Applied Soil Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Earthworm inoculation in degraded soils: A meta-analysis","authors":"Lucas Petit-dit-Grézériat ,&nbsp;Magali Rault ,&nbsp;Cécile Serbource ,&nbsp;Céline Pelosi","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthworms are key soil organisms involved in several soil functions. Earthworm inoculation can be used in the context of the agroecological transition and of Nature-based solutions to produce food while restoring soil fertility. In this meta-analysis we wanted to identify the earthworm inoculation parameters (density of the inoculated earthworms, time between inoculation and sampling, presence/absence of physical barriers, and number of species inoculated) that lead to a successful intervention (earthworm abundance and biomass increase).</div><div>For this quantitative analysis of earthworm inoculation success, we exhaustively reviewed the literature using the ISI Web of Knowledge with the “All Databases” option. We selected articles on field experiments that compared earthworm abundance or biomass in the inoculated area and in a clearly defined control area (same sampling period). We excluded articles on laboratory studies, vermicomposting, and non-intentional earthworm introduction.</div><div>Based on the 25 studies included in the corpus, the meta-analysis showed an increase in the abundance of inoculated earthworm species (4.48-fold) and of the whole earthworm community (1.55-fold). When &gt;150 individuals m⁻² were inoculated, the abundance of the inoculated earthworm species increased by a factor of 48.0 compared with the control plot. By monitoring the efficiency after at least 2 years, the increase in inoculated species abundance reached a factor of 37.0. Conversely, in short-term studies (&lt;1 year), this increase factor was not significant and was reduced to 1.9. Multi-species inoculations (i.e., different ecological categories of earthworms) could be more efficient (inoculated species abundance and total community biomass increases by a factor of 30.3 and 3.6, respectively). In a soil restoration perspective, an efficient inoculation must be designed in function of the targeted soil functions.</div><div>To perform a successful inoculation, we recommend to inoculate &gt;150 individuals m⁻², preferably of different species, and to assess their establishment after a relatively long interval (&gt;2 years after inoculation).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of drought and litter types on litter decomposition in desert-oasis ecotone","authors":"Hao Huang,&nbsp;Hengfang Wang,&nbsp;Li Sun,&nbsp;Zhengxian Mo,&nbsp;Yabei Zhang,&nbsp;Shengtao Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant litter is a crucial source for soil fertility and the soil organic carbon pool, with its decomposition process significantly influenced by both climate conditions and the quality of the litter itself. Litter from different organs of the same plant often exhibits varying quality traits. However, information on how litter decomposition responds to drought and various plant organs within desert ecosystems is relatively scarce. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of litter input on soil stoichiometric characteristics, enzyme activity, and microbial community structure under different drought conditions through decomposition experiments (lasting 360 days) of litter from two types of desert plants (<em>Suaeda salsa</em> and <em>Nitraria tangutorum</em>) with various organs (root, stem, leaf), subjected to three levels of natural drought (gravimetric soil moisture at W1: 7.1 %, W2: 4.1 %, W3: 1.8 %). The results indicate that: (i) There are no significant differences in the mass loss of litter across the drought gradients in desert ecosystem. The initial chemical characteristics of litter (especially phosphorus) and the types of litter organs are the main factors influencing litter decomposition. (ii) The mixing of litter (mixing of identical organs) did not promote decomposition but increased nitrogen loss (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), which was suppressed by aridity; mixing of litter also enhanced the effectiveness of soil nutrients. (iii) Litter decomposition increased soil nutrients and enzyme activity, improved soil nutrient conditions, and alleviated nitrogen and phosphorus limitations in the soil. (iv) Both aridity and litter organs are factors influencing the structure of soil microbial communities, but the different types of litter organs are the primary reason for differences in soil microbial community composition, with a greater impact on fungal communities than on bacterial ones. In soil treated with root litter, the fungal community was predominantly composed of Ascomycetes (relative abundance &gt;99 %), while the leaf and stem litters were dominated by Ascomycetes (relative abundance 56.1–98.7 %) and Basidiomycetes (relative abundance 0.8–43.9 %). These results suggest that in desert ecosystems, litter primarily influences soil nutrient cycling through its own nutrient content and organs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling of farmland microorganisms in maize and minor-grain crops under extreme drought conditions","authors":"Lixin Tian ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Han ,&nbsp;Kaili Liang ,&nbsp;Huihui Liu ,&nbsp;Baili Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microorganisms are ubiquitous in farmland, however, knowledge regarding the drought resistance of minor grain crops from the perspective of root-associated microbial communities is still poorly understood. We investigated the composition, diversity, co-occurrence network, and assembly process of bacterial and fungal communities in rhizosphere and root of sorghum, broomcorn millet, and foxtail millet under extreme drought conditions, with widely planted maize as the control. These results showed that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were enriched in rhizosphere and root of broomcorn millet, respectively, and the relative abundances of Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes, and bacterial alpha diversity in rhizosphere and root of sorghum were the larger than those of the other three crops, which was attribute to the lowest contents of organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen (TN). The bacterial network of broomcorn millet and fungal network of foxtail millet were more complex than those of maize, showing higher nodes, edges, density, and average degree. The NTI values of bacterial community in rhizosphere and root of broomcorn millet were greater than those of maize, indicating broomcorn millet had closer phylogenetic relationships. This study revealed the significant advantages of planting minor-grain crops from the perspectives of microorganisms under extreme drought conditions, which can be used to optimize the planting management strategies of farmland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hotspot enlargement and shortening hot moments in the rhizosphere to acquire labile phosphorus from fungal necromass in response to warming effects","authors":"Duyen Thi Thu Hoang ,&nbsp;Ali Feizi ,&nbsp;Viola Stelmach-Kardel ,&nbsp;Kazem Zamanian ,&nbsp;Xuechen Zhang ,&nbsp;Marius Schmitt ,&nbsp;Michaela A. Dippold ,&nbsp;Agata Gryta ,&nbsp;Magdalena Frąc ,&nbsp;Bahar S. Razavi","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal necromass is a potential energy and nutrient source for microorganisms and plants, yet the elevated temperature accelerates turnover rate of this source while enhances plant nutrient demand. However, a critical question that remains inadequately addressed is whether fungal necromass can be utilized to offset the effects of warming on plant nutrient demand, helping to sustain plant growth in changing climates. In this study, two maize varieties, including a wild-type and root-hair-defective <em>rth3</em> mutant, were grown in phosphorus (P) deficient soil at temperatures of 20 °C and 30 °C to detect the mechanisms driving the fungal necromass turnover under warming effects and plant root genotypes. By applying in situ zymography, we observed that the percentage of hotspot area in the rhizosphere increases by 65–82 % with a 10 °C temperature rise. However, when fungal necromass was introduced to the soil, the hotspot percentage at 20 °C was 44–116 % higher compared to 30 °C. Additionally, the addition of necromass significantly enlarged the hotspot percentage as compared to zero necromass treatment, particularly at 20 °C. The shorter turnover time of soil organic matter (SOM) at 30 °C compared to 20 °C, following the addition of fungal necromass, clearly indicated that the combined effects of warming and added necromass-derived C and P compounds accelerated SOM decomposition. The formation of a fish-bone root structure in the maize mutant could be a compensatory strategy in response to the absence of root hairs under warming conditions. These fish-bone roots potentially enhanced the acquisition of labile C and P from the added fungal necromass. Furthermore, the unchanged <em>K</em>_<em>m</em> but increased <em>V</em>_<em>max</em> in necromass-treated soil under 30 °C suggested that microorganisms allocate their energy resources to synthesizing more enzymes rather than increasing enzyme efficiency in response to warming stress. Overall, as an easily decomposed substances, fungal necromass mediates the response of the dynamic interactions between plants and microorganisms to rising temperature by enlarging the hotspot percentage by 88 % but shortening duration of organic matter decomposition up to 125 %. Therefore, these processes can be considered as the adaptation of agro-ecosystems to global warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of soil microorganisms on