Aquaculture Reports最新文献

{"title":"Dietary replacement of fish meal with chaya (Cnidoscolus chayamansa) meal improves growth, fillet fatty acid profile, and coloration in hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × C. gariepinus)","authors":"Anurak Khieokhajonkhet ,&nbsp;Prakaidao Khumphrem ,&nbsp;Pollawat Panjasee ,&nbsp;Niran Aeksiri ,&nbsp;Kumrop Ratanasut ,&nbsp;Shugo Watabe ,&nbsp;Wilasinee Inyawilert ,&nbsp;Wutiporn Phromkunthong","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of fish meal (FM) with <em>Cnidoscolus chayamansa</em> leaf meal (CLM) on growth, carcass composition, coloration, total carotenoids, hematology, and histology in <em>C. macrocephalus</em> × <em>C. gariepinus</em>. The control diet with FM as the main protein source was replaced by CLM at 0, 90, 185, and 277 g/kg (CLM0 - CLM277). Triplicate groups of 20 fish were fed the experimental diets twice daily for 10 weeks. Results showed that dietary inclusion of CLM linearly and quadratically increased final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, protein productive value, with a linear effect observed for protein efficiency ratio. The CLM90 group exhibited higher growth compared to those in the other groups, while the CLM277 group showed no significant difference from the control group. However, dietary inclusion of CLM resulted in a slight linear increase in feed conversion ratio. CLM inclusion significantly increased 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3 fatty acids by 3.71- and 1.36-fold in the CLM277 and CLM185 groups, respectively, versus the control group. Coloration significantly increased <em>b*</em> values (yellowness) in the dorsal, ventral, and muscle regions, as well as in <em>L*</em> values (luminosity) in the ventral region and muscle. Fish fed CLM277 also had higher total carotenoid content in the fin, liver, and serum. Hemoglobin, total protein, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased with increasing CLM levels, while globulin and red blood cell exhibited linear or quadratic effects. Histology showed a mild vacuolization and nuclei displacement in hepatocytes of the CLM185 group, with more pronounced effects in the CLM277 group. Our results indicate that dietary inclusion of CLM at 90 g/kg showed the highest growth performance, while dietary inclusion levels up to 277 g/kg were able to economically replace fish meal without compromising growth in hybrid catfish. However, some histological changes in hepatocytes were observed. Additionally, dietary inclusion of CLM also improved 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3 fatty acid contents in the edible muscle, improved coloration and total carotenoid in hybrid catfish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary Phaffia rhodozyma on the growth, immunity, antioxidant activity, and digestive tract microbiota of juvenile Strongylocentrotus intermedius","authors":"Yuchun Lu ,&nbsp;Teng Teng ,&nbsp;Yiwen Lan ,&nbsp;Zi-Ao Ren ,&nbsp;Yu Du ,&nbsp;Feng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</em> is a commercially valuable aquaculture species. <em>Phaffia rhodozyma</em>, a yeast rich in astaxanthin and β-glucans, has immune-enhancing and antioxidant properties in aquatic animals; however, its effects on <em>S. intermedius</em> remain underexplored. Here, we examined how <em>P. rhodozyma</em> affects growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and digestive tract microbiota in juvenile <em>S. intermedius</em>. Juveniles (480) were assigned to four dietary groups: control (C, 0 %), low (L, 0.8 %), medium (M, 1.6 %), and high (H, 3.2 %) supplementation, for 60 days. Group M exhibited significant improvements in specific growth rates of shell diameter and body weight (SGRSD and SGRBW, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), digestive tract index (DTI, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and digestive enzyme activities (PEP, LPS, AMS, and CL, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Group L showed enhanced immune enzyme activities (ACP, AKP, and LZM, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, Group H demonstrated suppressed growth, digestive function, and immune response, and elevated MDA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed that Groups L and M had higher microbial diversity and beneficial taxa (e.g., Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota); Group H had elevated potential pathogens (e.g., Pseudomonadota). Functional prediction indicated that moderate supplementation enriched pathways related to cell growth and immunity, whereas high supplementation activated stress-related