Aquaculture Research最新文献

{"title":"Modelling Gastric Evacuation Rates in Fish With a General Power Function: A Step-by-Step Guide to Parameter Estimation and Analysis Using R Statistical Software","authors":"Ömerhan Dürrani","doi":"10.1155/are/7309111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/7309111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Accurate modelling of gastric evacuation (GE) is a prerequisite for optimising feeding strategies in aquaculture and improving predator–prey interaction models in ecological studies. However, GE analysis is challenging because of the interdependencies of the variables influencing the evacuation process. To overcome this, a general power function was developed in 1992 and refined in 1998 using non-linear regression techniques. The proposed method is robust for identifying the best-fit evacuation function while simultaneously assessing the effects of potential predictor variables. This study demonstrated the application of R statistical software for parameter estimation of the general power function to characterise the influence of fish size, meal size and temperature on GE rate (GER) in brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i> Linnaeus, 1758) and rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> Walbaum, 1792). The statistical methods presented are remarkably adaptable and applicable to a wide range of GE datasets. Furthermore, they can be extended to incorporate additional variables influencing GE, making them integral tools for advancing research in fisheries management, ecological modelling and aquaculture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/7309111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Seawater Temperature on the Performance of the Tropical Sea Urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816)","authors":"A. M. Lemus-Granados,&nbsp;M. A. Olivo-Cantillo,&nbsp;K. Medina-Lambraño,&nbsp;A. Rodríguez-Forero","doi":"10.1155/are/4003916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/4003916","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>As seawater temperatures rise in the ocean due to global temperature change, altered mean precipitation, and weather patterns, native species face uncertain futures. The alteration in thermal tolerance was assessed in wild-captured tropical sea urchins (<i>Lytechinus variegatus</i>) from the Caribbean Sea and then maintained under controlled conditions. Three experiments were performed: (1) favorable growth temperature: after maintaining wild sea urchins at three different seawater temperatures (22, 24 and 26°C) for 70 days, it was observed that 22°C was the best temperature for growth performance. Sea urchins showed daytime behavior (higher activity at 9:00−10:00 h), during this time period; (2) thermal preference (TP): determined with the help of a horizontal camera with a thermal gradient (19–30°C), it showed that the acclimation temperature influenced the TP of sea urchins, since a significantly higher number of animals opted for the temperature at which they had been acclimated; and (3) critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and critical thermal minimum (CTmin): sea urchins exposed to a progressive temperature change, starting from the acclimation temperature, tolerated the increase in temperature (up to 14°C) better than the decrease (up to 12°C). These results thus contribute to our knowledge of sea urchin thermal biology and provide information about the assessment of thermal comfort conditions in sea urchin farming.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/4003916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Bacillus Probiotics: An Approach for Vibrio Pathogen Control and Organic Sludge Management in Shrimp Aquaculture","authors":"Harikumar Sampath,&nbsp;Guruchandran Veerasamy,&nbsp;Rajalekshmi Mukkalil","doi":"10.1155/are/2767593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/2767593","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Probiotics are essential in shrimp aquaculture as they help improve water and soil quality, ultimately enhancing productivity. This study assesses the probiotic potential of six <i>Bacillus</i> strains by evaluating various functional traits. The inhibitory activity of culture supernatants from each strain was tested against two <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> strains and <i>V. vulnificus</i> using a growth kinetics assay. Additionally, the ability of these strains to degrade soil organic matter was evaluated by observing their growth in liquid media containing shrimp pond sludge. The strains were characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing and evaluated for carbohydrate fermentation profiles using an analytical profile index (API) system. Safety assessments included hemolysis, antibiotic sensitivity, and a toxicity assay using <i>Artemia salina</i>. Salinity tolerance was assessed through growth kinetics at varying salt concentrations. <i>Bacillus</i> strains PS1, PS2, and PS5 exhibited significant inhibition against <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>, while PS1, PS6, and PS5 effectively inhibited <i>V. vulnificus</i>. Strains