Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Computational Study of the Piezoelectric Performance of Barium Titanate Crystals in the Presence of Vacancy Defect: Molecular Dynamics Approach","authors":"S. Esmaeili, M. H. Ehsani, Davood Toghraie, S. Saber-Samandari","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09424-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09424-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Certain materials (ceramics and polymers) are capable of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy via the piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric effect is fundamentally associated with momentary electric dipoles that occur in solids. The external surface may be borne directly by molecular groups or excited in the crystal lattice by an asymmetric peripheral charge. Using molecular dynamics simulation, the current study examined the effect of atomic vacancies on the piezoelectric properties of barium titanate crystals. For this reason, the diffusion coefficient, ferroelectric hysteresis loop, piezoelectric hysteresis loop, and strain–polarization curve were all examined. Increasing atomic vacancy to 20% increased the maximum (Max) value of residual strain and polarization in the simulated structure, according to the results. Optimal orientation, appropriate displacement of charged atoms, and the formation of effective dipoles all contributed to this. Consequently, the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the structure were enhanced. In the sample containing 20% atomic vacancies, atomic movement was also extremely high. As opposed to the sample containing 30% atomic vacancy, however, its structure was less porous. Hence, when 20% atomic vacancy was present, the structure exhibited its most optimal polarization.</p>","PeriodicalId":8109,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of an Inline Mixer to Produce Surfactant-Free Biodiesel-diesel/Water Emulsion Fuel: An Analysis of Water Droplets Characteristics and Drive Cycle Emissions","authors":"Mohamad Qayyum Mohd Tamam, Wira Jazair Yahya, Hasbullah Abdul Rahman, Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin, Hasannuddin Abd Kadir, Md Mujibur Rahman, Hirofumi Noge, Tsuyoshi Koga, Dhani Avianto Sugeng","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09408-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09408-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water-in-diesel (W/D) emulsion is a promising alternative fuel candidate, as it can simultaneously reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) while improving engine performance. Wide scale adoption of this fuel is difficult due to high production and storage costs. Hence, Real-Time Non-Surfactant Emulsion Fuel Supply System (RTES) is a proposed technology to solve these issues by mixing diesel and water in-line directly to the engine. This study presents an updated RTES prototype which incorporated a modular design, with a feedback system to control water injection rate. In this paper, RTES was installed to a common rail injection diesel-powered vehicle and the biodiesel-diesel W/D produced by RTES was analyzed to determine the effect of common rail pressure toward water droplet size and distribution. The vehicle was then tested under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) to evaluate vehicle emissions, which will serve as the basis for evaluating the emissions profile of W/D produced by RTES under urban and extra-urban driving conditions. It was found that when subjected to high common rail pressures, W/D droplets produced by RTES reduced by 21.1% compared to freshly produced W/D. NEDC emissions data revealed that NOx emission was reduced to a maximum of 25.3% in urban driving conditions. Hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide increased marginally throughout urban driving phase; while, carbon dioxide emissions were comparable between biodiesel-diesel and W/D. However, extra-urban driving conditions were unfavorable for RTES activation, as substantial emission increases were observed during high-speed accelerations. Nonetheless, W/D reduced PM emissions by 51% throughout NEDC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8109,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Aggregate Characteristics and Distribution on the Mechanical Characteristics of Recycled Concrete","authors":"Lixia Guo, Yuqing Yang, Ling Zhong, Jianwei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09395-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09395-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recycled concrete is a green material composed of natural aggregate and recycled aggregate mixed with cementing material and water in a certain ratio. The random distribution of aggregate in concrete has a great impact on material properties due to its supporting effect. In order to explore the characteristics of aggregate and the influence of its random distribution on the compressive strength performance of recycled aggregate concrete, numerical simulation is adopted in this paper. By using RAND function in ANSYS software APDL, a five-phase random aggregate model of recycled aggregate concrete was generated based on Monte Carlo method, and numerical simulation of uniaxial compression mechanical properties of concrete specimens under different recycled aggregate substitution rates (0%, 35% and 100%) was carried out. On the basis of reliability of the numerical simulation method verified by laboratory tests, multiple groups of stress–strain characteristic curves were obtained, the failure characteristics and stress characteristics of recycled concrete were analyzed, and Weibull probability statistical distribution was introduced to characterize the randomness and heterogeneity of mechanical characteristic parameters of recycled aggregate concrete. The results show that the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete is subject to Weibull distribution under random distribution of aggregate, and the shape coefficient m in Weibull distribution parameter can characterize the randomness and complexity of the failure of recycled concrete. The dispersion of the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete shows a decreasing trend with the increase in the substitution rate of recycled aggregate.