Aquaculture Research最新文献

{"title":"Integrated Field Vaccination and Laboratory Challenge Reveal Immune Gene Responses and Protective Efficacy in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) Following Oral Administration of an Inactivated Vibrio harveyi Vaccine","authors":"Aslah Mohamad,&nbsp;Zahaludin Amir-Danial,&nbsp;Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal,&nbsp;Mohd Zamri-Saad,&nbsp;Annas Salleh,&nbsp;Mohamad Azzam-Sayuti,&nbsp;Chin Yong Kit,&nbsp;Ina Salwany Md Yasin","doi":"10.1155/are/5794569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/5794569","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vibriosis, caused by <i>Vibrio spp</i>., poses a significant challenge in marine aquaculture, leading to severe economic losses. Vaccination has emerged as a safer and more effective alternative to antibiotics for disease control, with oral vaccination offering advantages such as ease of administration and scalability for large-scale aquaculture operations. This study evaluated the efficacy of an oral inactivated <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> vaccine in a field environment with cage-cultured Asian seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) at Pulau Ketam, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. Fish were divided into two groups: (1) a vaccinated group fed a commercial diet supplemented with formalin-killed <i>V. harveyi</i> (10⁸ CFU/mL) and palm oil as an adjuvant and (2) a placebo control group fed a commercial diet supplemented with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and palm oil adjuvant. The vaccine was administered orally at weeks 0, 2, and 6 for three consecutive days at a dosage of 4% of the fish’s body weight. Immune-related gene expression, including dendritic cells (DCs), complement factor 3 (C3), chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and immunoglobulin-T (IgT), was significantly upregulated (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in vaccinated fish compared to controls, with peak expression observed following booster doses. At week 10, a laboratory challenge trial with <i>V. harveyi</i> (1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) demonstrated an 80% relative percentage survival (RPS) in the vaccinated group, whereas the unvaccinated group exhibited 100% mortality. In addition, vaccinated fish displayed reduced clinical signs following infection. These findings highlight the potential of oral inactivated <i>V. harveyi</i> vaccines to induce robust immune responses and confer effective protection against vibriosis in Asian seabass. This approach provides a practical and scalable solution for disease management in marine aquaculture, improving health outcomes and productivity for fish farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/5794569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Bioflocs Enriched With Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus sp. on the Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a Biofloc Technology System","authors":"Karen Gaz-Miranda,&nbsp;Emmanuel Villanueva-Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Luis R. Martínez-Córdova,&nbsp;Diana Fimbres-Olivarría,&nbsp;Gabriela Ulloa-Mercado,&nbsp;Kadiya Calderón","doi":"10.1155/are/3824030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/3824030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture faces significant challenges, including water pollution and low productivity in traditional systems. Biofloc technology (BFT) offers a sustainable alternative by recycling nutrients and improving water quality. The present study assessed the efficacy of bioflocs enriched with the freshwater microalgae such as <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> and <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) culture. Four treatments were tested; the biofloc systems were inoculated with i) control group without microalgae inoculation, ii) <i>C. sorokiniana</i> in an initial density of 1 × 10⁶ cells/mL, iii) <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. (1 × 10⁶ cells/mL), and iv) mixed culture (1 × 10⁶ cells/mL for each species). Growth performance, proximal composition of bioflocs, hematological parameters, and water quality were analyzed. Results demonstrated that treatment with <i>C. sorokiniana</i> achieved the highest biomass (6.9 × 10⁶ cells/mL) compared to the treatment with <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp., (2.8 × 10⁶ cells/mL) as well as better nutritional composition in <i>C. sorokiniana</i> treatment. Tilapia reared in the <i>C. sorokiniana</i> biofloc system showed significantly higher final body weight (63.51 g), weight gain (WG; 55.77 g), specific growth rate (SGR; 3.01% day⁻¹), and improved feed utilization (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to the control and other treatments. This treatment also optimized water quality, reducing nitrite levels to 2.68 mg/L, compared to 4.27 mg/L in the control group. Hematological parameters did not differ significantly among treatments, indicating no adverse physiological effects. The mixed algae biofloc treatment yielded no synergistic benefits, likely due to interspecies competition. Overall, the incorporation of <i>C. sorokiniana</i>-enriched bioflocs significantly enhances tilapia performance and water