Analysis of Stagnation Flow Characteristics in Hybrid Nanofluid Impingement: Velocity Slip, Convective Heat Transfer and Varied Inclination Angles

Abstract

This study has been done to investigate the behavior of water-based hybrid nanofluid impinges on a stretching sheet at arbitrary inclination angles. The velocity slip and convective heat transfer are considered at the sheet’s surface. This problem formulation consists of Al \(_2\) O \(_3\) and Cu as nanoparticles with water as a base fluid. Some scaling variables are used for constructing ordinary differential equations from partial differential equations. The resulting equations are solved using bvp4c fourth-order boundary value solver in MATLAB. Graphical representations of the fluctuations in velocity, temperature, Nusselt number, and shear stress components are shown with important physical parameters. The variation in Nusselt number and shear stress components are displayed for different impinging angles of the fluid. When inclined angles are increased from \(15^\circ \) to \(60^\circ \) along with a change in the Biot number from 1 to 4, the rate of heat transmission grows from 6.15% to near 10%. Additionally, under the same angle elevation, the Nusselt number increases from 5.8% to 12.56% when the slip parameter’s value is increased from 1 to 4.