Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Effects of crossover point exercise and high-intensity interval training on vascular health in young overweight females.","authors":"Yuting Yang, Peizhen Zhang, Xiaolan Zhu","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0054","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of 10 weeks of crossover point (COP) exercise training and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiovascular risk factors and vascular health in overweight young women. Overweight young women were randomized into HIIT and COP groups. Participants in the HIIT group (<i>n</i> = 10; age = 22 ± 2, body mass index (BMI) = 25.72 ± 0.90) and COP group (<i>n</i> = 10, age = 21 ± 2, BMI = 25.90 ± 1.90) took part in 10 weeks of HIIT and COP exercise training, respectively. Cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular health, and oxidative stress indicators were measured before and after the intervention period. After 10 weeks of exercise intervention, both COP exercise and HIIT led to a significant increase in maximal oxygen uptake (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The systolic blood pressure (<i>p</i> = 0.006), diastolic blood pressure (<i>p</i> = 0.006), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (<i>p</i> = 0.002) were significantly decreased in both COP group and HIIT group, while serum interleukin-6 levels were increased in HIIT and COP groups. The present study shows that a training program at COP could be an effective strategy to protect vascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10414425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic beetroot juice supplementation attenuates neuromuscular fatigue etiology during simulated soccer match play.","authors":"Wael Daab, Firas Zghal, George P Nassis, Haithem Rebai, Wassim Moalla, Mohamed Amine Bouzid","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0179","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of beetroot juice supplementation (BEET) on neuromuscular fatigue etiology during simulated soccer match play. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 13 soccer players completed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST). Players received either BEET (2×150 mL; ∼8 mmol/L nitrate) or placebo (PLA) for 7 days (6 days prior to the experimental session and on the day of trial, 2 h before LIST). Neuromuscular assessments were performed at baseline, 45 min (half time: HT), and 90 min (full time: FT) following LIST. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and twitch responses, delivered through electrical femoral nerve stimulation, were used to assess peripheral (quadriceps resting twitch force <i>Q</i>_tw,pot) and central fatigue (voluntary activation, VA). Compared with baseline, MVC <i>Q</i>_tw,pot and VA values decreased in PLA and BEET conditions at HT and FT (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared with PLA, the decrease in MVC and <i>Q</i>_tw,pot was significantly attenuated with BEET at HT and FT (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Likewise, BEET attenuated the decrease in VA at HT (<i>P</i> < 0.001, <i>d</i> = 1.3) and FT (<i>P</i> < 0.001, <i>d</i> = 1.5) compared with the PLA condition. Chronic beetroot juice supplementation attenuates neuromuscular fatigue development during simulated soccer matches, and this is due to both central and peripheral factors. Consequently, chronic beetroot may optimize physical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10212874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of aerobic fitness status, menstrual cycle phase, and oral contraceptive use on exercise substrate oxidation and metabolic flexibility in females.","authors":"Alyssa A Olenick, Regis C Pearson, Nathan T Jenkins","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0101","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of menstrual cycle phase and fitness status on metabolism during high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) was assessed. Twenty-five females (24.4 (3.6) years) were categorized by normal menstrual cycle (<i>n</i> = 14) vs. oral contraceptive (OC) use (<i>n</i> = 11) and by aerobic fitness, high-fitness females (HFF; <i>n</i> = 13) vs. low-fitness females (LFF; <i>n</i> = 12). HIIE was four sets of four repetitions with a 3 min rest between intervals on a cycle ergometer at a power output halfway between the ventilatory threshold and V̇O_2peak and performed during follicular (FOL: days 2-7 or inactive pills) and luteal phases (LUT: day ∼21 or 3rd week of active pills). Substrate oxidation was assessed via indirect calorimetry, blood lactate via finger stick, and recovery of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism (mV̇O₂) via continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy. HFF oxidized more fat (g·kg^-1) during the full session (FOL: <i>p</i> = 0.050, LUT: <i>p</i> = 0.001), high intervals (FOL: <i>p</i> = 0.048, LUT: <i>p</i> = 0.001), low intervals (FOL: <i>p</i> = 0.032, LUT: <i>p</i> = 0.024), and LUT recovery (<i>p</i> = 0.033). Carbohydrate oxidation area under the curve was greater in HFF during FOL (FOL: <i>p</i> = 0.049, LUT: <i>p</i> = 0.124). Blood lactate was lower in LFF in FOL (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) but not in LUT. Metabolic flexibility (Δ fat oxidation g·kg^-1·min^-1) was greater in HFF than LFF during intervals 2-3 in FOL and 1-4 in LUT (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Fitness status more positively influences exercise metabolic flexibility during HIIE than cycle phase or OC use.