quality, demonstrating their potential for sustainable aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/3824030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Transcriptomic and 16S rRNA Sequencing Analyses Reveal Gut Responses of Phascolosoma esculenta to Low-Salinity Stress","authors":"Binxin Cai,&nbsp;Weiqing Huang,&nbsp;Fengfang Zhou,&nbsp;Shaojiang Ruan,&nbsp;Siyu zeng","doi":"10.1155/are/3716980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/3716980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Phascolosoma esculenta</i> (<i>P. esculenta</i>) is a benthic marine invertebrate endemic to China, and abrupt salinity shifts in aquaculture environment often cause mass mortality. In this study, individuals were divided into three salinity treatments: S20 (salinity 20), S10 (salinity 10), and S6 (salinity 6). Histological examination, enzyme activity assays, gut microbiota 16S rRNA sequencing, and transcriptome profiling were integrated to comprehensively evaluate intestinal responses to low-salinity stress. After 30 days exposure, low-salinity induced pronounced intestinal injury, including thinning of the mucosal layer (ML), villus collapse, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations showed a gradual elevation across groups (S20, S10, and S6), rising from 2.91 to 4.97 nmol/mg prot. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity peaked at 37.23 U/mg prot in the S10, compared with 25.19 U/mg prot in the S20 and 29.36 U/mg prot in the S6, indicating activation of antioxidant defenses under moderate stress but exhaustion under severe stress. Acid phosphatase (ACP) activity declined from 4.32 U/mg prot (S20) to 3.99 U/mg prot (S10) and 3.02 U/mg prot (S6). Similarly, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity dropped from 1.33 U/mg prot (S20) to 1.03 U/mg prot (S6), reflecting suppressed immune function. Gut microbiota analysis showed significantly reduced Shannon diversity in the S6, with community composition shifting from Firmicutes/Bacteroidota toward Proteobacteria. Transcriptome analysis identified 125, 364, and 413 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the S10 vs. S20, S6 vs. S20, and S6 vs. S10 comparisons, respectively, which were primarily enriched in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways such as TNF signaling, RIG-I-like receptor signaling, and osteoclast differentiation. In summary, <i>P. esculenta</i> can maintain homeostasis by activating the antioxidant system under moderate low-salinity stress. However, under severe low-salinity conditions, it exhibits activated inflammatory responses, reprogrammed amino acid metabolism, and excessive activation of apoptosis, ultimately leading to severe damage to the intestinal barrier. This study elucidates the salinity tolerance mechanisms of this species from an omics perspective, providing important insights for its healthy aquaculture and selective breeding for salinity tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/3716980","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Functional Microbial Products Have Not Replaced Antibiotics in Aquaculture: Evidence, Failure Modes, and a Path to Responsible Use","authors":"Mavindu Muthoka,&nbsp;Abdul Noor Luttamaguzi,&nbsp;Esther Magondu,&nbsp;Ivan Abaho,&nbsp;John Joseph Kisakye,&nbsp;Papius Dias Tibihika,&nbsp;Domitila Kyule,&nbsp;John Walakira,&nbsp;Catherine Agoe,&nbsp;Jonathan Munguti,&nbsp;Nasser Kasozi,&nbsp;Jerome Kubiriba,&nbsp;Gerald Kwikiriza","doi":"10.1155/are/4746703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/4746703","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture is a key to global food and nutrition security, but intensification has increased disease pressure, antibiotic use, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and wider One Health concerns. Functional microbial products (FMPs), including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and paraprobiotics, are widely promoted as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. However, their growing use has not resulted in sustained replacement of antibiotics in commercial aquaculture practice. This review examined why this gap persists and what conditions are required for these products to contribute credibly to antibiotic reduction. A PRISMA-guided systematic review was conducted across major scientific databases, yielding 654 records, of which 97 studies were retained for qualitative synthesis. The evidence shows that FMPs can improve growth, feed efficiency, immune response, disease resistance, survival, and, in some systems, water quality. Beyond these performance outcomes, the review identifies host immune modulation as a central biological pathway linking FMPs to disease resilience, particularly through mucosal barrier reinforcement, innate immune priming, activation of humoral and cellular defenses, cytokine and inflammatory regulation, antioxidant protection, and stabilization of the host–microbiome axis. Probiotics had the strongest overall evidence base, synbiotics showed the most consistent combined gains across growth, immunity, and survival, while postbiotics emerged as promising options because of their stability and biosafety advantages. However, direct evidence of sustained farm-level reductions in antibiotic use remains limited. Multiple interlinked constraints explain this gap including