aggregate stability during vegetation recovery in degraded granitic red soil areas","authors":"Shuting Liu ,&nbsp;Zhe Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Duan ,&nbsp;Yusong Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil aggregates determine the soil structure, and the various cementitious substances produced by microorganisms can affect the composition and stability of soil aggregates. Currently, the characteristics of soil microorganisms and the mechanisms of aggregate stability during vegetation restoration in granite erosion areas remain unclear. In this study, the following five vegetation restoration stages in erosion zones were examined: bare land (LD), grassland (CD), grassland–shrub transition land (CG), shrubland (GM), and secondary forest (CS). By analyzing the relationships among the microbial community structure, aggregate stability, and soil physicochemical properties, the key factors influencing soil aggregate stability were identified. The findings revealed that with vegetation restoration, the stability of soil aggregates (mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD)) and the content of water-stable aggregates larger than 0.25 mm (WR_0.25) increased, and the stability was greater in the soil surface layer than in the subsurface layer. High-throughput sequencing demonstrated a notable increase in the Shannon diversity index and richness index of the soil microorganisms in the soil surface layer compared with those at the LD stage. Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive associations between the soil aggregate stability and the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria, archaea, and nutrients such as soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and available nitrogen (AN). The redundancy analysis results indicated that the relative abundance of key phyla such as <em>Thermoplasmatota, Ascomycota, Actinobacteriota</em>, and <em>Proteobacteria</em>, along with the α diversity of bacteria and archaea in the soil surface layer, accounted for 85.90 % of the overall formation and stabilization of soil aggregates with particle sizes of 2 mm and 1–2 mm. Notably, <em>Actinobacteriota</em> was the primary contributor, explaining 82.6 % of the total variance in the soil aggregate stability. <em>Actinobacteriota</em> also significantly increased the soil nutrient content and aggregate stability. These findings provide an important scientific basis for soil quality improvement in granite erosion areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter microbiome structure of rhizosphere soil to enhance Festuca elata tolerance to Cd","authors":"Xueyi Hu ,&nbsp;Lina Xu ,&nbsp;Yufan Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiao Guo ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Shaoxia Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The remediation of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil has attracted much attention. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi combined with phytoremediation is an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly remediation strategy. However, it is not clear the regulation of AM fungi on Cd stress by altering microbiome structure of rhizosphere soil. Here, <em>Funneliformis mosseae</em> was inoculated to determine the <em>Festuca elata</em> growth indexes, organic acids secreted by roots, Cd uptake, and rhizosphere microbial community in soil cultivation. The results showed that under Cd stress, AM fungi promoted the plant growth compared with no inoculation group. Cd contents in shoot and root cell wall increased by 20.63 %, and 16.66 %, respectively. The activities of soil saccharase and urease, and the absorption capacity of nitrogen were significantly increased upon AM fungi symbiosis. Meanwhile, AM fungal symbiosis promoted the secretion of organic acids from plant roots, reduced rhizosphere soil pH, and significantly increased the concentration of DTPA Cd in soil. Furthermore, AM fungi increased the relative abundance of beneficial rhizosphere bacteria (Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria), which could resistant the heavy metals stress and promote plant growth. Correlation analysis showed that total organic acid content was significantly positively correlated with Myxococcota, Chloroflexi and Glomeromycota. It is suggesting that AM fungi could enhance the resistance to Cd stress in <em>F. elata</em> by altering the rhizosphere microbial community. These findings provide insights into the effects of AM fungi on plants growth and rhizosphere microorganisms under Cd stress, and provides theoretical basis to further improve Cd-contaminated soil phytoremediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105735"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diazotrophic bacteria Azospirillum baldaniorum and A. brasilense improve wheat seedlings' nitrogen budget