, Caroline Richard, Benjamin Willing
{"title":"Consumption of kefir made with traditional microorganisms resulted in greater improvements in LDL cholesterol and plasma markers of inflammation in males when compared to a commercial kefir: a randomized pilot study.","authors":"Benjamin Bourrie, Andrew Forgie, Alexander Makarowski, Paul Cotter, Caroline Richard, Benjamin Willing","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2022-0463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kefir has long been associated with health benefits; however, recent evidence suggests that these benefits are dependent on the specific microbial composition of the kefir consumed. This study aimed to compare how consumption of a commercial kefir without traditional kefir organisms and a pitched kefir containing traditional organisms affected plasma lipid levels, glucose homeostasis, and markers of endothelial function and inflammation in males with elevated LDL cholesterol. We utilized a crossover design in <i>n</i> = 21 participants consisting of two treatments of 4 weeks each in random order separated by a 4-week washout. Participants received either commercial kefir or pitched kefir containing traditional kefir organisms for each treatment period. Participants consumed 2 servings of kefir (350 g) per day. Plasma lipid profile, glucose, insulin, markers of endothelial function, and inflammation were measured in the fasting state before and after each treatment period. Differences within each treatment period and comparison of treatment delta values were performed using paired <i>t</i> tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, respectively. When compared to baseline, pitched kefir consumption reduced LDL-C, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, while commercial kefir consumption increased TNF-α. Pitched kefir consumption resulted in greater reductions in IL-8, CRP, VCAM-1, and TNF-α when compared to commercial kefir consumption. These findings provide strong evidence that microbial composition is an important factor in the metabolic health benefits associated with kefir consumption. They also provide support for larger studies examining these to assess whether traditional kefir organisms are necessary to confer health benefits to individuals at risk of developing cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10515199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Sibley, Maggie Chen, Malcolm A West, Andrew G Matthew, Daniel Santa Mina, Ian Randall
{"title":"Potential mechanisms of multimodal prehabilitation effects on surgical complications: a narrative review.","authors":"Daniel Sibley, Maggie Chen, Malcolm A West, Andrew G Matthew, Daniel Santa Mina, Ian Randall","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2022-0272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous advances in prehabilitation research over the past several decades have clarified its role in improving preoperative risk factors, yet the evidence demonstrating reduced surgical complications remains uncertain. Describing the potential mechanisms underlying prehabilitation and surgical complications represents an important opportunity to establish biological plausibility, develop targeted therapies, generate hypotheses for future research, and contribute to the rationale for implementation into the standard of care. In this narrative review, we discuss and synthesize the current evidence base for the biological plausibility of multimodal prehabilitation to reduce surgical complications. The goal of this review is to improve prehabilitation interventions and measurement by outlining biologically plausible mechanisms of benefit and generating hypotheses for future research. This is accomplished by synthesizing the available evidence for the mechanistic benefit of exercise, nutrition, and psychological interventions for reducing the incidence and severity of surgical complications reported by the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP). This review was conducted and reported in accordance with a quality assessment scale for narrative reviews. Findings indicate that prehabilitation has biological plausibility to reduce all complications outlined by NSQIP. Mechanisms for prehabilitation to reduce surgical complications include anti-inflammation, enhanced innate immunity, and attenuation of sympathovagal imbalance. Mechanisms vary depending on the intervention protocol and baseline characteristics of the sample. This review highlights the need for more research in this space while proposing potential mechanisms to be included in future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10141690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leah Gramlich, Diana Cardenas, Isabel Correia, Heather H Keller, Carlota Basualdo-Hammond, Judy Bauer, Gordon Jensen, Roseann Nasser, Valerie Tarasuk, Jennifer Reynolds
{"title":"<i>Canadian Nutrition Society</i> Dialogue on disease-related malnutrition: a commentary from the 2022 Food For Health Workshop.","authors":"Leah Gramlich, Diana Cardenas, Isabel Correia, Heather H Keller, Carlota Basualdo-Hammond, Judy Bauer, Gordon Jensen, Roseann Nasser, Valerie Tarasuk, Jennifer Reynolds","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2022-0417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary represents a dialogue on key aspects of disease-related malnutrition (DRM) from leaders and experts from academia, health across disciplines, and several countries across the world. The dialogue illuminates the problem of DRM, what impact it has on outcomes, nutrition care as a human right, and practice, implementation, and policy approaches to address DRM. The dialogue allowed the germination of an idea to register a commitment through the Canadian Nutrition Society and the Canadian Malnutrition Task Force in the UN/WHO Decade of Action on Nutrition to advance policy-based approaches for DRM. This commitment was successfully registered in October 2022 and is entitled CAN DReaM (Creating Alliances Nationally for Policy in Disease-Related Malnutrition). This commitment details five goals that will be pursued in the Decade of Action on Nutrition. The intent of this commentary is to record the proceedings of the workshop as a stepping stone to establishing a policy-based approach to DRM that is relevant in Canada and abroad.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10496167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joy Miranda Hutchinson, Tabitha E Williams, Ailish M Westaway, Alexandra Bédard, Camille Pitre, Simone Lemieux, Kevin W Dodd, Benoît Lamarche, Patricia M Guenther, Jess Haines, Angela Wallace, Alicia Martin, Maria-Laura Louzada, Mahsa Jessri, Dana Lee Olstad, Rachel Prowse, Janis A Randall Simpson, Jennifer E Vena, Sharon I Kirkpatrick
