Wood Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of hydroxyl groups and pores on moisture sorption behavior of heat-treated wood and its pore structure prediction","authors":"Xiehengyu Huang,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Wenjing Liu,&nbsp;Zhihong Zhao,&nbsp;Wang Han","doi":"10.1007/s00226-026-01756-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-026-01756-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermal treatment has become an important approach to improve the dimensional stability and durability of wood, owing to its environmental friendliness and sustainability. During thermal treatment, the hydrophilic functional groups and pore structure of wood undergo significant changes, thereby affecting its hygroscopicity; however, the dynamic coupling relationship and quantitative contributions of these factors under varying relative humidity (RH) remain insufficiently clarified, and the characterization of cell wall pores at different RH levels is still challenging. To address these issues, this study refined the Horikawa-Do (H-D) model to quantify the contents of hydroxyl-bound water and pore-confined free-bound water in heat-treated wood under different RH levels, and further developed cell wall pore prediction model based on sorption isotherms. The results showed that both hydroxyl-bound water and pore-confined free-bound water coexist at any RH. At low to medium RH, hydroxyl-bound water adsorption predominates, whereas at high RH, pore-confined free-bound water adsorption dominates. Thermal treatment reduced the hydroxyl content of wood and enhanced hydroxyl binding energy, thereby significantly decreasing hydroxyl-bound water content, while increasing the hygroscopic ratio of pore-confined free-bound water (from 2.02 to 4.15 at 90% RH). This caused the “equilibrium point” between the two hygroscopic mechanisms to shift toward lower RH with increasing treatment temperature, indicating that thermal treatment primarily reduced wood hygroscopicity by decreasing hydroxyl-bound water. In addition, the average size of water clusters associated with moisture sorption was positively correlated with RH but negatively correlated with treatment temperature. The pore size prediction model revealed that the dominant hygroscopic pore size range in wood treated at 230 °C (1.58–2.36 nm) was significantly narrower than that in untreated wood (1.93–3.07 nm), with reductions of 22.2% and 34.1% in the minimum and maximum pore sizes, respectively. These findings systematically elucidate the microscopic mechanisms underlying the improvement of wood dimensional stability by thermal treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"60 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147362941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the synergistic modification of Chinese fir wood cell walls by carbon dots and polyethylene glycol","authors":"Lulu Gao,&nbsp;JingRu Zhang,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Hui Xu,&nbsp;MengJia Wan,&nbsp;Xin Guan","doi":"10.1007/s00226-026-01753-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-026-01753-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high-value utilization of thinning residues from plantation forests has long been a key focus for sustainable forestry development. The critical challenge lies in the green and value-added utilization of forestry waste and the enhancement of its performance. In this study, thinning Chinese fir wood was used as a carbon source to synthesize carbon dots via a hydrothermal method. Polyethylene glycol was employed to modify the carbon dots, forming PEG-CDs, and their synergistic effect in modifying the cell walls of thinning Chinese fir wood was investigated. The results show that PEG modification successfully introduced hydroxyl and ether hydrophilic groups onto the surface of the carbon dots, enabling their interaction with lignin and cellulose through hydrogen bonding and ether linkages. The PEG-CDs were uniformly distributed within the cell walls and pores of the wood. Furthermore, the modified wood exhibited 14% increase in thermal stability and a 17% improvement in cell wall modulus. Through a ‘strengthening wood with wood’ strategy, this study elucidated the nanoscale reinforcement mechanism of PEG-modified CDs via multiscale characterization. A low-energy, fully biomass-based wood functionalization approach was developed, offering a novel strategy for the green valorization of forestry waste and the design of high-performance eco-friendly wood materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"60 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood chemical composition of forest management residues for bioenergy","authors":"Samuel Roy Proulx,&nbsp;Évelyne Thiffault,&nbsp;Derlly Julieth Ortiz Niño,&nbsp;Claudie-Maude Canuel,&nbsp;Nelson Thiffault,&nbsp;Véronic Landry","doi":"10.1007/s00226-026-01760-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-026-01760-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied the suitability of forest management residues as feedstock for bioenergy production. We focused on the variability of their chemical and physical properties that are most likely to influence the efficiency of thermochemical conversion and the factors underlying this variability, namely wood species, stage of wood decomposition, and the site characteristics of the source location. We used wood from leftover logs and large branches of birch (<i>Betula papyrifera</i> and <i>Betula alleghaniensis</i>) and