biophysical stress in production systems, inconsistent product quality, misaligned application practices, mechanistic uncertainty, biosafety risk, and weak diagnostic, advisory, and regulatory systems. Overall, FMPs are best understood as preventive and resilience-building tools rather than direct therapeutic substitutes for antibiotics. Meaningful antibiotic reduction will depend less on product substitution alone and more on integrating these products into stronger health-management systems supported by quality control (QC), clear deployment protocols, diagnostics, advisory services, and enabling regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/4746703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Performance of Dormitator latifrons to a Water Quality Index Across Three Tropical Aquaculture Systems","authors":"Carlos Ricardo Delgado-Villafuerte,&nbsp;Ana Gonzalez-Martinez,&nbsp;Kayna Marilyn Hidalgo-Zambrano,&nbsp;Cecilio Barba,&nbsp;Anton García","doi":"10.1155/are/7335663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/7335663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding how integrated water quality relates to fish growth is essential for improving the sustainability of tropical aquaculture systems. This study evaluated the relationship between integrated water quality and growth performance of chame (<i>Dormitator latifrons</i>) cultured under commercial conditions in three tropical aquaculture systems: aquaponic system (APS), recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs), and conventional earthen pond (CEP). Water quality was synthesized using the Dinius water quality index (WQI), and its association with final fish length was analyzed using a general linear model (GLM) including production system, WQI, and their interaction. The WQI showed a positive and significant association with fish growth. In addition, the interaction between system type and WQI was significant (<i>p</i> = 0.032), indicating that the relationship between environmental quality and growth differed among production systems. APS showed the strongest positive association between WQI and fish growth, whereas RAS exhibited a weaker and nonsignificant pattern. Collectively, the findings suggest that integrated environmental quality is associated with growth performance in <i>Dormitator latifrons</i>, although the magnitude of this relationship varies according to production system architecture. This study provides a comparative framework for integrating environmental indicators into growth analyses under tropical aquaculture systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/7335663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of GnRHa and LHRH-A2 on Reproductive Performance and Associated Gut Microbiota Changes During Induced Spawning in Small Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys polyactis)","authors":"Weihua Hu,&nbsp;Haidong Li,&nbsp;Xinzheng Fang,&nbsp;Ruiyi Chen,&nbsp;Xunjun Chai,&nbsp;Dongdong Xu,&nbsp;Wanchang Zhang","doi":"10.1155/are/5140573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/5140573","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exogenous hormonal induction is widely used to overcome reproductive failure in captive fish. The small yellow croaker (<i>Larimichthys polyactis</i>), an economically valuable marine species, fails to spawn spontaneously under controlled indoor conditions. This limitation poses a significant bottleneck for large-scale seed production and sustainable aquaculture development. In this study, we comparatively evaluated the effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRH-A₂) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) on reproductive performance, endocrine responses, and associated intestinal microbiota changes in <i>L. polyactis</i>. Both hormonal treatments significantly increased serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), accompanied by elevated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-immunoreactive signals compared with saline controls, thereby effectively inducing final oocyte maturation and spawning. Hormone treatment significantly improved spawning rate, fertilization rate, and hatching success, confirming that exogenous stimulation is indispensable for successful reproduction in <i>L. polyactis</i>. Although fertilization and hatching rates were comparable between LHRH-A₂ and GnRH treatments, the GnRH-treated group produced significantly higher total spawning egg weight and exhibited more synchronized ovulation. Intestinal microbial analysis revealed stage-dependent changes in community composition, with increased operational taxonomic units (OTUs) richness and α-diversity observed during the spawning phase, particularly in the LHRH-A₂-treated group compared with the control. Correlation analysis showed positive associations between microbial diversity, fecundity, and circulating hormone levels. These results demonstrate that both LHRH-A₂ and GnRHa are effective inducing agents for controlled spawning in <i>L. polyactis</i>. Notably, the superior egg output and ovulation synchrony achieved with GnRHa highlight its practical advantages for improving reproductive efficiency and reliability in hatchery production, making it a promising option for broodstock management in marine aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/5140573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Off-Bottom