pathways. Overall, <em>P. rhodozyma</em> exerted dose-dependent effects on <em>S. intermedius</em>: 1.6 % optimally promoted growth, digestive health, and microbial homeostasis; 0.8 % enhanced immunity and antioxidant status; and 3.2 % produced adverse effects, including inhibited growth. These findings support the application of <em>P. rhodozyma</em> in sustainable aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional regulation of osmoregulatory and metabolic responses to low salinity in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii): Roles of dietary DHA and EPA","authors":"Keyi Huang ,&nbsp;Yingying Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenli Zhao ,&nbsp;Yangguang Bao ,&nbsp;Xuan Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Sun ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhu ,&nbsp;Qicun Zhou ,&nbsp;Min Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DHA and EPA are pivotal for fish physiological functions. This study investigated the effects of dietary DHA+EPA levels on osmoregulation, lipid utilization, and energy metabolism in juvenile black seabream (<em>Acanthopagrus schlegelii</em>) under low salinity environment (5 psu). Different dietary levels of DHA + EPA were formulated (D1 = 10.48, D2 = 18.53, D3 = 25.77, D4 = 31.47, D5 = 38.81 mg/g; DHA/EPA ≈ 1:1) were fed to fish (initial body weight: 15.08 ± 0.02 g) for 8 weeks. Results showed that WG and SGR were markedly higher in D5 group compared to D1. The DHA+EPA contents in liver and muscle were markedly elevated with increasing dietary levels, peaking in D5. Gill expression of osmoregulatory genes (<em>ostf1</em>, <em>aqp1</em>) was markedly downregulated in the D3 group relative to D1, indicating improved osmoregulatory adaptation. Hepatic expression of lipolysis-related genes (<em>atgl</em>, <em>hsl</em>, <em>lpl</em>) peaked in the D2, whereas lipogenesis-related genes (<em>fas</em>, <em>accα</em>), showed the lowest expression in D4. The D2 group also exhibited the highest mRNA levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes and an increased number of hepatic mitochondria. The D4 group significantly elevated hepatic antioxidants (T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, GSH), while D3 showed highest serum T-AOC and SCHR, accompanied by the lowest MDA levels in both liver and serum. Furthermore, hepatic antioxidant gene expression was markedly upregulated at dietary DHA+EPA levels of 18.53–25.77 mg/g. These findings show that moderate dietary DHA+EPA supplementation (18.53–25.77 mg/g) promotes mitochondrial function, antioxidant defense, and osmoregulatory efficiency in juvenile black seabream under low-salinity conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of spectral variations on the gut microbiota of Tripneustes gratilla (collector urchin)","authors":"Yi-Jui Hsieh ,&nbsp;Tai-Chun Huang ,&nbsp;Feng-Jie Su ,&nbsp;Hsiu-Hua Chang ,&nbsp;Yung-Song Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The population of <em>Tripneustes gratilla</em> (the collector urchin) has declined significantly due to overfishing, prompting researchers to explore aquaculture as a potential solution. However, the effects of different light conditions on the breeding of <em>T. gratilla</em> remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the impact of LED lighting on the bacterial composition of sea urchin culture water and its intestinal microbiota under various lighting conditions. The initial size of the sea urchins used in the experiment was about 11 mm. The experiment was divided into three groups: full-spectrum, red- and blue-light, with three replicates in each group. The experiment lasted seven weeks, with a 12:12 LD cycle daily. After seven weeks, the sea urchins in the blue-light group had a higher survival rate (93.3 %), and the bacterial content in the culture water varied significantly among groups. The bacterial concentration in the water of the red-light group was notably higher, and its biofilm formation capacity was increased. Next-generation sequencing revealed distinct bacterial community compositions across different light conditions, with the red-light group showing lower bacterial diversity but greater total species richness. Sequencing of bacterial strains from the red-light group identified <em>Vibrio mediterranei</em> and <em>V. hangzhouensis</em>, both of which displayed significantly higher colony formation rates under red light. In conclusion, these findings suggest that a long-wavelength environment may promote bacterial growth and influence the composition of the sea urchin's intestinal flora. However, short-wavelength environments may enhance the diversity of the flora. Juvenile sea