balsam fir (<i>Abies balsamea</i>), which are abundant in the boreal and mixedwood forests of Quebec (Eastern Canada) and likely to be found as residues on cutblocks. We used factor analysis of mixed data and linear mixed models to explore the relationships among wood species, decomposition class, chemical concentrations and density, and site characteristics such as bioclimatic conditions and soil cation exchange capacity. Model results showed significant impacts of species interacting with bioclimatic domains, notably on net calorific value, wood base cations (calcium, magnesium and potassium) and carbon concentrations. Balsam fir had the highest net calorific value (ranging from 17.0 to 17.4 MJ kg⁻¹) compared with birch (16.3 to 17.0 MJ kg⁻¹) in two of the three studied bioclimatic domains. However, balsam fir potassium concentration was doubled compared to birch (593 vs 245 ppm respectively) in one bioclimatic domain, which can be undesirable for thermochemical conversion. The wood decomposition class was effective at predicting significant decreases in wood chemical components (potassium, cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations). Our results suggest that forest management residues from balsam fir and birch could be suitable for biomass procurement, providing insights into their potential for bioenergy production in eastern Canada.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"60 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-026-01760-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of duration of load on shear performance of wood parallel to the grain direction using tensile shear testing","authors":"Kaito Yamagata,&nbsp;Makoto Nakatani,&nbsp;Takuro Mori","doi":"10.1007/s00226-026-01757-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-026-01757-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High-strength joints are increasingly used in timber structures to take advantage of the shear properties of wood. Therefore, understanding the long-term shear performance is essential. In this study, the long-term shear behavior of timber was evaluated using the tensile-shear test method. A duration of load (DOL) test was conducted to assess shear performance parallel to the grain under sustained loading. The test was carried out at loading levels ranging from 70% to 90%. The obtained strength modification factors as well as duration of load coefficients were greater than those specified in the current Japanese timber design standards, indicating that the code-specified values are conservative. In other words, the existing provisions ensure safety margins relative to the actual performance observed in the test. These results satisfy the requirements of the Japanese design code and are considered applicable to international design frame works, demonstrating the global relevance of the findings. The results indicate that the deformation at failure tends to converge at approximately 0.3 mm. A correlation was observed between deformation and environmental conditions, with the specimens loaded in April (<i>n</i> = 2) demonstrating greater deformation than the loaded in October (<i>n</i> = 4). The strength modification factor was determined to be 0.67, which is considered a safe value compared to the current standard of 0.55. This result is consistent with values reported in the previous study involving creep limit test study.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"60 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-026-01757-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical performance of densified delignified wood under tension: the influence of structural characteristics","authors":"Tianyang Chu,&nbsp;Zhengyang Wang,&nbsp;Dia Luan,&nbsp;Yuxin Gao,&nbsp;Saiya Feng,&nbsp;Chuangang Fan","doi":"10.1007/s00226-026-01749-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-026-01749-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Densified delignified wood (DW) is a novel engineering material with ideal specific strength based on the delignification and densification of natural wood (NW). However, the dependence of mechanical performance on structural characteristics (e.g. density, <i>ρ</i>) of DW has not been systematically elucidated, which limits the practical application of DW in engineering fields. To bridge this gap, this work investigates the strength, ductility and fracture toughness of DW with various <i>ρ</i> under tension parallel and perpendicular to the grain. The elastic modulus (<i>E</i>) and tensile strength (<i>S</i>) increased as <i>ρ</i> increased in both longitudinal (L) and tangential (T) directions. Fracture strain (<i>ε</i>_<i>f</i>) increased as density increased in the T direction, while a first decreasing and then increasing trend occurred in the L direction. This trend is the opposite in the work of fracture (<i>W</i>). A first decreasing and then increasing trend is observed of <i>W</i> in the T direction due to the coupling effect of delignification and densification. The mechanical performance of DW is found to be governed by the two-stage densification process during the preparation of DW. A transition density (<i>ρ</i>_<i>n</i>) is proposed herein to distinguish the two densification stages. When <i>ρ</i> is less than <i>ρ</i>_<i>n</i>, void collapse restricts gains in <i>E</i>, <i>S</i> and <i>W</i> while reducing <i>ε</i>_<i>f</i> due to loss of pore cushioning. When <i>ρ</i> is larger than <i>ρ</i>_<i>n</i>, cell-wall densification enhances fiber packing and hydrogen