Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Agreement between the ventilated capsule and the KuduSmart® device for measuring sweating responses to passive heat stress and exercise.","authors":"Nicholas Ravanelli, Douglas Newhouse, Fergus Foster, Aaron R Caldwell","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0149","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study assessed agreement between a wireless sweat rate monitor (KuduSmart® device) and the ventilated capsule (VC) technique for measuring: (i) minute-averaged local sweat rate (LSR), (ii) sweating onset, (iii) sudomotor thermosensitivity, and (iv) steady-state LSR, during passive heat stress and exercise. It was hypothesized that acceptable agreement with no bias would be observed between techniques for all assessed sweating characteristics. On two separate occasions for each intervention, participants were either passively heated by recirculating hot water (49 °C) through a tube-lined garment until rectal temperature increased 1 °C over baseline (<i>n</i> = 8), or a 60 min treadmill march at a fixed rate of heat production (∼500 W, <i>n</i> = 9). LSR of the forearm was concurrently measured with a VC and the KuduSmart® device secured within ∼2 cm. Using a ratio scale Bland-Altman analysis with the VC as the reference, the KuduSmart® device demonstrated systematic bias and not acceptable agreement for minute-averaged LSR (1.17 [1.09, 1.27], CV = 44.5%), systematic bias and acceptable agreement for steady-state LSR (1.16 [1.09,1.23], CV = 19.5%), no bias and acceptable agreement for thermosensitivity (1.07 [0.99, 1.16], CV = 23.2%), and no bias and good agreement for sweating onset (1.00 [1.00, 1.00], CV = 11.1%). In total, ≥73% of all minute-averaged LSR observations with the KuduSmart<b>®</b> device (<i>n</i> = 2743) were within an absolute error of <0.2 mg/cm²/min to the VC, the reference minimum detectable change in measurement error of a VC on the forearm. Collectively, the KuduSmart<b>®</b> device may be a satisfactory solution for assessing the sweating response to heat stress where a VC is impractical.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10586098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of frailty and malnutrition knowledge assessment scale for community-dwelling older adults.","authors":"Xuemei Sun, Yinyan Gao, Yancong Chen, Lang Qin, Yali Lin, Jinlu Song, Zixuan Zhang, Huan Wang, Hui Feng, Hongzhuan Tan, Qiong Chen, Linlin Peng, Wenjie Dai, Irene X Y Wu","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0141","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a lack of reliable tools to assess the knowledge of frailty and malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults. To develop and validate reliable frailty and malnutrition knowledge assessment scales for this population, two scales were developed and validated through five phases. Phase 1: the item pools were constructed through a literature review and research panel based on the symptom interpretation model. Phase 2: the expert consultation was performed to select the items. Phase 3: a pilot survey was conducted to assess the clarity of the items and further revise the scales. Phase 4: 242 older adults were surveyed to finalize the items. Phase 5: 241 older adults were surveyed to test the psychometric properties. The two scales each comprise 3 dimensions (symptoms, risk factors, and management strategies) and 11 items. They had good construct validity, with all indicators of correlation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis meeting their specific criteria. The reliability of the frailty and malnutrition knowledge assessment scales was good, with composite reliability coefficients all >0.60, Cronbach's alpha being 0.81 and 0.83, and the Spearman-Brown coefficient being 0.74 and 0.80, respectively. Their acceptability was good, with both having a completion rate of 92.18% and an average completion time of 3 min. The two scales are reliable tools to assess the knowledge of frailty and malnutrition among community-dwelling older adults, especially for large-scale surveys. They can help identify knowledge gaps in older adults and provide a basis for developing targeted educational interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10164371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of plyometric- and cycle-based high-intensity interval training on body composition, aerobic capacity, and muscle function in young females: a field-based group fitness assessment.","authors":"A J Holmes, M T Stratton, A R Bailly, J S Gottschall, Y Feito, P L Ha, A Lavigne, K Persaud, H L Gagnon, A Krueger, A Modjeski, T A Esmat, L N Harper, T A VanDusseldorp, G M Hester","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0465","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective alternative to moderate intensity continuous training for improvements in body composition and aerobic capacity; however, there is little work comparing different modalities of HIIT. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometric- (PLYO) and cycle-oriented (CYC) HIIT on body composition, aerobic capacity, and skeletal muscle size, quality, and function in recreationally trained females. Young (21.7 ± 3.1 yrs), recreationally active females were quasi-randomized (1:1 ratio) to 8 weeks of twice weekly PLYO (<i>n</i> = 15) or CYC (<i>n</i> = 15) HIIT. Body composition (four-compartment model), VO_2peak, countermovement jump performance, muscle size, and echo intensity (muscle quality), as well as strength and power of the knee extensors and plantar flexors were measured before and after training. Both groups showed a similar decrease in body fat percentage (<i>p</i> < 0.001; <math> <msubsup><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msubsup> <mi> </mi></math> = 0.409) and echo intensity (<i>p</i> < 0.001; <math> <msubsup><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msubsup> </math> = 0.558), and an increase in fat-free mass (<i>p</i> < 0.001; <math> <msubsup><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msubsup> <mi> </mi></math> = 0.367) and VO_2peak (<i>p</i> = 0.001; <math> <msubsup><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msubsup> </math> = 0.318). Muscle size was unaffected (<i>p</i> > 0.05), whereas peak torque was reduced similarly in both groups (<i>p</i> = 0.017; <math> <msubsup><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msubsup> </math> = 0.188) and rapid torque capacity was diminished only for the knee extensors after CYC (<i>p</i> = 0.022; <i>d</i> = -0.67). These results suggest that PLYO and CYC HIIT are similarly effective for improving body composition, aerobic capacity, and muscle quality, whereas muscle function may express moderate decrements in recreationally active females. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05821504).</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10647456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition risk and cognitive performance in community-living older adults without cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.","authors":"Vanessa Trinca, Nicole D Anderson, Alexandra J Fiocco, Guylaine Ferland, Danielle Laurin, Heather H Keller","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0211","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malnutrition is correlated with poor cognition; however, an understanding of the association between nutrition risk, which precedes malnutrition, and cognition is lacking. This study aimed to determine if nutrition risk measured with the SCREEN-8 tool is associated with cognitive performance among cognitively healthy adults aged 55+, after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates. Sex- and age-stratified analyses were also explored. Baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging was used. Cognition was determined using a 6-measure composite score based on four executive functions and two memory tasks, taking into account age, sex, and education. Multivariable linear regression was performed while adjusting for body mass index (BMI), lifestyle, and health covariates in the entire sample (<i>n</i> = 11 378) and then stratified by sex and age. Approximately half of participants were female (54.5%) aged 65+ (54.1%). Greater nutrition risk was associated with poorer cognitive performance in the entire sample (<i>F</i>_{[1, 11 368]} = 5.36, <i>p</i> = 0.021) and among participants aged 55-64 (<i>n</i> = 5227; <i>F</i>_{[1, 5217]} = 5.45, <i>p</i> = 0.020). Sex differences in lifestyle and health factors associated with cognition were apparent, but nutrition risk was not associated with cognition in sex-stratified models. Based on this analysis, there may be an association between nutrition risk and cognitive performance in older adults. When screening for either cognitive impairment or nutrition risk, complementary assessments for these conditions is warranted, as early intervention may provide benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10018188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' knowledge of the 2019 Canada's Food Guide recommendations.","authors":"Alyssa V Ramuscak, Alison M Duncan, David W L Ma, Jess Haines","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0159","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Little is known about Canadians' knowledge of the 2019 Canada's Food Guide (CFG) recommendations. Using cross-sectional survey data from the Guelph Family Health Study, our brief communication aimed to explore parents' knowledge of the 2019 CFG recommendations through descriptive statistics and content analysis. Among a sample of 122 parents, we found that parents had a general understanding of the 2019 CFG's recommendations but poor knowledge of specific details of the recommendations, such as the names of the three food groups and which foods contain unhealthy fats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10235397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of regional quadriceps architecture on angle-specific rapid force expression.","authors":"Dustin J Oranchuk,&nbsp;William G Hopkins,&nbsp;John B Cronin,&nbsp;Adam G Storey,&nbsp;André R Nelson","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0074","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evaluating anatomical contributions to performance can increase understanding of muscle mechanics and guide physical preparation. While the impact of anatomy on muscular performance is well studied, the effects of regional quadriceps architecture on rapid torque or force expression are less clear. Regional (proximal, middle, and distal) quadriceps (vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus intermedius) thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), and fascicle length (FL) of 24 males (48 limbs) were assessed via ultrasonography. Participants performed maximal isometric knee extensions at 40°, 70°, and 100° of knee flexion to evaluate rate of force development from 0 to 200 ms (RFD_0-200). Measurements were repeated on three occasions with the greatest RFD_0-200 and mean muscle architecture measures used for analysis. Linear regression models predicting angle-specific RFD_0-200 from regional anatomy provided adjusted correlations (√adj<i>R</i>²) with bootstrapped compatibility limits. Mid-rectus femoris MT (√adj<i>R</i>²= 0.41-0.51) and proximal vastus lateralis FL (√adj<i>R</i>²= 0.42-0.48) were the best single predictors of RFD_0-200, and the only measures to reach precision with 99% compatibility limits. Small simple correlations were found across all regions and joint angles between RFD_0-200 and vastus lateralis MT (√adj<i>R</i>²= 0.28 ± 0.13; mean ± SD), vastus lateralis FL (√adj<i>R</i>²= 0.33 ± 0.10), rectus femoris MT (√adj<i>R</i>²= 0.38 ± 0.10), and lateral vastus intermedius MT (√adj<i>R</i>²= 0.24 ± 0.10). Between-correlation comparisons are reported within the article. Researchers should measure mid-region rectus femoris MT and vastus lateralis FL to efficiently and robustly evaluate potential anatomical contributions to rapid knee extension force changes, with distal and proximal measurements providing little additional value. However, correlations were generally small to moderate, suggesting that neurological factors may be critical in rapid force expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10145686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible ameliorative role of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> on coagulation factors, lymphocytopenia, and malnutrition in ICU patients with COVID-19.","authors":"Monireh Hatami,&nbsp;Mansooreh Sadat Mojani-Qomi,&nbsp;Zeinab Javid,&nbsp;Mohsen Taghavi,&nbsp;Hooman Bakhshandeh,&nbsp;Davood Sanaei Delir Zavaragh,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mikaninki,&nbsp;Mojgan Nazari,&nbsp;Seyed Ahmad Seyedmehdi,&nbsp;Jamal Rahmani,&nbsp;Mehdi Norouzi,&nbsp;Mahdi Shadnoush","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0405","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2022-0405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering the anti-viral effects of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (Sp), this study investigated the impact of Sp on impaired blood biomarkers of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19. Therefore, 104 patients (aged 48-66; 61.5% male) were randomly assigned to the Sp (daily consumption of 5 g) or placebo group for 2 weeks. Linear regression analysis was employed to assess the differences in blood test results between the control and intervention groups among patients with COVID-19. Our results showed significant differences in certain hematological tests, including a higher level of hematocrit (HCT) and a lower platelet count (PLT) in the intervention group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The percentage of lymphocytes (Lym%) in serology testing was significantly different between the control and intervention groups (<i>p =</i> 0.03). In terms of biochemical test analyses, Sp supplementation was associated with reduced levels of both blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (<i>p =</i> 0.01). Furthermore, on day 14, the intervention group displayed significantly higher medians of serum protein, albumin, and zinc compared to the control group (<i>p <</i> 0.05). Additionally, patients supplemented with Sp had a lower BUN-albumin ratio (BAR) (<i>p =</i> 0.01). No immunological and hormonal differences were observed between groups following 2 weeks. Our analysis indicates that Sp supplementation may be effective in regulating some blood test abnormalities associated with COVID-19. This study was registered at ISRCTN as IRCT20200720048139N1.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10143782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does Canada's new vitamin D fortification policy affect the high prevalence of inadequate intake of the vitamin?","authors":"Hassan Vatanparast,&nbsp;Zoe L Longworth","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0178","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Take-home message: </strong>The 2023 vitamin D fortification policy may significantly reduce inadequacies in non-supplement consumers; however, the policy is far from eliminating population-level vitamin D inadequacies and supplementation should still be encouraged.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10196637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a history of childbirth impact injury prevalence and mental health in female military members?","authors":"Chris Margaret Edwards,&nbsp;Émilie Miller,&nbsp;Danilo Fernandes da Silva,&nbsp;Jessica Laura Puranda,&nbsp;Sara Carolina Scremin Souza,&nbsp;Kevin Semeniuk,&nbsp;Kristi B Adamo","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of parity status on the prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal injury (MSKi) among female Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members is unknown. This study aims to identify whether a history of childbirth and pregnancy-related complications are associated with MSKi occurrence among female members of the CAF. From September 2020 to February 2021, data were collected via an online questionnaire that assessed MSKi, reproductive health, and barriers to recruitment and retention in the CAF. Actively serving, female members were included in this analysis stratified by parous (<i>n</i> = 313) or nulliparous (<i>n</i> = 435) status. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regressions were used to identify prevalence and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of repetitive strain injuries (RSI), acute injuries, and body regions affected. Covariates included in aOR: age, body mass index, and rank. A <i>p</i> value of <0.05 was considered significant and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Female members with a history of childbirth were more likely to report an RSI (80.9% vs. 69.9%, OR = 1.57, CI: 1.03 to 2.40), and when stratified by body region, were more likely to have an RSI of the wrist (30.0% vs. 20.5%, aOR = 1.62, CI: 1.09 to 2.40), and foot (39.3% vs. 24.1%, aOR = 1.79, CI: 1.24 to 2.59). When compared to the nulliparous group, parity did not influence prevalence of acute injuries. MSKi and mental health perceptions were different for females who experienced postpartum depression, miscarriage, or preterm birth. Childbirth and pregnancy-related complications impact prevalence of some RSI among female CAF members. Thus, specific health and fitness support may be needed for parous female CAF members.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10585584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac autonomic modulation in individuals with controlled and uncomplicated hypertension during exercise-heat stress.","authors":"Andres E Carrillo,&nbsp;Ashley P Akerman,&nbsp;Sean R Notley,&nbsp;Christophe L Herry,&nbsp;Andrew J E Seely,&nbsp;Marcel Ruzicka,&nbsp;Pierre Boulay,&nbsp;Glen P Kenny","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0173","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Take-home message: </strong>During short bouts of light-to-vigorous exercise in the heat, controlled and uncomplicated hypertension did not significantly modulate HRV in physically active individuals. These findings can be used to refine guidance on use of exercise for hypertension management in the heat.</p>","PeriodicalId":8116,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10319972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}