Flame retardancy of chemically surface-modified hardwoods by electron-beam-initiated polymerisation of impregnated acrylate monomers

IF 3.1 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Wood Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI:10.1007/s00226-025-01644-8

Solène Pellerin, Fabienne Samyn, Jérémy Winninger, Sophie Duquesne, Véronic Landry

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Abstract

Monomer impregnation is a great strategy to modify various wood properties. By choosing the right impregnant, it may lead to a higher flame retardancy of treated wood, contributing to its use in specific sectors such as building interior finishes. Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) were surface-impregnated with an acrylate and a phosphorus acrylate monomer under vacuum and exposed to an electron beam for polymerisation. A surface chemical retention of 100 g.m^− 2 was obtained for sugar maple, while the impregnation of yellow birch samples reached one around 200 g.m^− 2. X-ray densitometry confirmed an asymmetric density profile due to the monomer penetration concentrated in the first millimetres of the samples. Microtomography and Raman spectroscopy highlighted the penetration path of the monomers in the wood, mainly through the vessels. The lumens of the cells close to the surface were also filled with polymers. The phosphorus monomer surface impregnation positively impacted the thermal and fire properties of the modified wood. A 25% decrease in the peak of heat release rate was observed, and the residual mass was multiplied by two compared to the reference. The phosphorus monomer contributed to the char formation.

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浸渍丙烯酸酯单体电子束引发聚合化学表面改性硬木的阻燃性

单体浸渍是改变木材各种性能的好方法。通过选择正确的浸渍剂，它可以使处理过的木材具有更高的阻燃性，有助于其在特定部门的使用，如建筑内部饰面。黄桦树（Betula alleghaniensis Britt.）和糖枫（Acer saccharum Marsh.）在真空下表面浸渍丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯磷单体，并暴露在电子束下进行聚合。糖枫的表面化学保留率为100 g m−2，而黄桦样品的浸渍率约为200 g m−2。x射线密度测定证实了不对称的密度分布，因为单体渗透集中在样品的前毫米。显微断层扫描和拉曼光谱显示了单体在木材中的渗透路径，主要是通过血管。靠近表面的细胞腔内也充满了聚合物。磷单体表面浸渍对改性木材的热性能和防火性能有积极影响。观察到放热率峰值降低了25%，剩余质量与参考相比乘以2。磷单体有助于炭的形成。

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来源期刊

Wood Science and Technology 工程技术-材料科学：纸与木材

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

5.90%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Wood Science and Technology publishes original scientific research results and review papers covering the entire field of wood material science, wood components and wood based products. Subjects are wood biology and wood quality, wood physics and physical technologies, wood chemistry and chemical technologies. Latest advances in areas such as cell wall and wood formation; structural and chemical composition of wood and wood composites and their property relations; physical, mechanical and chemical characterization and relevant methodological developments, and microbiological degradation of wood and wood based products are reported. Topics related to wood technology include machining, gluing, and finishing, composite technology, wood modification, wood mechanics, creep and rheology, and the conversion of wood into pulp and biorefinery products.