bonding, simultaneously improving all four mechanical properties. This work is expected to develop a deeper understanding of the multiscale mechanical design and mechanical behavior of cellulosic and wooden materials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"60 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction of betulin from Betula pendula bark: a sustainable approach to forest residue valorization","authors":"Nuria Chinchilla,&nbsp;Bruno Medronho,&nbsp;Zaida L. Almeida,&nbsp;María José Aliaño-González,&nbsp;Francisco A. Macías,&nbsp;Miguel Palma,&nbsp;Anabela Romano,&nbsp;Ida Svanedal,&nbsp;Magnus Norgren,&nbsp;Ceferino Carrera","doi":"10.1007/s00226-026-01752-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-026-01752-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The outer bark of <i>Betula pendula</i> (silver birch), a lignocellulosic byproduct of wood processing, offers valuable opportunities for the recovery of high-value bioactive compounds. betulin, a triterpenoid responsible for the white coloration of silver birch bark, has attracted considerable attention due to its pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In this study, a green ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method was developed and optimized for the selective extraction of betulin from <i>Betula pendula</i> outer bark. In order to evaluate the effects of ethanol concentration, temperature, sonication amplitude, and cycle on betulin yield, a Box–Behnken design was employed in combination with response surface methodology. Optimal conditions were identified at 92% ethanol, 57 °C, 70% amplitude, and 0.3 Hz^− 1 cycle for 15 min of extraction. The process demonstrated excellent repeatability (C.V. &lt; 5%). A positive correlation was identified between betulin concentration and antioxidant capacity, thereby confirming the efficacy of the employed methodology. This work constitutes a significant UAE protocol for <i>B. pendula</i> outer bark, delivering 34.63 mg·g^− 1 betulin and outperforming conventional techniques in terms of time and solvent usage, thus contributing to the development of circular biorefinery approaches within the wood industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"60 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-026-01752-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147339324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cycle load amplitude and count on fatigue damage progression in wooden furniture mortise-and-tenon joints quantified using porosity, fit, friction coefficient, and direct withdrawal load resistance","authors":"Wengang Hu,&nbsp;Rui Zhou,&nbsp;Jilei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00226-026-01750-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-026-01750-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Failure of mortise-and-tenon (M-T) joints used in wooden furniture construction is primarily attributed to long-term cyclic loading. Therefore, understanding how cyclic load alters the physical and mechanical properties of M-T joint components and leads to fatigue damage is essential. This study examined the effects of four cyclic load amplitudes (CLA: 150, 200, 250, 300 N) and four cyclic load count ratios (CLCR: 0, 25%, 50%, 75%) on the fatigue damage progression (FDP) in non-glued beech M-T joints. The assessment was conducted by quantifying changes of M-T porosity, fit, friction coefficient and the joints’ direct withdrawal load resistance (DWLR). Experimental analysis revealed that the porosities at the end section (5 mm, 20% of the T length) and the middle section (8 mm, 30% of the T length) of fatigued Ts decline linearly as functions of CLCR and CLA, respectively. The end section exhibits lower porosity than the middle section, and its porosity decreases at a higher rate as CLCR increases from 0 to 75%. The damage factor of M-T joints increases with CLCR and CLA. Across all tested CLA levels (150, 200, 250, 300 N), the ends section of fatigued Ts consistently exhibited higher damage factors than the middle section. The friction coefficients of fatigued M-T joints were found to follow a power function relationship with CLCR. The M-T fit decreased significantly as CLCR increased from 25% to 75% and showed a further decline with increasing CLA from 150 to 300 N. The reduction of M-T fit also showed a power function relationship with CLCR. Within each of the four CLA levels, the DWLRs of fatigued M-T joints decreased linearly with CLCR, and the slopes of these linear relationships increased as CLA increased from 150 to 300 N. Furthermore, the DWLRs can be estimated using the derived regression model, which incorporates the friction coefficients of the M-T materials, the M-T fit, the CLA level, and the initial DWLR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"60 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bamboo-templated bimetallic MOF-derived thick carbon electrodes for supercapacitors","authors":"Shiyi Zeng,&nbsp;Gaigai Duan,&nbsp;Haotian Jin,&nbsp;Shuijian He,&nbsp;Chunmei Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoshuai Han,&nbsp;Yong Huang,&nbsp;Jingquan Han,&nbsp;Shaohua Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s00226-026-01751-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-026-01751-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal–organic framework-derived porous carbons show promising potential as high-loading electrode materials for supercapacitors, while achieving efficient ion transport and conductivity remains a key challenge. In this work, a binder-free ZnCo bimetallic MOF-derived bamboo carbon (ZnCoBC) was fabricated through a one-step growth and carbonization strategy. The optimized ZnCoBC1000-5 exhibits a high specific surface area of 1385.49 m² g^− 1 and a mesoporous volume of 0.51 cm³ g^− 1, confirming a well-developed hierarchical pore network. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that ZnCoBC1000-5 maintains stable CV and GCD profiles within 5–30 mA cm^− 2, reflecting efficient charge transport and reversibility. The assembled symmetric device delivers a volumetric energy density of 6.46 mWh cm^− 3, while retaining 97.1% capacitance after 10,000 cycles, indicating excellent durability. This work highlights the structural advantages of bimetallic MOF-derived carbon bamboo and provides meaningful insight for designing high-performance energy-storage electrodes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"60 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and assessment of methods for determining wood and fibre orientation in a Douglas-fir timber specimen","authors":"Helene Penvern,&nbsp;Guillaume Pot,&nbsp;Joffrey Viguier","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01745-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01745-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Technologies utilising laser dot scanning to measure surface fibre orientation have evolved into advanced, system-ready solutions for machine strength grading. Although these methods significantly enhance predictive models of timber strength, they generally rely on surface-based interpolations that may not fully represent internal fibre architecture. In this study, a gradient structure tensor (GST) approach is investigated to estimate the normal direction of growth layers and infer internal fibre orientation. The method is compared with existing internal fibre orientation determination (IFOD) techniques combining laser dot measurements and destructive serial sectioning (DSS), and is assessed through local bending stiffness profiles derived from digital image correlation (DIC) tests and finite element (FE) simulations. Results indicate that accurate characterisation of internal fibre orientation, particularly when supported by laser dots-based measurements, enables highly reliable predictions of timber mechanical performance. DSS-based implementations yield determination coefficients of <span>(R^2 approx 0.8-0.9)</span>, while GST applied directly to DSS images—despite the images stack modest quality and without filtering optimisation—remains computationally efficient and shows promising correlation (<span>(R^2 approx 0.5)</span>) for tomographic applications. The proposed methodology provides a basis for generating robust fibre orientation datasets and for developing data-driven models capable of inferring internal architecture from surface or CT information. These outcomes open perspectives for improving mechanical grading procedures, integrating knot modelling and elastic property refinement, and ultimately reconstructing fibre orientation at the scale of entire logs for forestry and industrial use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"60 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-025-01745-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and chemical compositional characteristics of rubberwood with gelatinous fibre distribution in the tension and opposite wood","authors":"Xinwei Tu,&nbsp;Tongtong Li,&nbsp;Jianing Li,&nbsp;Fuquan Zhang,&nbsp;Honghai Liu,&nbsp;Lin Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01744-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01744-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rubberwood (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg), a key economic species in tropical regions, presents significant processing challenges due to the wide variation in tension wood (TW) content. This study systematically compared the chemical composition and structural features of fibres from tension wood and opposite wood zones in rubberwood, aiming to elucidate the formation mechanisms of tension wood and provide theoretical support for its targeted modification and high-value utilization. Analyses included histochemical staining, chemical analysis, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and thioacidolysis-GC-MS. The results showed that TW fibers featured a prominently thickened gelatinous layer (G-layer) composed of highly crystalline cellulose, with significantly reduced lignin content compared to NW. Thioacidolysis revealed that TW lignin not only exhibited a lower total content but also an increased proportion of syringyl (S) units, suggesting the adaptive regulation mechanisms within the lignin biosynthesis pathway. FTIR spectroscopy showed stronger O-H and aliphatic C-H stretching bands in TW, consistent with its higher cellulose content. The TGA results showed higher mass loss at 220–390 °C and lower char yield for TW, indicating cellulose-dominated decomposition behavior. This study elucidated the synergistic effect of S-unit enrichment and linkage rearrangement in TW lignin, underscoring that the G-layer’s high cellulose and low lignin architecture dictates thermal response. These findings improve the understanding of tension wood formation and provide practical strategies for enhancing the processing and utilization of plantation rubberwood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"60 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}