Aquaculture Reports最新文献

{"title":"Chicken liver meal as an effective fishmeal replacement for Litopenaeus vannamei diets: A comprehensive evaluation of growth, non-specific immunity and gut health","authors":"Huaxing Lin ,&nbsp;Wanting Huang ,&nbsp;Xuehe Li ,&nbsp;Jiahua Wu ,&nbsp;Beiping Tan ,&nbsp;Shuyan Chi ,&nbsp;Qihui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chicken liver meal (CLM) on growth, protein synthesis, antioxidative functions, non-specific immunity, and gut microbiota community for juvenile <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>. CLM was used to replace 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 % of fishmeal (FM) protein, respectively. Six iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were designed (named FM, C10, C20, C40, C60, and C80) and fed to shrimp (initial weight, 0.54 ± 0.01 g) for 8 W. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly higher and feed coefficient rate (FCR) significantly lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the C10 and C20 groups compared to the FM group. Protein efficiency rate (PER) and protein deposition rate (PDR) were significantly increased in the C10, C20, and C40 groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Whole body crude protein (CP) content was significantly higher in the C20 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) higher in C20, C40, C60 and C80 groups. In serum, acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), phenol oxidase (PO) and lysozyme (LZM) activity values were highest in the C20 or C40 groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Trypsin (TYS), amylase (AMS), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxalic transaminase (GOT) activities were significantly higher in the C10 and C20 groups than in the FM group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Target of rapamycin (<em>tor</em>), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (<em>eif4e</em>) and 4E-binding protein (<em>4ebp</em>) genes mRNA expression levels in the C10, C20 and C40 groups, as well as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 K (<em>eif3k</em>) in the C10 and C20 groups were significantly up-regulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of penaiedin 3a (<em>pen 3a</em>), crustin a (<em>cru a</em>), lysozyme (<em>lzm</em>), pro-phenol-oxidase (<em>po</em>), and immune deficiency (<em>imd</em>) in the C40 group were significantly higher than those in FM group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> challenge test showed that the cumulative mortality in the C20 and C40 groups was significantly lower than that in the FM group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In gut microbiota community analysis, the Bacteroidetes abundance was increased, while the Proteobacteria abundance were decreased with the increase of CLM replacement levels. Meanwhile, the Vibrionaceae abundance in each replacement group were all lower than those in the FM group. In conclusion, CLM could replace the FM protein in the diet of <em>L. vannamei</em> up to 80 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between starvation, cold stress and water velocities on immunological and metabolic responses of large yellow croaker","authors":"Chengzhang Huang ,&nbsp;Huirong Lv ,&nbsp;Xuming Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Yin ,&nbsp;Zhangjie Chu ,&nbsp;Jungyeol Park ,&nbsp;Junwook Hur ,&nbsp;Yang Gao ,&nbsp;Weiye Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research shows that natural starvation during cold months may enhance the croaker's cold tolerance, yet the high mortality rates persist, indicating that factors like water velocity may also play a critical role. This study investigates how low temperature, starvation and water velocities affect the croaker's survival, focusing on antioxidant capacity, metabolic, transcriptomic and microbiota changes, aiming to improve management strategies for this economically important species in aquaculture. 400 large yellow croakers were divided into fed and starved groups to assess cold tolerance under gradually decreasing temperatures, and swimming endurance under increased water velocities up to 0.35 m/s. The fish were subsequently subjected to simulated overwintering in controlled flow conditions at different velocities to observe survival rates. Samples from the fish, including liver and intestines, were collected for antioxidant capacity, transcriptomic, metabolomic and microbiota analyses. Our results demonstrate that starvation enhances cold tolerance in large yellow croakers, but reduces swimming endurance significantly, suggesting a complex interplay between metabolic preservation and physical capability. