Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Wet Military Uniforms Pose Low Risk of Hypothermia while Static in Mild Cold Air.","authors":"Afton D Seeley,Phillip O Bodurtha,Andrew Martin Greenfield,Dina M Pitsas,MariaLena A Shaw,Aaron R Caldwell,Billie K Alba,John W Castellani,Catherine O'Brien","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0180","url":null,"abstract":"Wet clothing is less insulative than dry clothing and increases heat loss in cold air. Tactical necessity can render removal of wet clothing impossible and/or require Warfighters to remain static to avoid detection, limiting heat production and posing a threat of hypothermia (core temperature <35°C). This study aimed to characterize body temperatures and evaluate hypothermia risk while statically exposed to 5°C air wearing three wet military uniforms. Further, low-speed loaded walking was evaluated as a strategy to raise end-static temperatures. Twelve adults (11M, 1F) randomly completed three wet-cold trials wearing either the Improved Hot Weather Combat Uniform (IHWCU), Army Combat Uniform (ACU), or ACU with silk-weight base layer (ACU+). Each trial involved 180 minutes of cold air (5.3±0.3°C, 0.8 m·s-1) exposure after a clothed 2-minute head-out immersion (34.0 ± 0.2°C). Volunteers were static for 60 minutes followed by 120 minutes of loaded walking. Rectal temperature (Tre) area under the curve did not differ among the three wet uniforms when static (p=0.431) with Tre increasing, rather than decreasing, across the 60 minutes (IHWCU: +0.26±0.19°C, ACU: +0.37±0.21°C, ACU+: +0.36±0.20°C). Hypothermia risk with 60-minute static wet-cold exposure therefore appears minimal, regardless of the military uniform worn. End-static finger temperatures (IHWCU: 9.48±2.30°C, ACU: 9.99±1.82°C, ACU+: 9.27±1.66°C, p >0.999) were reduced by ~20-23°C posing a considerable dexterity concern. Heat production of ~210 W·m2 appeared sufficient to begin to reverse negative cumulative heat storage and initiate slight elevation of rectal and peripheral temperatures, although finger temperatures increased < 2°C after 120 minutes. ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT05409937.","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation practices among pregnant women and those trying to conceive: a population-representative survey in Vancouver, Canada","authors":"Kelsey M. Cochrane, Jennifer A. Hutcheon, Crystal D. Karakochuk","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0124","url":null,"abstract":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. <br/> Dietary supplements including vitamins, minerals, and natural health products are commonly consumed by those aiming to optimize fertility and pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this survey was to describe supplementation practices among individuals who were pregnant or trying to conceive in Vancouver, Canada. An online survey was conducted among 500 individuals who were pregnant (n = 250) or trying to conceive (n = 250). Participants met a substantial proportion of vitamin and mineral recommendations through supplements alone. Exceptions included calcium, magnesium, and choline, with median (interquartile range (IQR)) supplementation doses reported by those who were pregnant and trying to conceive, respectively, of: 250 (200 and 250 mg) and 250 (200 and 250 mg), 50 (50 and 75 mg) and 50 (50 and 90 mg), and 53 (10 and 150 mg) and 55 (10 and 100 mg), as compared to perinatal recommendations of 1000 mg/day (calcium), 350 mg/day (magnesium), and 450 mg/day (choline). Conversely, median (IQR) doses of folate reported by those who were pregnant and trying to conceive, respectively, were: 1000 (780 and 1000 µg) and 1000 (800 and 1000 µg), with ∼70% overall (337/471) reporting doses ≥1000 µg (the tolerable upper intake level). Most participants (451/500; 90%) reported supplementation with a prenatal multivitamin; of these, 83% reported that supplementation occurred daily. Overall, as diet was not considered, we cannot ascertain whether recommendations for calcium, magnesium, and choline were met through the combination of supplements and foods; however, we believe that additional supplementation with choline may be required to meet recommendations in pregnancy. Excessive folate supplementation has been previously identified as a concern throughout North America; here, we provide further evidence for excessively high doses consumed via supplements.","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory investigation of heart rate and heart rate variability responses to daylong heat exposure in young and older adults.","authors":"Andres E Carrillo,Robert D Meade,Christophe Herry,Andrew Seely,Glen P Kenny","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0191","url":null,"abstract":"Heart rate variability (HRV) has shown potential as a tool for monitoring thermal strain, but there is limited data to support its efficacy in older adults during prolonged heat exposures. We compared HRV between young (19-31 years, n=20) and older (61-78 years, n=39) adults during 9 hours of heat exposure (40°C, 9% RH). We also explored whether heart rate (HR) and/or HRV could be used to distinguish older adults who achieved elevated thermal strain, defined as either 1) an increase in core temperature >1.0°C (occurring in 39% [15/39]) or 2) a reduction in systolic blood pressure >10 mm Hg (occurring in 67% [26/39]). Percentage of age-predicted maximal HR and percentage of heart rate reserve (HRR) were higher, whereas standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean of squared differences between successive RR intervals (RMSSD), high frequency power (HF), and cardiac vagal index (CVI) were lower in older compared to young adults (P≤0.004) during heat exposure. In older adults, increases in core temperature were correlated with percentage of age-predicted maximal HR, percentage of HRR, RMSSD, and CVI (P≤0.031), whereas changes in systolic blood pressure were not significantly associated with HR or HRV indices (P≤0.327). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that HR and HRV indices had generally poor ability to identify older adults with elevated thermal strain (area under the curve ≤0.65). Age-related differences in HRV, consistent with vagal withdrawal among older adults, remained during daylong heat exposure, but marked heterogeneity of response likely contributed to HRV providing limited discriminatory value in identifying changes in core temperature or blood pressure in older adults.","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Adiposity, Serum Vitamin D and Dietary Quality with Cardiometabolic Risk in Children aged 6 to 12 years: Findings from SEANUTS II Malaysia","authors":"Kai Sze Chan, Farah Nor MF, Giin Shang Yeo, Kuan Chiet Teh, Shoo Thien Lee, Ika Aida Aprilini Makbul, Nor Aini Jamil, R. Sharif, J. Wong, I. Khouw, B. Poh, S. ‎","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2023-0621","url":null,"abstract":"Increased cardiometabolic risk among children is increasingly becoming a concern, with evidence indicating that obesity, diet, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, such studies among Malaysian children are scarce. Thus, this study explores the associations between adiposity, dietary quality, and 25(OH)D, with cardiometabolic risk factors among Malaysian children aged 4-12 years. Data of 4879 children (mean age: 8.2±2.3 years old, 53% females) from the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS II) Malaysia, were analysed. Adiposity (percentage of body fat) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance technique. Dietary quality was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall and calculated as mean adequacy ratio (MAR). Vitamin D was assessed based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Measurements of cardiometabolic risk factors included waist circumference, mean arterial pressure, fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and cardiometabolic risk cluster score (siMS) was calculated. Overall, higher adiposity was positively associated with all cardiometabolic risk factors (WC, ß=0.907; 95%CI=0.865,0.948; MAP, ß=0.225; 95%CI=0.158, 0.292; HDL, ß =-0.011; 95%CI=-0.014, -0.009; Triglyceride, ß=0.012; 95%CI=0.009, 0.016; FBG, ß=0.006; 95%CI=0.002, 0.011) and siMS scores (ß=0.033; 95%CI=0.029, 0.037). Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with siMS scores (ß= -0.002; 95%CI= -0.004, -0.000008) and positively associated with HDL (ß=0.002; 95%CI=0.0001, 0.003). Our findings suggest that adiposity is a key determinant of adverse cardiometabolic risk factors in children, while serum 25(OH)D may be associated with overall cardiometabolic health. Interventions to reduce obesity are needed to mitigate the deleterious consequences of cardiometabolic dysregulation in children.","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition in hospitalized patients: a retrospective, cross-sectional study of single-day screening","authors":"Karolina Alvarez-Altamirano, Mónica P. Bejarano-Rosales, Bárbara Kassandra González-Rodríguez, Grissel Mondragón-Nieto, Gabriela Alatriste-Ortiz, Liz J. Jiménez Noguez, Gabriela Gutiérrez-Salmeán, Vanessa Fuchs-Tarlovsky","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2023-0190","url":null,"abstract":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. <br/> Hospital malnutrition remains a significant public health issue, particularly in developing countries. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) proposed homogenizing criteria to standardize malnutrition diagnosis. This study aimed to retrospectively determine the prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition diagnoses among hospitalized patients using the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS)-2002 screening instrument and the GLIM criteria, respectively. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study from nutritional records of patients hospitalized in a single centre 2021. Nutrition data from records included medical diagnosis, gender, length of stay, age, weight, height, body mass index, weight loss, calf circumference, and middle upper arm circumference. Nutritional risk and malnutrition were evaluated using NRS-2002 and GLIM criteria. Its concordance was further evaluated by using a Kappa test. The study included 616 records of patients; 52.3% (n = 322) of the population were male. The prevalence of nutritional risk, according to NRS-2002, was 69.5% (n = 428). Nutritional risk as well as malnutrition diagnosis according to GLIM criteria was observed in 87.8% (n = 374) of patienttritional risk and malnutrition were evaluated using NRS-2002 and GLIM criteria. Its concordance was further evaluated by using a Kappa test. Ws. Tools showed a strong concordance (κ= 0.732). All anthropometric data, except for height, were found to be significantly different between patients with moderate and severe malnutrition (p &lt; 0.05). Our findings highlight a high prevalence of malnutrition in this group of hospitalized patients in Mexico. NRS-2002 demonstrated good agreement with the diagnosis of malnutrition according to GLIM criteria and could be considered part of the straightforward two-step approach for malnutrition; however, further studies are needed.","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140828651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S'attaquer aux défis de l'adhésion aux principes de la saine alimentation","authors":"Simone Lemieux","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2023-0564","url":null,"abstract":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. <br/> Cet article vise à décrire les retombées de la programmation de recherche intitulée « Adhésion aux recommandations visant la saine alimentation: identification des mesures, déterminants et interventions ». Au-delà des principaux résultats décrits dans cet article, cette programmation a eu un impact majeur sur la formation d’étudiants gradués. Elle a aussi été une occasion unique de développer et valider des outils de mesure pertinents pour la recherche en nutrition et de mettre ceux-ci à la disposition de la communauté scientifique. Enfin, cette programmation a été un levier pour l’établissement de nouvelles collaborations et pour la mise sur pied d’études de plus grande envergure. Message à retenir Cette programmation de recherche a mené au développement et à la validation d'outils de mesure qui nous ont permis d’étudier