urchin farming is conducted indoors with indirect lighting. This study suggests that specific wavelengths of light can be used to optimize aquaculture conditions and enhance the efficiency of cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary histamine on intestinal flora and immune response in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× E. lanceolatus♂)","authors":"Tao Cheng,&nbsp;Yumeng Zhang,&nbsp;Shuyan Chi,&nbsp;Shiwei Xie,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang,&nbsp;Beiping Tan,&nbsp;Junming Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since grouper feed is relatively rich in fish meal, it is susceptible to excessive histamine accumulation. In order to examine the effects of histamine on intestinal inflammation, apoptosis, non-specific immunity, and intestinal microbiota in hybrid grouper, seven isoproteic (50 %) and isolipidic (11 %) diets were created with histamine concentrations of 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, and 960 mg/kg (actual levels: 72.33, 99.56, 138.60, 225.35, 404.12, 662.12, and 1245.38 mg/kg). After 8 weeks of cultivation, the levels of intestinal and serum complements 3 and 4, as well as lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities, gradually declined as the amount of dietary histamine increased. Furthermore, the intestinal inflammation factors (including NF-κB-inducing kinase, nuclear factor-κB inhibitor kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B, interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase, ubiquitin-ligase enzyme, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, and tumor necrosis factor α) also gradually increased. Additionally, as dietary histamine level increased, the intestinal microbiota in the 225.35 and 1245.38 mg/kg histamine groups exhibited a significant reduction in both diversity and abundance compared to the control group. At the genus level, these groups showed a significant increase in the pathogenic bacteria <em>Ralstonia</em>, <em>Pseudomonas</em>, and <em>Prauserella</em>, along with a marked decrease in the probiotic bacterium <em>Cetobacterium</em>. In conclusion, a dietary histamine level exceeding 404.12 mg/kg resulted in a reduction of intestinal immunocompetence, while levels exceeding 662.12 mg/kg led to an increase in the intestinal inflammatory response. Therefore, the histamine content in hybrid grouper feed should not exceed 404 mg/kg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of glutamine dipeptide, plant essential oils, and Astragalus polysaccharide on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal health in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)","authors":"Xiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhan ,&nbsp;Yanting Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Hang ,&nbsp;Chaoxin Wang ,&nbsp;Shuichao Mi ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Minqiu Sun ,&nbsp;Lihua Yuan ,&nbsp;Manshan Lin ,&nbsp;Saiya Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Luo ,&nbsp;Dong Yu ,&nbsp;Xueming Hua ,&nbsp;Chuanming Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the most productive fish species in marine aquaculture in China, large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>) farming faces dual challenges: the frequent outbreak of diseases and increasing environmental pressures. While high-dose antibiotic treatments may offer short-term disease control, they contribute significantly to the development of drug resistance. Consequently, the development of eco-friendly and safe immune enhancers, along with the implementation of nutritional intervention strategies, has become a focal point of current research. This study investigated the combined effects of dietary supplementation with glutamine dipeptide (GLN), plant essential oil (PEO), and <em>Astragalus</em> polysaccharide (APS) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and gut microbiota of <em>L. crocea</em>. A 60-day feeding trial was conducted in sea cages with four dietary groups: control (basal diet), GLN (2 %), GLN+PEO (2 % GLN + 0.55 % PEO), and PEO+APS (0.55 % PEO + 0.1 % APS). Results indicated that GLN+PEO significantly improved the survival rate and enhanced liver antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GSH-PX, T-AOC) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). PEO+APS showed the strongest systemic antioxidant effect, reducing lipid peroxidation in serum and intestine while elevating lysozyme activity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). GLN alone protected against hepatic oxidative damage but had limited growth-promoting effects. Gut microbiota analysis revealed