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a significant shift towards fatty acid oxidation and down-regulation of steroid biosynthesis pathways, particularly under combined stress conditions. Moreover, the excessive up-regulation of lipid metabolism led to the accelerated production of ROS, resulting in oxidative stress in large yellow croaker. Both liver metabolomics and intestinal microbiota composition studies illustrated significant alterations in metabolic profiles. These findings provide insights into how environmental stressors impact the physiological and metabolic dynamics of the large yellow croaker, offering potential strategies for improving resilience and survival in aquaculture settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactin, bacillibactin and bacilysin are the main antibacterial substances of Bacillus subtilis JSHY-K3 that inhibited the growth of VpAHPND (the main pathogen of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp)","authors":"Luoping Xiang ,&nbsp;Zijie Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Wang ,&nbsp;Ge Jiang ,&nbsp;Jie Cheng ,&nbsp;Yadong Hu ,&nbsp;Jin Qian ,&nbsp;Xiaoman Sun ,&nbsp;Hui Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), which is caused by a particular strain of <em>Vibrio</em> that carries the <em>pirA</em> and <em>pirB</em> virulence protein gene, has caused major economic losses in shrimp farming. <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> JSHY-K3, a bacterial strain apparently antagonistic to <em>Vp</em>_{<em>AHPND</em>}, was screened by our laboratory to better control AHPND. Our previous whole-genome sequencing analysis and untargeted metabolomics-LCMS-EMDB analysis of strain JSHY-K3 revealed that its antimicrobial material could be surfactin, aurantinin B/C/D, fengycin, sublancin 168, bacillibactin, subtilosin A, bacilysin, caffeic acid, fosfomycin, minocycline and so on. However, the specific bacteriostatic substances remain unclear and need to be further investigated. In this study, based on the whole genome sequence information obtained previously, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to edit the genome of <em>B. subtilis</em> JSHY-K3 and constructed 6 strains of gene knockout mutants, among which the bacterial solution and cell-free culture medium of the mutants Δ<em>srfAB-AC</em>, Δ<em>dhbC</em> and Δ<em>bacA</em> showed a significant decrease in antagonism to <em>Vp</em>_{<em>AHPND</em>}. Therefore, we suspected that the main antibacterial substances of <em>B. subtilis</em> JSHY-K3 may be surfactin, bacillibactin and bacilysin. We then carried out high-resolution mass spectrometry and three-quadrupole quantitative analysis on the fermentation supernatants of strains JSHY-K3, Δ<em>srfAB-AC</em>, Δ<em>dhbC</em> and Δ<em>bacA</em>, and confirmed that these three gene clusters are involved in the synthesis of surfactin, bacillibactin and bacilysin, respectively. It was also confirmed that the deletion of the <em>srfAB-AC</em>, <em>dhbC</em>, <em>bacA</em> genes led to a reduction in the synthesis of surfactin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, which in turn led to a decrease in the inhibitory ability of the three mutant strains against <em>Vp</em>_{<em>AHPND</em>}. In conclusion, surfactin, bacillibactin and bacilysin are the main inhibitory substances of <em>B. subtilis</em> JSHY-K3 to inhibit the growth of <em>Vp</em>_{<em>AHPND</em>}.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of dietary vitamin B6 requirement of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) on the basis of growth performance, transaminase activity, and nutrient metabolism","authors":"Leimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongyu Huang ,&nbsp;Jiaze Gu ,&nbsp;Hualiang Liang ,&nbsp;Mingchun Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the determination of the dietary vitamin B₆ requirement of juvenile largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) and to study the impact of vitamin B₆ on their nutrient metabolism, the fish (1.66 ± 0.01 g) were fed 6 diets that measured vitamin B₆ contents of 2.03 (D1, control group), 2.91 (D2), 3.30 (D3), 6.03 (D4), 9.53 (D5), and 21.79 mg/kg (D6) for 12 weeks. The study demonstrated that in comparison to the control group, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) were substantially increased in the D3, D4, and D5 groups, the viscerosomatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were increased in the D5 group, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the D4 group was markedly lower. Moisture of fish body decreased significantly with increasing dietary vitamin B₆ contents, while crude protein as well as crude lipid increased significantly in the D2, D5 and D6 groups. The enzyme activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were higher in the D5 and D6 groups, and the expression of <em>got</em> and <em>gpt</em> were markedly higher in the D4 and D5 groups, respectively. For protein metabolism, the expression of target of rapamycin (<em>tor</em>) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (<em>4ebp1</em>) were significantly increased in the D5 group and the insulin-like growth factors −1 (<em>igf-1</em>) mRNA up-regulated in the D5 and D6 groups. For lipid metabolism, the expression of fatty acid synthase (<em>fas</em>), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (<em>acc</em>), peroxisome proliferators–activated receptor-α (<em>ppar-α</em>) were increased in the D5 group. For glucose metabolism, the expression of glucokinase (<em>gk</em>), pyruvate kinase (<em>pk</em>) and glucose transporter 2 (<em>glut2</em>) were increased in the