{"title":"Development of the Canadian Food Intake Screener to assess alignment of adults' dietary intake with the 2019 Canada's Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations.","authors":"Joy Miranda Hutchinson, Tabitha E Williams, Ailish M Westaway, Alexandra Bédard, Camille Pitre, Simone Lemieux, Kevin W Dodd, Benoît Lamarche, Patricia M Guenther, Jess Haines, Angela Wallace, Alicia Martin, Maria-Laura Louzada, Mahsa Jessri, Dana Lee Olstad, Rachel Prowse, Janis A Randall Simpson, Jennifer E Vena, Sharon I Kirkpatrick","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Novelty: </strong>The Canadian Food Intake Screener was developed to rapidly assess alignment of adults' dietary intake over the past month with the Food Guide's healthy food choices recommendations. The screener was developed and evaluated through an iterative process that included three rounds of cognitive interviews in each of English and French, along with ongoing feedback from external advisors and face and content validity testing with a separate panel of content experts. The 16-question screener is intended for use with adults, aged 18-65 years, with marginal and higher health literacy in research and surveillance contexts in which comprehensive dietary assessment is not possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9891359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aristides Myrkos, Ilias Smilios, Andreas Zafeiridis, Eleni-Maria Kokkinou, Apostolos Tzoumanis, Helen Douda
{"title":"Aerobic adaptations following two iso-effort training programs: an intense continuous and a high-intensity interval.","authors":"Aristides Myrkos, Ilias Smilios, Andreas Zafeiridis, Eleni-Maria Kokkinou, Apostolos Tzoumanis, Helen Douda","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0309","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intensity of the training stimulus and the effort exerted (regarded as an index of internal load) to complete an exercise session are driving forces for physiological processes and long-term training adaptations. This study compared the aerobic adaptations following two iso-effort, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)-based training programs, an intense continuous (CON) and a high-intensity interval (INT). Young adults were assigned to a CON (<i>n</i> = 11) or an INT (<i>n</i> = 13) training group to perform 14 training sessions within 6 weeks. The INT group performed running bouts (9.3 ± 4.4 repetitions) at 90% of peak treadmill velocity (PTV) with bout duration equal to 1/4 of time to exhaustion at this speed (134.2 ± 27.9 s). The CONT group ran (1185.0 ± 487.6 s) at a speed corresponding to -2.5% of critical velocity (CV; 80.1% ± 3.0% of PTV). Training-sessions were executed until RPE attained 17 on the Borg scale. VO<sub>2</sub>max, PTV, CV, lactate threshold velocity (vLT), and running economy were assessed pre-, mid-, and post-training. Both CONT and INT methods increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) VO<sub>2</sub>max (INT: 57.7 ± 8.1-61.41 ± 9.2; CONT: 58.1 ± 7.5-61.1 ± 6.3 mL kg<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>), PTV (INT: 14.6 ± 1.8-15.7 ± 2.1; CONT: 15.0 ± 1.7-15.7 ± 1.8 km h<sup>-1</sup>), CV (INT: 11.8 ± 1.4-12.8 ± 1.8; CONT: 12.2 ± 1.6-12.9 ± 1.7 km h<sup>-1</sup>), and vLT (INT: 9.77 ± 1.1-10.8 ± 1.4; CONT: 10.4 ± 1.4-11.0 ± 1.8 km h<sup>-1</sup>) with no differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) between them; running economy remained unchanged. The continuous training method, when matched for effort and executed at relatively high intensity at the upper boundaries of the heavy-intensity domain (∼80% of PTV), confers comparable aerobic adaptations to those attained after a high-intensity interval protocol following a short-term training period.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10127157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joy M Hutchinson, Kevin W Dodd, Patricia M Guenther, Benoit Lamarche, Jess Haines, Angela Wallace, Maude Perreault, Tabitha E Williams, Maria Laura da Costa Louzada, Mahsa Jessri, Simone Lemieux, Dana Lee Olstad, Rachel Prowse, Janis Randall Simpson, Jennifer E Vena, Kathleen Szajbely, Sharon I Kirkpatrick
{"title":"The Canadian Food Intake Screener for assessing alignment of adults' dietary intake with the 2019 Canada's Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations: scoring system and construct validity.","authors":"Joy M Hutchinson, Kevin W Dodd, Patricia M Guenther, Benoit Lamarche, Jess Haines, Angela Wallace, Maude Perreault, Tabitha E Williams, Maria Laura da Costa Louzada, Mahsa Jessri, Simone Lemieux, Dana Lee Olstad, Rachel Prowse, Janis Randall Simpson, Jennifer E Vena, Kathleen Szajbely, Sharon I Kirkpatrick","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Novelty: </strong>The Canadian Food Intake Screener was developed to rapidly assess alignment of dietary intake with the Canada's Food Guide-2019 healthy food choices recommendations. Scoring is aligned with the Healthy Eating Food Index-2019 to the extent possible. Among a sample of adults, reasonable variation in screener scores was noted, mean screener scores differed between some subgroups with known differences in diet quality, and a moderate correlation between screener scores and total Healthy Eating Food Index-2019 scores based on repeat 24 h dietary recalls was observed. The Canadian Food Intake Screener has moderate construct validity for rapid assessment of overall alignment of adults' dietary intake with the Canada's Food Guide-2019 healthy food choices recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10258772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}