PS1, PS2, PS5, and PS6 showed strong potential for sludge degradation. Identified as <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> PS1, <i>B. licheniformis</i> PS2, <i>B. subtilis</i> PS5, and <i>B. subtilis</i> PS6, these strains were non-hemolytic and sensitive to common antibiotics, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. High survival rates of <i>A. salina</i> in the presence of these <i>Bacillus</i> strains confirmed their safety for shrimp use. Additionally, these strains demonstrated growth across a wide salinity range (5–55 practical salinity units). This study supports the suitability and safety of <i>B. pumilus</i> PS1, <i>B. licheniformis</i> PS2, <i>B. subtilis</i> PS5, and <i>B. subtilis PS6</i> for shrimp aquaculture applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/2767593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Varying Salinity Levels on Growth, Antioxidant Defense, and Digestive Enzymes Activity of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Postlarvae Reared in the Biofloc System","authors":"Abbas Alizadeh,&nbsp;Amir Parviz Salati,&nbsp;Saeed Keyvanshokooh,&nbsp;Hamid Mohammadiazarm","doi":"10.1155/are/9997852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/9997852","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study evaluated the effects of different salinities on the growth and physiology of whiteleg shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) postlarvae reared in the biofloc system. A total of 4200 shrimps (PL20) were randomly distributed in 12 850 L biofloc (BFT) tanks (350 PL20 in each tank). Shrimps divided into four experimental groups in the biofloc system with salinities of 3 (BFT3), 8 (BFT8), 10 (BFT10), and 12 ppt (BFT12). Salinities were made by adding sea salt to tap water. During the rearing period, for the optimal growth and development of biofloc in the tanks, a carbon source (brown sugar and wheat flour in equal proportions) was calculated and added to the tanks to adjust the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (12:1). From the third to the sixth week of rearing, the water nitrate concentration was significantly higher in BFT12 and BFT10 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite concentration at different sampling times did not show significant differences among experimental groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). After 6 weeks, salinity had no effect on the growth indices including final weight, weight gain (WG), WG rate, specific growth rate (SGR), and survival (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The highest levels of intestinal amylase (28.97 ± 3.46 U/mg protein) and protease (13.28 ± 2.19 U/mg protein) activities were also observed in the BFT3 group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while lipase activity did not changed. Muscle glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity did not show significant differences among the experimental treatments (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). On the other hand, the highest superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was observed in BFT10 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Body proximate composition of <i>L. vannamei</i> was not significantly different in experimental groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Our findings showed that biofloc system could overcome the reported adverse effects of salinity on <i>L. vannamei</i> growth and possibility of rearing <i>L. vannamei</i> in low salinity in the biofloc system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/9997852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Microalgal-Based Diets on Growth, Proximate, Fatty Acid, and Amino Acid Profiles in Daphnia magna","authors":"Kamil Mert Eryalçın,&nbsp;Yusuf Gufran Zeybek","doi":"10.1155/are/9955712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/9955712","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Water flea (<i>Daphnia magna</i>) is an important live prey species for feeding larvae and juvenile fish and is also used as a feed ingredient in aquaculture. The growth performance and nutritional content of <i>D. magna</i> can be enhanced by diets. In this study, one freshwater microalgae <i>Euglena gracilis</i> (EG), one marine microalgae <i>Pavlova lutheri</i> (PL), and four commercial dried microalgal-based diets (Algome [dried <i>Schizochytrium</i> sp.], Naturiga [dried <i>Spirulina platensis</i>], ProteinPlus [PP] and AlgomeGrow [dried <i>Chlorella</i> sp.]) were evaluated for <i>Daphnia</i> production. Higher survival (68%) was supported by the PP diet, and total length was improved by using fresh microalgae EG. Algome (8.91%) and PP (8.77%) diets had resulted in higher crude lipid content, whereas the highest crude protein was obtained by the Naturiga diet (55.66%) in <i>D. magna</i>. <i>D.magna</i> fed Algome diet showed the highest docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) accumulation, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) level was enhanced by PP and arachidonic acid (ARA) level was only supported by Naturiga diet. A strong correlation was observed between certain