D4 group. Based on FBW, FCR, GOT and GPT by quadratic regression analysis, the requirements of vitamin B₆ were 11.98, 12.73 mg/kg and 14.58, 14.17 mg/kg, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium pyruvate supplementation ameliorates fat accumulation and hepatic health by enhancing lipid utilization and inhibiting gluconeogenesis in Nile tilapia fed high-fat diets","authors":"Leping Liu,&nbsp;Wenya Gao,&nbsp;Qiangwei Li,&nbsp;Yalong Xu,&nbsp;Mingxu Xie,&nbsp;Chenglong Wu,&nbsp;Yan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcium pyruvate (CP) supplementation has been reported to attenuate high-fat diets (HFDs)-induced fat accumulation and improve mammals’ health. However, its impact on fish remains uncertain due to limited research. This study aimed to investigate effects of CP on fat deposition in Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) fed a control diet, HFD or four HFDs containing different amounts of CP (0.4 %, 0.8 %, 1.2 % and 1.6 %) for eight weeks. The results showed that dietary CP significantly decreased weight gain rate, specific growth rate, hepatosomatic index and mesenteric fat index. As dietary CP increased, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in serum and liver were significantly decreased, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were increased. Genes of lipid catabolism including hormone-sensitive lipase (<em>hsl</em>), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (<em>cpt1a</em>), acyl-CoA oxidase (<em>aco</em>), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (<em>pparα</em>), AMP-activated protein kinase (<em>ampk</em>) and adiponectin receptor 1 (<em>adiporl</em>) were up-regulated in fish fed CP diets. Conversely, CP down-regulated the expression of lipogenic genes (acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha, <em>accα</em>; diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, <em>dgat2</em>; sterol regulatory element binding protein 1, <em>srebp1</em>). Reduced serum glucose and liver glycogen contents revealed that glucose metabolism was changed, along with lower mRNA values of gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis (fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, <em>fbpase</em>; glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit, <em>g6pase</em>; glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, <em>gsk3b</em>). Moreover, fish fed CP showed considerable improvement in anti-oxidant and immune capacities. Increased enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; alkaline phosphatase, AKP; acid phosphatase, ACP) and transcript levels (CAT and SOD), and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory factor (<em>il-6</em> and <em>tnf-α</em>) were observed in the CP treatments. Notably, excessive amounts of CP (1.6 %) posed potential risks of causing hepatic oxidative damage, as evidenced by higher values of serum TC, LDL-C, GPT and GOT. Consequently, 0.4 %-1.2 % CP supplementation in HFDs alleviates fat accumulation and increases anti-oxidant and immune abilities by enhancing lipid utilization and inhibiting gluconeogenesis. These findings provide valuable references for the application of CP in HFDs of cultured omnivorous fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field validation of an all-female monosex biotechnology for the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii","authors":"Melody Wahl ,&nbsp;Kritsada Hongrath ,&nbsp;Tapanee Thinbanmai ,&nbsp;Parinada Suriyaworakul ,&nbsp;Eliahu D. Aflalo ,&nbsp;Assaf Shechter ,&nbsp;Amir Sagi","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A major drawback in prawn aquaculture lies in its bimodal growth and wide size distribution, limiting stocking densities and the ability to reach industrial-sized yields. Nonetheless, this limitation may be overcome through the culture of monosex populations. The recent establishment of a non-GMO WW-based biotechnology for all-female monosex production—achieved through manipulation of the androgenic gland hormone-sexual switch (IAG-switch) using parental cell transfer—enabled, for the first time, the mass production of all-female specimens that facilitated the present study. Here, we report the first large-scale field validation of the all-female <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em> biotechnology, conducted over three consecutive years and investigating a range of high stocking densities from 10 to 20/m² in combination with different nursery practices. All-female populations resulted in higher yields at harvest (up to 4474 kg·ha⁻¹) compared to previous prawn culture records producing medium-sized specimens with excellent size uniformity (3.8 % to 12.2 % CV) and an average weight of 31.5–54.8 g. Female reproductive state at harvest included high rate (above 77 %) of actively reproductive females (no fertilization due to the lack of males). If females do not invest energy in vitellogenesis as suggested by the high rate of reproductive activity, potential higher growth could be achieved as well as potential shortening of the grow-out period. The feasibility and advantages of all-female biotechnology for high yields of prawns comprised of