distinct restructuring, with PEO+APS maintaining higher microbial diversity and enriching beneficial genera (<em>Faecalibacterium</em>, <em>Bifidobacterium</em>), while GLN+PEO reduced microbial richness. These findings demonstrate that combinatorial additives (especially PEO+APS combination) offer superior benefits for enhancing health and stress resistance in intensive aquaculture, providing a sustainable alternative to antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mollusks as diets on mud crab Scylla paramamosain：Growth performance and muscle quality","authors":"Haoji Guo ,&nbsp;Haoran Zhang ,&nbsp;Huaming Liu ,&nbsp;Jiawei Wang ,&nbsp;Mingfei Feng ,&nbsp;Baojiao Chen ,&nbsp;Shaojian Chen ,&nbsp;Kun Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mud crab <em>Scylla paramamosain</em> is the largest marine-cultured crab in China, with prolific meat yield, unique flavor, and high nutritional content. The prevailing negative perceptions among farmers regarding the adaptability of mud crab to pelletized feeds have resulted in a continued reliance on natural diet. However, little is known about the effects on growth and muscle quality of mud crab fed natural diets. This study investigated the growth performance, textural properties and flavor indicators in muscle of <em>Scylla paramamosain</em> fed five commonly available low-value mollusks, such as <em>Potamocorbula amurensis, Corbicula fluminea, Perna viridis, Oncomelania hupensis,</em> and <em>Cipangopaludina chinensis</em>. After a 60-day trial, <em>Scylla paramamosain</em> fed <em>Potamocorbula amurensis</em> had the highest growth performance compared to those consuming other mollusks, particularly specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio. Texture analysis indicated that mud crab fed <em>Potamocorbula amurensis</em> enhanced the hardness, chewiness, and gumminess in muscle. Additionally, flavor profiling revealed significantly elevated umami and sweet levels in muscle of mud crab fed <em>Potamocorbula amurensis</em>. Collectively, these findings not only confirmed that <em>Potamocorbula amurensis</em> was a suitable natural diet for mud crab <em>Scylla paramamosain</em>, promoting both growth performance and muscle quality, but also provided a foundation for future explorations into the development of formulated diet in economically important crustacean species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological chronology and thermosensitive period of gonadal sex differentiation in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)","authors":"Zhen Meng ,&nbsp;Luyao Cheng ,&nbsp;Peng Hu ,&nbsp;Xinfu Liu ,&nbsp;Hesen Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Zhi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The turbot (<em>Scophthalmus maximus</em>), an economically significant marine flatfish with a ZW/ZZ sex determination system, exhibits marked sexual growth dimorphism favoring females, making all-female culture a key aquaculture objective. However, effective sex control requires precise understanding of gonadal differentiation timing and environmental influences. This study combined detailed histological analysis with systematic temperature manipulation to establish the chronology of gonadal development and identify the thermosensitive window for sex determination. Histological examination revealed that ovarian differentiation, marked by cavity formation, commenced at 45 days post-hatching (dph) (37.4 mm TL), preceding the appearance of meiotic oocytes at 65 dph. Testicular differentiation occurred later at 65 dph (50.4 mm TL), demonstrating delayed development compared to ovaries. Through controlled temperature exposures at different developmental stages, we identified a critical thermosensitive window spanning 28–54 dph (20.05–43.00 mm TL), with the most sensitive period confined to 28–40 dph (20.05–30.11 mm TL). Exposure to 25°C during this window induced significant masculinization, yielding up to 74.3 % phenotypic males, while maintaining 18°C throughout this period not only preserved a balanced 1:1 sex ratio but also supported optimal growth performance. These findings establish that the thermosensitive period precedes histological gonadal differentiation, indicating that sex determination in turbot occurs earlier than previously recognized and is strongly influenced by temperature during a defined developmental window. Our results provide crucial insights for developing temperature-based sex control protocols, enabling reliable production of all-female populations through precise thermal management during early juvenile stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding efficiency of predatory