les facteurs favorisant l'adhésion aux principes de la saine alimentation.","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140581009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Including supramaximal verification reduced uncertainty in VO_2peak response rate.","authors":"John R M Renwick, Nicholas Preobrazenski, Michael D Giudice, Paul A Swinton, Brendon J Gurd","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0137","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many reports describe using a supramaximal verification phase-exercising at a power output higher than the highest power output recorded during an incremental cardiopulmonary test-to validate VO_2max. The impact of verification phases on estimating the proportion of individuals who increased VO_2peak in response to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) remains an underexplored area in the individual response literature. This analysis investigated the influence of same-day and separate-day verification phases during repeated measurements (incremental tests-INCR1 and INCR2; incremental tests + supramaximal verification phases-INCR1+ and INCR2+) of VO_2peak on typical error (TE) and the proportion of individuals classified as responders (i.e., the response rate) following 4 weeks of HIIT (<i>n</i> = 25) or a no-exercise control period (<i>n</i> = 9). Incorporation of supramaximal verification consistently reduced the standard deviation of individual response, TE, and confidence interval (CI) widths. However, variances were statistically similar across all groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Response rates increased when incorporating either one (INCR1 to INCR1+; 24%-48%, <i>p</i> = 0.07) or two (INCR2 to INCR2+; 28%-48%, <i>p</i> = 0.063) supramaximal verification phases. However, response rates remained unchanged when either zero-based thresholds or smallest worthwhile difference response thresholds were used (50% and 90% CIs, all <i>p</i> > 0.05). Supramaximal verification phases reduced random variability in VO_2peak response to HIIT. Compared with separate-day testing (INCR2 and INCR2+), the incorporation of a same-day verification (INCR1+) reduced CI widths the most. Researchers should consider using a same-day verification phase to reduce uncertainty and better estimate VO_2peak response rate to HIIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10414426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disordered eating is not associated with musculoskeletal injury in university athletes.","authors":"S O'Connell, I Brenner, J L Scheid, S L West","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0244","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Take home message: </strong>Musculoskeletal injuries and disordered eating are prevalent in varsity-level athletes but are not associated in our participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10110347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum osmolality measured in fingertip capillary blood is comparable to serum osmolality measured in venous blood.","authors":"K Bergin-Taylor, M P Funnell, R A Ferguson, S A Mears, L J James","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0358","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood osmolality is considered the gold standard hydration assessment, but has limited application for technical and invasive reasons. Paired antecubital-venous blood and fingertip-capillary blood were collected pre- and 30 min post-drinking 600 mL water in 55 male/female participants. No bias (0.2 mOsmo/kg, limits of agreement = -2.5 to 2.8 mOsmo/kg) was found between sampling methods, with high linear correlation (Spearman's <i>r</i> = 0.95, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Capillary blood sampling offers an accurate less-invasive method for determining serum osmolality than venous blood sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9959867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High glycemia and resistin normalized in children with double burden of malnutrition: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Joicy Karla Grangeiro Pereira, Rúbia Cartaxo Squizato de Moraes, Ana Lydia Sawaya, José Luiz de Brito Alves, Andrea Rocha Filgueiras, Maria do Carmo Pinho Franco, Vinicius José Baccin Martins","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0183","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coexistence of stunting and excess weight in the same individual is defined as a double burden of malnutrition (DBM) and is associated with noncommunicable diseases. In this study, we evaluated the impact of DBM on adipokine concentrations and metabolic profiles in children compared with weight excess alone. Children were allocated to the weight excess group (<i>n</i> = 23) (height-for-age (HAZ) > 0.0 and < 2.0 Z-score and body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) > 1.0 Z-score) or DBM (<i>n</i> = 22) group (HAZ < -1.0 Z-score (including mild stunting) and BMI/A > 1.0 Z-score). Lipid, glycemic profile, resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations were analyzed. Glycemia was significantly higher in the DBM group compared to the weight excess group (5.05 (4.76-5.31) mmol/L vs. 4.57 (4.35-4.81) mmol/L), although no differences were found in insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Adipokine concentrations did not differ between the groups. However, the DBM group showed higher resistin concentrations normalized by body fat mass than those of the weight excess group (1.44 (0.98-1.93) ng/mL vs. 0.76 (0.55-1.45) ng/mL). Insulin and HOMA-IR showed a negative correlation with adiponectin (<i>r</i> = -0.590 and -0.624, respectively, both <i>p</i> < 0.01). DBM was associated with increased glucose and resistin concentrations adjusted by fat mass compared to that associated with excess weight alone. Therefore, this association between mild stunting and weight excess has deleterious potential for long-term metabolic function, highlighting an additional precaution against weight gain in children, especially in those with stunting.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10261119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}