</p>","PeriodicalId":8109,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Feature Representation for Multimodal Fake News Detection Using Localized Fine-Tuning of Improved BERT and VGG-19 Models","authors":"Suhaib Kh. Hamed, Mohd Juzaiddin Ab Aziz, Mohd Ridzwan Yaakub","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09354-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09354-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spread of fake news poses significant challenges across various sectors, including health, the economy, politics, and national stability. Social media and modern technology have facilitated the rapid dissemination of fake news, predominantly in multimedia formats. Despite advancements, multimodal fake news detection models struggle to achieve optimal accuracy, primarily due to the quality of feature representation. This study aims to enhance feature representation to improve fake news identification. Pre-trained models for feature extraction, typically designed for general public domains, may not suit the specific characteristics of our task using the Fakeddit dataset. We propose a localized fine-tuning strategy, refining pre-trained BERT and VGG-19 models for accurate multimodal feature representation in fake news detection. BERT was fine-tuned by retraining all layers, while only the last block of VGG-19 was fine-tuned. To further enhance the representations, we made structural modifications to VGG-19, including the use of a global average pooling layer and a redesigned classifier. This approach significantly improved our multimodal fake news detection model’s performance, achieving a high accuracy of 92%. Compared to state-of-the-art studies that use generic pre-trained models, our model demonstrates superior performance. Our research underscores the importance of feature representation in multimodal contexts and opens avenues for exploring the synergy between textual and visual modalities in fake news detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8109,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biopolymer and Gypsum Added Na Bentonite for a More Effective Clay Liner","authors":"Ali Hossien Basheer Garoushi, Eris Uygar","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09386-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09386-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bentonite soil is frequently utilized as a compacted clay liner, which is a critical component of municipal waste landfill systems. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of treating sodium bentonite (NAB) with natural biopolymers to obtain an effective clay liner. The NAB was treated with three biopolymers: sodium alginate (SA), agar gum (A), and xanthan gum (X), at different replacement percentages (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). Additionally, an investigation was conducted to determine the extent to which replacing 50% of these additives with gypsum (G) would improve the biopolymer treatments. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pH, one-dimensional swelling, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were carried out in this study. The FTIR results indicated the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding when NAB was treated with biopolymers and gypsum, which is crucial for enhancing the UCS. Furthermore, the thermal treatment of biopolymers significantly contributes to improving the UCS. Among the various biopolymers tested, agar gum demonstrated the most significant improvement, specifically, replacing 8% of the NAB with agar gum resulted in a 55% increase in UCS. Volume change behavior was most influenced by replacement of NAB with gypsum by 8%, which reduced the vertical swelling to 21% as opposed to 79% for the untreated NAB. The use of SA conversely resulted in an increased vertical swelling of 91%.</p>","PeriodicalId":8109,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Frequency Dual-Branch Network for Steel Small Defect Detection","authors":"Chi Ma, Zhigang Li, Yueyuan Xue, Shujie Li, Xiaochuan Sun","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09352-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09352-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Strip surface defect detection is pivotal in the steel industry for improving strip production quality. However, there is still a big gap between the existing working and the detection of small defects in strip steel in practical applications. In this paper, we propose the SSD-YOLO model, which is designed specifically for detecting small defects on strip steel surfaces. Given the challenge of feature extraction due to the small defect size, it utilizes a dual-branch feature extraction and channel-level feature fusion to enhance the expression capability of small defects. Moreover, it integrates a multiscale high-resolution detection module to achieve precise segmentation, thereby improving the overall detection accuracy of the model. The experimental results illustrate that the SSD-YOLO model, as proposed, attains a 98.0% mean average precision (mAP) and operates at 66 frames per second (FPS) when evaluated on the SSDD (Steel Small Defect Dataset). In comparison with YoloV8s, the SSD-YOLO achieves a significant improvement in accuracy, with an increase of 19.9%. The inference time and performance of our SSD-YOLO is well balanced, making it suitable for real-world deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8109,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective Optimal Antiwindup Compensation of Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems Under Input Saturation","authors":"Faisal Iqbal, Muhammad Rehan, Muntazir Hussain, Ijaz Ahmed, Muhammad Khalid","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09385-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09385-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper deals with the discrete-time antiwindup compensator (AWC) synthesis for nonlinear discrete-time systems under input saturation. The proposed method considers the objective of an optimal AWC design for fast convergence and for improved performance against the saturation nonlinearity. A discrete-time full-order AWC architecture is presented for nonlinear discrete-time systems to achieve an improved performance against the saturation nonlinearity. Additionally, an equivalent decoupled AWC architecture for nonlinear discrete-time system is derived through algebraic analysis and transformation of saturation to dead-zone function. To achieve fast convergence, a more generic Lyapunov function has been applied for the AWC design by incorporating an exponential term in the Lyapunov function. Then, new conditions for the AWC synthesis are revealed by application of the resultant decoupled discrete-time architecture, nonlinearity condition, a modified quadratic-exponential Lyapunov function, optimally exponential <span>(L_{2})</span> approach, and input saturation properties. The design conditions are provided for both global and local design scenarios, which can be applied to both stable and unstable plants. Compared with the conventional methods, the proposed approach deals with nonlinear systems, can be more practical due to discrete-time scenario, provides an optimal design for both fast convergence and performance, and applicable to both stable and unstable plants. A simulation example has been provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed nonlinear AWC design.