copepod on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theront and natural dietary composition in fish pond","authors":"LiJun Wang ,&nbsp;JinLong Li ,&nbsp;BingWen Xi ,&nbsp;Ting Qin ,&nbsp;Kai Chen ,&nbsp;Jun Xie ,&nbsp;BaoJuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</em> is a globally distributed, highly pathogenic ciliate of freshwater fish and threatens aquaculture worldwide. Biological control is an attractive alternative to traditional chemical methods, which face several limitations of efficacy and safety in fish farming. This study evaluated the predation efficiency of natural predators <em>Cyclops vicinus</em> and <em>Thermocyclops taihokuensis</em> on <em>I. multifiliis</em> theronts through indoor experiments, and determined the natural diet and dietary selectivity of <em>C. vicinus</em> in a fish pond using 18S rDNA metabarcoding. The results demonstrated that the two copepod predators clearly reduced theronts across concentrations of 10.0–166.7 cell/mL, with feeding rates ranging from 4.64 to 68.14 and 3.53–50.96 cell/ind/h under light, and 4.23–57.74 and 3.70–47.79 cell/ind/h under dark, respectively. Feeding rates of both predators increased with rising theront densities, and were concordant with Holling type II functional response curves. Light exposure significantly enhanced the feeding rate of <em>C. vicinus</em> on theronts under the experimental concentrations (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while no effect for <em>T. taihokuensis</em>. Comparative analyses showed that <em>C. vicinus</em> demonstrated significantly higher feeding rates than <em>T. taihokuensis</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), highlighting its superior predatory capability on theronts. Furthermore, 18S rDNA metabarcoding analysis of <em>C. vicinus</em> in situ dietary composition unveiled 34 eukaryotic taxa, confirming its generalist omnivorous diets, and Ivlev’s electivity index indicated positive selection for diatoms (E = 0.76), green algae (E = 0.31), rotifers (E = 0.87), and ciliates (E = 0.34). In conclusion, the findings suggest that <em>C. vicinus</em> could be used as a biocontrol agent against <em>I. multifiliis</em> infection in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chicken soluble hydrolysate, an excellent alternative to fishmeal in the diets of Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Xiang Si ,&nbsp;Chunfeng Yao ,&nbsp;Rouxin Wu ,&nbsp;Wanzhen Ma ,&nbsp;Yidan Sun ,&nbsp;Junming Deng ,&nbsp;Beiping Tan ,&nbsp;Haijun Liang ,&nbsp;Shuyan Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experiment evaluated the use of chicken soluble hydrolysate as a substitute for fishmeal in the diet of <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>, providing new ideas for the development and utilization of animal protein sources in aquaculture feed. On the basis of the control group (FM) feed, fishmeal was replaced by 5 % by mass with the addition of 5 % chicken soluble hydrolysate 1 (CSH1), 2 (CSH2), 3 (CSH3), and 4 (CSH4), to prepare five experimental feeds with isonitrogenous and isolipidic. These feeds were used to feed white shrimp (initial average weight of 0.23 ± 0.00 g) for 56 days. The results showed that the addition of CSH in the feed can effectively improve the growth performance of shrimp. The weight gain rate of the FM group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p &lt; 0.05), and the final body weight, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and lipid efficiency ratio were significantly lower than those of the CSH1, CSH2, and CSH3 groups (p &lt; 0.05). The feed conversion ratio of the groups FM and CSH4 was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p &lt; 0.05). The mucosal fold height and intestinal α-amylase activity were significantly lower than the CSH2 group (p &lt; 0.05). The activities of ALT and AST in the alternative groups were significantly reduced compared to the FM group (p &lt; 0.05). The MDA content of the FM group was not significantly different compared to the CSH1, CSH3, and CSH4 groups (p &gt; 0.05), but was significantly higher than that of the CSH2 group (p &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes such as <em>relish</em>, <em>dorsal</em>, <em>cru</em>, <em>alf</em>, <em>lyz</em>, <em>akp</em>, and <em>acp</em> in the hepatopancreas of the alternative groups were significantly upregulated (p &lt; 0.05). The results indicated that dietary chicken soluble hydrolysate (CSH), particularly CSH2, significantly enhanced intestinal health, antioxidant capacity, and growth performance in <em>Litopenaeus vannamei.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}