Rearing of Olympia Oysters (Ostrea lurida) on Growth, Survival, Thermal Buffering, Barnacle Fouling, and Microbiomes","authors":"Jonathan S. F. Lee,&nbsp;Ryan N. Crim,&nbsp;Stuart Ryan,&nbsp;Brian L. Allen,&nbsp;Rachel Dalthorp,&nbsp;Elizabeth Tobin,&nbsp;Jamal T. Sheriff,&nbsp;Rachel S. Poretsky,&nbsp;Melissa L. Pierce","doi":"10.1155/are/9950593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/9950593","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Off-bottom rearing can improve growth and survival for a range of oyster species, but most commercial Olympia oyster culture utilizes on-bottom bags. This is likely due to several reasons, including concerns about sensitivity to extreme temperatures and desiccation. This study compared off-bottom and on-bottom rearing methods across a range of densities, sites, and seasons in Puget Sound, Washington. There were trade-offs between the two methods and the different rearing densities. Lower oyster densities produced higher growth and survival but increased barnacle fouling. Generally, growth and survival were higher in off-bottom treatments, but the magnitude of the benefit varied by site. Temperature differences between off-bottom and on-bottom treatments may have played a role in these results. Off-bottom oysters experienced cooler temperatures when exposed to air during low tide, providing some buffer against summer heat but also exposing them to colder extremes in the winter. Barnacle fouling was much higher in off-bottom treatments at two of the three sites. Site-specific temperature and barnacle dynamics might influence the relative advantages of off-bottom rearing. Differences in the microbiomes between off-bottom and on-bottom oysters likely reflected environmental differences and have potential for contributing to oyster growth and survival. A hybrid approach that combines off-bottom and on-bottom methods could potentially optimize these trade-offs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/9950593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic-Enriched Live Food Improves Growth, Gut Health, and Fatty Acid Profile in Sobaity Seabream (Sparidentex hasta) Larvae","authors":"Reza Gamoori,&nbsp;Kamil Mert Eryalçın,&nbsp;Vahid Morshedi,&nbsp;Omid Safari,&nbsp;Mehdi Dashtebozorg,&nbsp;Mojtaba Najafabadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Nematollahi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Hosseinpour Delavar,&nbsp;Çiğdem Ürkü","doi":"10.1155/are/6462306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/6462306","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the effects of three probiotic strains (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>, and <i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i>) on growth performance, survival rate, digestive physiology, antioxidant defense, fatty acid composition, and intestinal development of sobaity seabream (<i>Sparidentex hasta</i>) larvae over a 40-day rearing period. Larvae were assigned to five treatments: Control, <i>Bacillus</i> (Bac), <i>Lactobacillus</i> (Lac), <i>Pediococcus</i> (Pedi), and a mixed-probiotic group (Mix), and were fed rotifers and Artemia enriched with the corresponding probiotics. Probiotic supplementation significantly influenced larval performance and physiological markers across all treatments (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The Bac group exhibited significantly higher growth performance, reaching 15.62 ± 0.62 mm in length and 1072.13 ± 51.5 mg in weight by 40 days posthatch (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The Lac group also achieved a high final weight (1103.7 ± 153 mg; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), albeit with a lower standard length (SL). Although the Pedi group demonstrated the highest digestive enzyme activity (e.g., lipase 1.39 ± 0.01 nmol/mg protein; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and antioxidant status (e.g., superoxide dismutase [SOD] 2.8 ± 0.02 nmol/mg protein; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), these physiological improvements were not directly associated with superior growth performance. The mixed-strain group recorded the highest crude protein (21.41% ± 1.06%) and lipid (3.1% ± 0.87%) levels at 40 DPH (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), despite exhibiting suboptimal weight gain. Fatty acid analysis revealed that the Bac treatment resulted in the highest docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (1.91% ± 0.24%) and EPA (3.37% ± 0.07%) concentrations and the most favorable <i>n</i> − 3/<i>n</i> − 6 ratio (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Histological analysis revealed significant differences in intestinal morphology at 40 DPH (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The highest mucosal layer thickness (MLT) was observed in the Lac (12.23 ± 2.1 μm) group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas the lowest value occurred in the Pedi group (4.67 ± 0.96 μm) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Crypt depth (CD) was greatest in the Bac group (28.27 ± 2.88 μm), followed by Lac (16.71 ± 1.9 μm) and Pedi (14.52 ± 5.2 μm) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).These findings suggest that probiotic effects in larval sobaity