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10491924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer symptom burden negatively affects health-related quality of life in patients undergoing prehabilitation prior to liver resection: results from a 12-week randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Popi Kasvis, Antonio Vigano, Tram Bui, Franco Carli, Robert D Kilgour","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0234","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Take home message: </strong>Cancer symptoms negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with cancer awaiting liver resection. Prehabilitation maintained HRQoL after surgery. Future studies should test whether relieving cancer symptoms can improve HRQoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10202532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLP-1 response during pregnancy: variations between trimesters and associations with appetite sensations and usual energy intake","authors":"Inès Auclair Mangliar, Anne-Sophie Plante, Myriam Chabot, Claudia Savard, Simone Lemieux, Andréanne Michaud, S. John Weisnagel, Félix Camirand Lemyre, Alain Veilleux, Anne-Sophie Morisset","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2023-0301","url":null,"abstract":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. <br/> Further research is required to understand hormonal regulation of food intake during pregnancy and its association with energy intake. The objectives are to (i) compare postprandial responses of plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) between trimesters, (ii) compare postprandial appetite sensations between trimesters, and (iii) examine trimester-specific associations between GLP-1 levels, appetite sensations, and usual energy intake. At each trimester, participants (n = 26) consumed a standard test meal following a 12 h fast. Plasma GLP-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method at fasting and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min postprandial. A visual analogue scale assessing appetite sensations was completed at fasting and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min postprandial. Mean energy intake was assessed using three web-based 24 h dietary recalls at each trimester. Lower postprandial GLP-1 responses were observed in the 2nd (p = 0.004) and 3rd trimesters (p &lt; 0.001) compared to the 1st trimester. Greater postprandial sensations of desire to eat, hunger, and prospective food consumption were noted in the 3rd trimester compared to the 1st trimester (p &lt; 0.04, for all). Fasting GLP-1 was negatively associated with fasting appetite sensations (except fullness) at the 2nd trimester (p &lt; 0.02, for all). Postprandially, significant associations were observed for incremental areas under the curve from 0 to 30 min between GLP-1 and fullness at the 2nd (p = 0.01) and 3rd trimesters (p = 0.03). No associations between fasting or postprandial GLP-1 and usual energy intake were observed. Overall, GLP-1 and appetite sensation responses significantly differ between trimesters, but few associations were observed between GLP-1, appetite sensations, and usual energy intake.","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Options for substantiating protein content claims for conventional foods","authors":"James D. House, André Brodkorb, Mark Messina, Michelle Braun, Elaine S. Krul","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2023-0243","url":null,"abstract":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. <br/> In Canada and the United States, front-of-package protein content claims require data to support the quality of the protein. In general, protein quality reflects the product of the amino acid composition of the food protein relative to human amino acid requirements and a measure of digestibility. The currently accepted method in both jurisdictions is the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) that requires the measurement of true fecal protein (nitrogen) digestibility. The latter must be measured in vivo using a rat model. This requirement for animal testing is inconsistent with international efforts to reduce the usage of animals in testing for regulatory purposes. The current commentary positions four options to remove the need to use animal testing for determining protein quality, when considering protein content claim substantiation. These options include (i) a focus on protein quantity alone; (ii) the use of the amino acid score alone, with no correction for digestibility; (iii) the use of a fixed digestibility coefficient to estimate protein quality; and (iv) the use of in vitro methods to measure protein and/or amino acid digestibility. The relative merits and deficiencies of the options are positioned with the goal of encouraging dialogue within the regulatory agencies to move towards alternative approaches for substantiating protein content claims on foods, including those derived from plant-based sources.","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138581422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary study on the effect of loaded and unloaded exercise on <i>N</i>-propeptide of type II collagen and serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein activity of articular cartilage in healthy young adults.","authors":"Bruna Mavignier de Vasconcelos, Jason D Peeler, Trisha Scribbans, Stephen M Cornish","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0124","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The serum concentration of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) is considered a mechanosensitive biomarker of articular cartilage turnover, and <i>N</i>-propeptide of type II collagen (PIIANP), a proposed biomarker of type II collagen synthesis. Few studies have investigated the anabolic and turnover response of articular cartilage in response to acute changes in body mass during exercise. Using a repeated measure cross-over design, 15 healthy adults (age 18-30 years) performed three 30 min bouts of treadmill walking exercise under three loading conditions: (1) control (no alteration to body mass); (2) loaded (12% increase in body mass using a weighted vest); and (3) unloaded (12% decrease in body mass using lower body positive pressure). Venous blood was collected before, immediately after, and 15 and 30 min after exercise to investigate cartilage turnover (sCOMP) and anabolism (PIIANP). A main time effect (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) revealed that sCOMP levels were significantly greater post-exercise (for all three body loading conditions) as compared to before exercise, 15 and 30 min post-exercise. There was a significant condition × time interaction (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) for PIIANP, indicating that in the loaded condition, PIIANP concentrations at 15 min post-exercise were 13.8% greater than immediately following exercise, and 12.9% greater than before exercise. In summary, sCOMP concentration was acutely increased with all three loading conditions. However, PIIANP increased only after exercise in the loaded condition, suggesting an acute anabolic effect on articular cartilage. NCT05925244.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10603710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Canadian Eating Practices Screener to assess eating practices based on 2019 Canada's Food Guide recommendations.","authors":"Angela Wallace, Alicia Martin, Alexandra Bédard, Camille Pitre, Simone Lemieux, Janis Randall Simpson, Sharon I Kirkpatrick, Joy M Hutchinson, Tabitha E Williams, Ailish M Westaway, Benoît Lamarche, Meghan Day, Patricia M Guenther, Mahsa Jessri, Mary R L'Abbé, Maria Laura de Costa Louzada, Dana Lee Olstad, Rachel Prowse, Jill Reedy, Hassan Vatanparast, Jennifer E Vena, Jess Haines","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0081","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2019, Health Canada released a new iteration of Canada's Food Guide (2019-CFG), which, for the first time, highlighted recommendations regarding eating practices, i.e., guidance on where, when, why, and how to eat. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-administered screener to assess eating practices recommended in the 2019-CFG among adults aged 18-65 years. Development of the screener items was informed by a review of existing tools and mapping of items onto 2019-CFG recommendations. Face and content validity were assessed with experts in public health nutrition and/or dietary assessment (<i>n</i> = 16) and individuals from Government of Canada (<i>n</i> = 14). Cognitive interviews were conducted with English-speaking (<i>n</i> = 16) and French-speaking (<i>n</i> = 16) adults living in Canada to assess face validity and understanding of the screener items. While some modifications were identified to improve relevance or clarity, overall, the screener items were found to be relevant, well-constructed, and clearly worded. This comprehensive process resulted in the Canadian Eating Practices Screener/Questionnaire court canadien sur les pratiques alimentaires, which includes 21 items that assess eating practices recommended in the 2019-CFG. This screener can facilitate monitoring and surveillance efforts of the 2019-CFG eating practices as well as research exploring how these practices are associated with various health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10476384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of unilateral dual-brachial arteries on endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vasodilation: a case study.","authors":"Molly K Courish, Madeline E Shivgulam, Jessica R MacLeod, Derek S Kimmerly, Myles W O'Brien","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0170","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Take home message: </strong>Our case study indicated that a bifurcated brachial artery exhibited worse vasodilatory responses relative to an intact contralateral artery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10292022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute work rate adjustments during high-intensity interval training in a hot and temperate environment.","authors":"Hillary A Yoder, Anne M Mulholland, Hayley V MacDonald, Jonathan E Wingo","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0144","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart rate drifts upward over time during interval exercise and during exercise in hot conditions. As such, work rate must be lowered to maintain target heart rate. The purpose was to characterize acute work rate adjustments during high-intensity interval training based on target heart rate. Seven humans (three females) completed five study visits: a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer to measure maximal heart rate (HR_max) in ∼22 °C and four trials performed in ∼22 °C (TEMP) or ∼35 °C (HOT), consisting of an 8 min warm-up at 70% HR_max followed by one (15_TEMP and 15_HOT) or five (43_TEMP and 43_HOT) rounds of high-intensity interval training (one round = 4 min work at 90% HR_max and 3 min recovery at 70% HR_max) totaling 15 min or 43 min of exercise, respectively. Work rate was lowered 33 ± 20 W (<i>p</i> = 0.005) in 43_TEMP and 56 ± 30 W (<i>p</i> = 0.003) in 43_HOT between the first and fifth work intervals. Thermal strain (0.2 °C higher rectal temperature, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and cardiovascular strain (6 beats·min^-1 larger increase in heart rate from first to fifth recovery interval, <i>p</i> = 0.01) were greater in 43_HOT versus 43_TEMP. Using target heart rate during high-intensity interval training may reduce the training stimulus, especially in hot environments, but it may also limit thermal strain and enable participants to complete the prescribed workout despite the heat.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10194111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}