uniform medium-sized specimens are demonstrated. Insights into the advantages for processing of a uniform sized product were generated, which could significantly impact the global prawn industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The growth, nutrient composition, immune-related gene expression, and Hsp70 protein levels in the juvenile sea cucumber Holothuria scabra: Threshold temperature for normal feeding","authors":"Xujia Liu ,&nbsp;Junxiang Lai ,&nbsp;Fajun Jiang ,&nbsp;Shengping Zhong ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Huang ,&nbsp;Chaoqun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Holothuria scabra</em> Jaeger, or sandfish, a commercially valuable yet ecologically vulnerable tropical sea cucumber, is significantly affected by water temperature, particularly the threshold temperatures for normal feeding. In this study, a laboratory trial was conducted to assess the growth, nutrient composition, immune-related gene expression, and Hsp70 protein levels in juvenile <em>H. scabra</em> (average wet weight 1.36 ± 0.22 g) under different threshold water temperatures of 23, 28, and 33℃ for 30 days. The growth results showed that the specific growth rate (SGR) of the juveniles at 33℃ was initially negative during the 0–10 days but significantly increased during the 10–20 days and 20–30 days. The SGR of the juveniles at 28℃ was significantly higher than that at 33℃ (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), while juveniles at 33℃ had a significantly higher SGR than those at 23℃(<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). After 30 days, significant differences were observed in the energy value (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and total amino acids (<em>P</em> = 0.041) of juveniles <em>H. scabra</em> among the 0 days, 23, 28, and 33℃ water temperature groups. The immune genes expression of <em>Hsp70</em>, <em>Hsp90</em>, <em>CuSOD</em>, M<em>nSOD</em>, <em>CAT</em>, and <em>REL</em> in the respiratory tree of juveniles were higher at 23℃ compared to 33℃. Specifically, the Hsp70 protein expression levels in juveniles showed a significant increasing trend over time in the 33℃, whereas the trend was the opposite at 23℃. Overall, short term high water temperatures had a more pronounced impact on <em>H. scabra</em> juveniles compared to short term low water temperatures. Conversely, long term low water temperatures had a more significant effect on juvenile growth compared to long term high water temperatures. These findings enhance our understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of juvenile <em>H. scabra</em> in response to threshold water temperatures for normal feeding, with important implications for aquaculture practices and conservation efforts in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miR-203 negatively regulates RLR-mediated antiviral immune response via targeting trim25 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Yongjuan Li ,&nbsp;Lu Zhao ,&nbsp;Jinqiang Huang ,&nbsp;Shenji Wu ,&nbsp;Yujun Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely demonstrated to be involved in fish immune process as important post-transcriptional regulators. <em>trim25</em>, a key member of the RLR pathway, performs a critical function in antiviral immunity in fish. However, the antiviral immune mechanism of miRNAs and <em>trim25</em> in rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) remains largely unknown. Herein, we detected expression patterns of miR-203 and <em>trim25</em> after rainbow trout infected with IHNV, and overexpressed and repressed miR-203 and <em>trim25</em> to investigate their functions <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Expression patterns suggested that miR-203 and <em>trim25</em> are potential regulators in interferon-mediated innate immune responses. <em>In vitro</em>, <em>trim25</em> was verified as a target of miR-203 by luciferase reporter assay, and overexpression of miR-203 significantly inhibited <em>trim25</em> expression and resulted in down-regulation of downstream immune genes including <em>rig-I</em>, <em>irf3</em>, <em>irf7</em>, <em>ifn</em>, <em>mx1</em>, and <em>nf-κb</em>, and co-transfection of <em>trim25</em> diminished this inhibitory effect. miR-203 overexpression significantly enhanced IHNV <em>n</em> gene expression. On the contrary, the expression level of <em>trim25</em> and downstream genes were markedly increased after inhibition of miR-203. <em>In vivo</em>, agomiR-203 significantly depressed the expression of <em>trim25</em>, and then reduced the expression levels of <em>rig-I</em>, <em>irf3</em>, <em>irf7</em>, <em>ifn</em>, and <em>mx1</em>. Furthermore, overexpression of <em>trim25</em> significantly reduced IHNV copies. Overexpression of miR-203 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, which was attenuated by the introduction of <em>trim25</em>, while the opposite results were obtained upon miR-203 suppression. This study contributes to the understanding of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism governing antiviral immunity in rainbow trout and provides a theoretical basis for using miRNAs as target drugs to treat