fatty acid groups (Oleic acid, <i>Ʃ</i> n-3, and <i>Ʃ</i> n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids [HUFAs]) in the <i>D. magna</i> body and diets. In terms of essential amino acid contents of <i>D. magna</i>, the AlgomeGrow diet had the best performance at the end of the experiment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/9955712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Stress Effects Over Time on the Stress Axis in the Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Brain","authors":"Constanze Pietsch,&nbsp;Paulina Pawlak,&nbsp;Jonathan Konrad","doi":"10.1155/are/1121460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/1121460","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study investigates gene expression profiles over time in the brain of juvenile carp subjected to several acute stressors, which have not yet been investigated in such detail in this fish species so far. A stress trial with carp was conducted aiming at identifying relevant differences in gene expressions 30, 60, and 90 min after treatment. Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression of hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal (HPI)-related axis genes and immediate early genes (IEGs) across four different brain parts (telencephalon, hypothalamus, optic tectum, rhombencephalon). Our findings show that acute stress resulted in pronounced effects on the gene expression patterns in all brain parts between control fish or fish sampled 30, 60, or 90 min after stress application. Furthermore, the gene regulation patterns in feed rewarded and feed control fish frequently show differences to the gene expression patterns of confined and air-exposed fish. These results provide new insights into the dynamics of stress-induced gene regulation in fish, emphasizing the complexity and specificity of the HPI axis response to different stressors over time.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/1121460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing the Role of Nanoparticles in Core Fields of Aquaculture: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Challenges","authors":"Md. Naim Mahmud,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahfujul Haque","doi":"10.1155/are/6897333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/6897333","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in aquaculture has emerged as a promising frontier to enhance productivity, sustainability, and environmental stewardship. This comprehensive review explores the integration of NPs across core fields of aquaculture, including nutrition, health management, water treatment, breeding performance, sex manipulation, and waste management. NPs offer innovative solutions for improving fish growth rates, enhancing feed efficiency, and providing targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) to combat diseases. The antimicrobial properties of NPs effectively target and eliminate bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. NPs play a critical role in improving water quality by removing pollutants and pathogens, promoting a healthier aquaculture environment. They also aid in waste management by breaking down and recycling waste, reducing the ecological footprint of aquaculture. However, concerns about the toxicity of NPs present significant challenges. Future directions point to the importance of thorough risk assessments, the establishment of regulatory guidelines, and the adoption of sustainable approaches to fully leverage the advantages of NPs in aquaculture. Further research is essential to understand the long-term impacts and safety of NPs in aquatic ecosystems. Addressing the issues above, the aquaculture industry can leverage NPs to adopt more sustainable and efficient practices, ensuring both food security and environmental protection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/6897333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Algal Turf Scrubber Biomass in Sea Urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) Diets","authors":"Magnus Krever,&nbsp;Kosta Tzanis,&nbsp;Destiny Sauls,&nbsp;Ryan Gerald,&nbsp;Michelle Lowery,&nbsp;Henna Gavem,&nbsp;Anthony Siccardi","doi":"10.1155/are/7950801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/7950801","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study evaluated the growth indices in sea urchins fed varying levels of algal turf scrubber (ATS) biomass for the partial replacement of dietary menhaden fishmeal. Juvenile <i>Lytechinus variegatus</i> were fed four formulated diets with differentiating levels of ATS biomass (10%, 10%, 20%, and 50%). Biomass was harvested from two ATS systems, one receiving treated wastewater effluent and the other incorporated into a hydroponics system. A 12-week growth trial was conducted, and each sea urchin (<i>n</i> = 100) was weighed and fed daily. Diets were formulated using Agri-Data Systems Pro 5 (Version 2.41, Agri-Data Systems). Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were prepared. At the end of the growth trial, no significant differences were found in final weight, final diameter, and survival across all diets. All treatments performed well based on condition level and higher levels of ATS biomass did not indicate reduced growth or dietary utilization. Final weights of dry test, and dry gut, were not significantly different between treatments, except for dry gonad compared with menhaden fish meal. These findings indicate that in sea urchin diets, partial replacement of fish meal with ATS biomass is well tolerated.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/7950801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Oxytetracycline on the Immune Response and Expression of Immune-Related Genes in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L. 1758)","authors":"Canan Öntaş Kurtboğan,&nbsp;Esin Baba,&nbsp;Menekşe Didem Demircan","doi":"10.1155/are/5777442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/5777442","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Antibiotics are extensively used in aquaculture to treat and prevent bacterial diseases, but their application can lead to negative side effects such as immunosuppression. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a widely used antibiotic in aquaculture for treating bacterial diseases due to its broad-spectrum activity and economic advantage. This study appraises the effects of OTC treatment on the immune response of European sea bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>, L. 1758) by assessing immune-related gene expression, serological parameters, hematological parameters, and histological findings. Fish were divided into three groups: control (fed with nonsupplemented OTC), 75 mg OTC kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ feed, and 100 mg OTC kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ feed for 21 days. Blood and tissue samples were collected for analysis on the 4th, 7th, 10th, 14th, and 21st day of OTC feeding. The results showed a decrease in immune response parameters such as nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) positive cell, total white blood cells (WBCs), serum lysozyme activity, serum Ig-M levels, and serum complement activity for OTC-fed fish, while immune-related genes (<i>Lys-g</i>, <i>Ig-M</i>, interleukin (<i>IL</i>)-<i>1β</i>, <i>C3</i>, and major histocompatibility complex [<i>MHC</i>]<i>–IIα</i>) were significantly downregulated in kidney and spleen tissues, especially with prolonged exposure. The study hypothesized that long-term use of antibiotics in fish disrupts the functioning of the immune system. As a result of the study, the hypothesis was confirmed, and using OTC for longer than the normal treatment period or in high doses caused negative changes in the immune system parameters and made fish more susceptible to other pathogens.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/5777442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and Localization of Piwil1 During Gonadal Development in Monopterus albus","authors":"Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Yongzhi Li,&nbsp;Mei Chen,&nbsp;Jiali Jin,&nbsp;Huamei Yue,&nbsp;Huan Ye,&nbsp;Rui Ruan,&nbsp;Chuangju Li","doi":"10.1155/are/8161999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/8161999","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>PIWI proteins and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are crucial for gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and stem cell maintenance in animals. The <i>Piwil1</i> (<i>Piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1</i>) gene has rapidly evolved in the protogynous hermaphrodite ricefield eel (<i>Monopterus albus</i>) compared to other teleosts. Notably, there is a significant reduction in DNA methylation levels and an increase in the expression levels of the <i>Piwil1</i> gene in testes compared to those in ovaries. However, the role of <i>Piwil1</i> in the gonadogenesis of ricefield eel remains unclear. This study elucidated the histomorphological characteristics of ricefield eel gonads at different developmental stages and analyzed the expression and localization of <i>Piwil1</i> using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Histological analysis showed that the female gonad contained oocytes at different developmental stages, the intersex gonad had both ovarian and testicular tissues, and the male gonad included spermatogenic cells and testicular lobules. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot indicated significantly higher <i>Piwil1</i> expression in the ovary, intersexual gonad, and testis compared to other tissues, with levels increasing during gonadal differentiation and peaking in the testis. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the PIWIL1 protein was abundantly localized in the cytoplasm of immature oocytes, granulosa cells surrounding the oocytes, spermatogonia, and primary spermatocytes. Importantly, in both the ovary and testis, the expression of <i>Piwil1</i> initially increased but then decreased at the mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that <i>Piwil1</i> might play a crucial role in gonadal development and gametogenesis in ricefield eels.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/8161999","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}