</p>","PeriodicalId":8109,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of New Hyper-cross-linked Polymer for Efficient Heavy Metal Adsorption from Industrial Wastewater","authors":"Isham Areej, Saqlain Raza, Amin Abid, Ahmad Kaleem Qureshi, Umer Shafique, Bien Tan","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09259-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09259-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water pollution is the emerging issue in modern world that may cause water scarcity for our future generations. Therefore, it is ultimate need to develop highly efficient and cost-effective methods to solve this issue. Due to this intense demand, a new hyper-cross-linked polymer (HCP) of resorcinol (1, 3-dihydroxybenzol) “R-HCP” is synthesized using Friedel–Craft reaction for the removal of cadmium metal ions from industrial wastewater. Real industrial wastewater samples are used to evaluate the adsorption capability of R-HCP. Fabricated R-HCP is characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). The BET surface area of R-HCP is 221.5848 m²g⁻¹. Through salt addition method, the point of zero charge (PZC) was also determined, and its value is 2.0 pH. The maximum adsorption capacity of R-HCP is 10 mg/g for cadmium metal ions. The greatest adsorption value of 93% was obtained at pH 10 with 0.5 g of adsorbent and 9-min contact time and favors exothermic reaction. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were studied, and results shows that Freundlich model is the best fit with <i>R</i>² value of 0.9917. Adsorption kinetic investigation shows that it follows pseudo-first-order kinetic model <i>R</i>² value 0.9874. The study of the effect of interfering ions including calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium demonstrates the decrease in the adsorption capacity to a little extent. R-HCP can be recycled and have regeneration capacity, which is novel and distinguished feature of this adsorbent.</p>","PeriodicalId":8109,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Airflow and Pollutant Dispersion from a Ground-level Point-Source in a Model Urban Area","authors":"Sadia Siddiqa, Sahrish Batool Naqvi, Muhammad Azam, Md. Mamun Molla","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09371-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09371-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to comprehensively investigate pollutant dispersion within a scaled urban model and assess associated risks from emissions. Specifically, we focus on a ground-level point-source in the first row of buildings, continuously releasing a tracer gas for passive scalar transport analysis. The research seeks to understand flow patterns and pollutant dispersion considering the diverse heights and rooftop configurations typical of urban environments. Turbulence significantly influences pollutant dispersion and airflow around structures, prompting large-Eddy simulation (LES) to quantify these effects within the urban model’s regularly spaced buildings. We utilize the dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale (SGS) model to resolve the instantaneous flow field and passive scalar transport. Artificial turbulent structures are generated at the inlet using the synthetic inflow generator method. The validation shows that, the average deviations from the wind tunnel measurements for Wall A at positions <span>(x_2/H=0)</span> and <span>(x_2/H=3.79)</span> are approximately 12.09% and 16.52%, respectively. We found that, as free-stream flow encounters the first high-rise buildings in the urban canyon, high streamwise velocity is experienced, followed by the formation of a wake region around obstacles, causing flow separation due to boundary layer detachment from building rooftops. Pollutants released from the ground-level point-source are transported from primary recirculations to secondary ones through turbulent diffusion and advection until evacuated from the urban area. Velocity and concentration contours reveal that in-canyon vortex dynamics and pollutant distribution are highly sensitive to rooftop configurations. The height and shape of buildings not only influence in-canyon vortex structure, but also determine vortex strength. Furthermore, pollutant dispersion characteristics and pollution levels vary across buildings, with distinct regions near high- and low-rise structures showing differing patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":8109,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach for Forecasting and Scheduling Building Load through Real-Time Occupant Count Data","authors":"Iqra Rafiq, Anzar Mahmood, Ubaid Ahmed, Imran Aziz, Ahsan Raza Khan, Sohail Razzaq","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09296-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09296-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The smart buildings’ load forecasting is necessary for efficient energy management, and it is easily possible because of the data availability based on widespread use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and automation systems. The information of buildings’ occupancy is directly associated with energy consumption. Therefore, we present a hybrid model consisting of a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XgBoost), Random Forest (RF) and Linear Regression (LR) for commercial and academic buildings’ load forecasting. The correlation between occupants’ count and total load of the building is calculated using Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC). The comparative analysis of the proposed approach with LSTM, XgBoost, RF and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is also performed. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) are used as performance indicators for evaluating performance. Findings indicate that the proposed hybrid approach outperforms other models. The RMSE and MAE of 2.99 and 2.18, respectively, are recorded by the proposed model for commercial building dataset while for academic building the RMSE and MAE are 4.48 and 2.85, respectively. Occupancy and load consumption have a positive correlation as evident from PCC analysis. Therefore, we have scheduled the forecasted load based on occupancy patterns for two different cases. Cost is reduced by 17.42% and 33.40% in case 1 and case 2, respectively. Moreover, the performance of the proposed hybrid approach is compared with different techniques presented in literature for buildings load forecasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":8109,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}