viral diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the sulfated polysaccharides dextran sulfate and heparin on shrimp immunity and infection by white spot syndrome virus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus","authors":"Soraat Amphan ,&nbsp;Pasunee Laohawutthichai ,&nbsp;Thapanan Jatuyosporn ,&nbsp;Premruethai Supungul ,&nbsp;Anchalee Tassanakajon ,&nbsp;David G. Fernig ,&nbsp;Kuakarun Krusong","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> are major pathogens of the economically important shrimp, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>, causing white spot syndrome and hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), respectively. In animals, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, particularly heparan sulfate, are key regulators controlling cell communication and infectivity of pathogens. We have tested the hypothesis that dextran sulfate and heparin would afford some protection against white spot syndrome and AHPND. Injection of dextran sulfate (1 % w/v), and heparin (0.3 % w/v) were not toxic, and encouragingly, co-injection of these with WSSV provided some delay in mortality to the shrimp. We then used shrimp feed supplemented with 1 % (w/w) dextran sulfate and 0.1 % (w/w) heparin for 14 days prior to infection by cohabitation with WSSV-infected shrimp or addition of <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> to tank water. In the absence of pathogen, these feeds altered the shrimp immune response: enhancing PO activity and the expression of <em>Lvpo1</em>, <em>Lvpo2</em>, <em>Lvlyso2</em>, <em>Lvpen3</em>, <em>Lvalf1</em>, and <em>Lvalf2</em>, though no effect on the shrimp microbiome was observed. These activities of dextran sulfate and heparin differed, likely due to their different patterns of sulfated sugars. In the infection challenge, these feeds delayed mortality of the shrimp in WSSV infection, but not with <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>. The data demonstrate that sulfated polysaccharides can modulate shrimp immunity and prolong the survival of WSSV-infected shrimp. Given there are many natural sulfated polysaccharides of diverse structure, there may be more effective and cheaper food supplements which would go some way to resolving WSSV infections in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive peptides from salmon aquaculture processing by-product affect growth performance, plasma biochemistry, gut health, and stress resistance of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)","authors":"Elisa Benini ,&nbsp;Eliana Musmeci ,&nbsp;Serena Busti ,&nbsp;Elena Biagi ,&nbsp;Sara Ciulli ,&nbsp;Enrico Volpe ,&nbsp;Francesca Errani ,&nbsp;Åge Oterhals ,&nbsp;Odd Helge Romarheim ,&nbsp;Tone Aspevik ,&nbsp;Francesco Dondi ,&nbsp;Giulio Zanaroli ,&nbsp;Pier Paolo Gatta ,&nbsp;Alessio Bonaldo ,&nbsp;Luca Parma","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of incorporating bioactive peptides (BPs) from salmon processing by-product into the diets of gilthead seabream (<em>Sparus aurata</em>), assessing key parameters including growth performance, blood biochemistry, immune-related gene expression, and gut health. Furthermore, the investigation explores potential advantages within the climate change context, providing a comprehensive understanding of the diverse implications associated with this dietary approach. Three distinct diets with varying BP levels (0 % [BP0], 5 % [BP5], 10 % [BP10]) as substitutions for fish meal (FM) were administered to triplicate fish groups over a 58-day trial period. Following the trial, fish were exposed to suboptimal environmental conditions (high water temperature, low oxygen) for 7 days. Analysis of growth and somatometric parameters revealed no significant differences among fish fed the three experimental diets. Additionally, the highest dosage of BP (BP10) induced a significant increase of bacterial α-diversity, suggesting potential benefits. Moreover, the expression of immune genes suggested a generally stable immune response in fish before (T1) and after (T2) challenging environmental conditions. However, the lower expression of <em>ferritin</em> and <em>C3</em> hints toward a possible alteration of immune response in fish fed BP10 after environmental stress Additionally, challenging environmental conditions combined with high dietary inclusion of BP (10 %) triggered a physiological stress response, evidenced by elevated glucose, creatinine and uric acid levels, potentially indicating impairment of kidney function and reduced fish fitness. Furthermore, when singularly correlating gut microbiome and plasma analyses, data showed that higher presence of <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> and <em>Acinetobacter</em> families were positively related to higher lactate hematic concentration, suggesting a physiological distress caused by the inclusion of 10 % of BP in seabream diet exacerbated by adverse environmental conditions. Overall, while BP inclusion offers a sustainable alternative protein source, incorporating more than 5 % in the diet might compromise fish health under challenging environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}