seabream are strain-specific, with <i>B. subtilis</i> demonstrating the greatest potential to improve growth, nutrient assimilation, and early intestinal development in marine aquaculture systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/6462306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated use of Metallothionein and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers to Evaluate the Efficacy of Dietary Antioxidants in Alleviating Heavy Metal Toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"Israa J. Hakeem,&nbsp;Najiah M. Alyamani,&nbsp;M. Mohery,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Hassan,&nbsp;Marwa A. Hassan,&nbsp;Yahia Youssef Mosleh","doi":"10.1155/are/8391296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/8391296","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of combined heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd) exposure on <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>, as well as the mitigating effect of single vitamin E or vitamin E mixed with selenium, vitamins A and C for 1, 3, 7, or 15 days. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) was used to integrate oxidative stress indicators (metallothionein, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation), antioxidant biomarkers (total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), total oxidative capacity (TOC), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)), thereby facilitating their interpretation. The heavy metals (HMs) group had the highest IBR Version 2 (IBRv2) score, followed by the HMs + Vit E group and, finally, the HMs + Se–Vit ACE group. In terms of the day’s impact, the HMs group had a cumulative rise in IBRv2 scores, whereas the other treatments showed a reversed trend. In terms of organ response, liver tissues had higher IBRv2. <i>O. niloticus</i> exposed to combined HMs had a detrimental effect on oxidative damage markers in the liver and gill tissues. Vitamin E alone, as well as a combination of Se with vitamins A, C, and E, appeared to minimize metal toxicity. The impact of HM exposure and the dietary addition of Se + Vit ACE exceeded that of vitamin E alone. An integrated approach based on fish biomarkers provides a precise method for analyzing the biological effects of HM exposure and the effectiveness of supplements in their restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/8391296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial Replacement of Fish Meal With Soy Protein Concentrates and Poultry Byproduct Meal for Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Post-Smolts Reared in a Recirculating Aquaculture System","authors":"Seong-Mok Jeong,&nbsp;Hwa Yong Oh,&nbsp;Se Hwan Kim,&nbsp;Mun Chang Park,&nbsp;Young Wook Kim,&nbsp;Kang Da Ye,&nbsp;Tae Hoon Lee,&nbsp;Do Hyun Kwon,&nbsp;Bo Sung Gu,&nbsp;Gyoungsik Kang,&nbsp;Hyeong Jin Roh,&nbsp;Ju-Sung Kim,&nbsp;Su-Bhin Jeong,&nbsp;Woon-Chul Kang,&nbsp;Hee Sung Kim,&nbsp;Byung Hwa Min","doi":"10.1155/are/6656523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/6656523","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the effects of partially replacing fish meal (FM) with a balanced mixture of poultry byproduct meal (PBM) and soy protein concentrate (SPC) on the growth, physiological responses, and economic performance of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) post-smolts reared in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). In total, four extruded diets were tested for 12 weeks: two experimental formulations—high-FM control, experimental diet (ED)1; 25% FM replaced with PBM + SPC, ED2—and two commercial reference feeds. Growth performance, feed efficiency (FE), and survival were statistically comparable across treatments, indicating that PBM–SPC inclusion did not compromise nutrient utilization. The proximate composition, amino acid (AA) profile, and lipid deposition in fish stabilized. The PBM–SPC diet maintained a favorable n-3/n-6 fatty acid (FA) ratio and a high retention of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) comparable to FM-based feeds. Plasma biochemical indices and digestive enzyme activities were unaffected, demonstrating normal hepatic and metabolic function. Among diets, plasma antioxidant enzyme activities and serum lysozyme levels were similar, suggesting a maintenance of oxidative stress and immune balance. Expression of hepatic genes interleukin-1 beta (<i>IL-1β</i>), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (<i>TNF-α</i>), <i>IL-10</i>, FA synthetase (<i>FAS</i>), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (<i>PPARα</i>) confirmed that the PBM–SPC diet did not trigger any inflammatory or metabolic stress. However, histology revealed normal liver and intestinal morphology without signs of steatosis or enteritis. The PBM–SPC diet reduced feed costs and achieved a lower economic conversion ratio (ECR) while maintaining profitability equivalent to or greater than commercial feeds. Overall, the results demonstrate that partial substitution (25%) of FM with PBM and SPC sustains optimal growth, physiological stability, and economic efficiency of post-smolt <i>S</i>. <i>salar</i> under RAS conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/6656523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148462863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}