through ammonia scavenging","authors":"Teresa Dias ,&nbsp;Kamran Azmaliyev ,&nbsp;Juliana Melo ,&nbsp;Ana Margarida Santos ,&nbsp;Patrícia Correia ,&nbsp;Cristina Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Besides N₂ fixation, we consider that other diazotrophic traits can be explored to increase plants' nitrogen (N) budget. Here, we report initial results of the capacity of the diazotrophic plant growth promoting rhizobacteria <em>Azospirillum baldaniorum</em> and <em>A. brasilense</em> to improve wheat seedlings' N budget through ammonia (NH₃) scavenging. We inoculated wheat seedlings with two <em>Azospirillum</em> strains (<em>A. baldaniorum</em> Sp245 and <em>A. brasilense</em> ARG2) and determined its effect on plant biomass, N content and N isotopic signatures (i.e., δ¹⁵N). Furthermore, using bipartite Petri dishes, we grew the <em>Azospirillum</em> strains under increasingly alkaline conditions (from pH 7.5 to 10.0), which created a gradient of atmospheric NH₃ concentrations ([NH₃]), and we used <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> mutants to explore the involvement of the AMT/MEP/Rh proteins in atmospheric NH₃ scavenging. Wheat seedlings inoculated with <em>A. baldaniorum</em> Sp245 and <em>A. brasilense</em> ARG2 increased their N content by 65 and 94 % (respectively), and their negative N isotopic signatures (around −10 ‰, which contrasted with positive signatures in control plants) were compatible with NH₃ transport through AMT/MEP/Rh transporters, but not with N₂ fixation. Furthermore, increasing the atmospheric [NH₃] stimulated the growth rate of the <em>Azospirillum</em> strains up to 5-fold in relation to ambient atmospheric [NH₃], showing that both <em>Azospirillum</em> strains scavenged the atmospheric NH₃ and used it to grow. Our data clearly show that: i) NH₃ scavenging by <em>A. baldaniorum</em> Sp245 and <em>A. brasilense</em> ARG2 is involved in increasing plant's N budget; and ii) NH₃ transport through AMT/MEP/Rh protein family transporters is involved in microbial NH₃ scavenging. This overlooked microbial trait can be an interesting tool to mitigate atmospheric [NH₃], especially in farming environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105737"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic amendments alter urban soil microbiomes and improve crop quality","authors":"Joshua Garcia ,&nbsp;Mariel Mondragon-Becerra ,&nbsp;Ivan Martinez ,&nbsp;Mallika Nocco ,&nbsp;Cristina Lazcano","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban agriculture has the potential to support the health and sustainability of urban communities across the globe. Nonetheless, little information is available on urban soil management and strategies for supporting different aspects of soil health in the context of urban farming. We performed a greenhouse trial to investigate the effects of a variety of organic amendments derived from local municipal waste products on the soil microbiome as well as tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>, L.) productivity and quality in an urban agricultural soil from the San Francisco Bay Area (USA). We hypothesized that organic soil amendments could enhance microbial abundance, activity, and diversity in urban soils, however the specific effects may be dependent on the physicochemical and biological properties of the amendments used. Further, we hypothesized these shifts in soil biology could correspond to changes in crop productivity and quality. Liquid food waste hydrolysate and mixed herbivore waste compost increased microbial abundance in the soil compared to mineral fertilizer, likely due to increases in available carbon and nutrients. Analysis of potential extracellular enzyme activity showed solid amendments could enhance microbial carbon cycling in the soil as a result of increases in organic matter. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that solid amendments altered the composition of the soil microbiome, including the relative abundances of dominant soil bacterial phyla. Mineral-fertilized tomato plants generally had higher productivity and yields compared to plants grown with amendments, but plants treated with the hydrolysate and mixed herbivore waste compost had enhanced fruit soluble sugar content (i.e., °Brix). This study documents significant effects of diverse amendments derived from local municipal waste products on microbiomes found in urban soils. Further, the data suggests linkages between soil management, soil biology, and crop taste, which should be explored in future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between yield, enzymatic activity, and chemical properties across different soil layers and phenological stages of grapevines in southern Brazil","authors":"Estéfany Pawlowski ,&nbsp;Lisiane Sobucki ,&nbsp;Jorge Gustavo Pinheiro Barbosa ,&nbsp;Vicente Guilherme Handte ,&nbsp;Isabela Biolo Vieira ,&nbsp;Gustavo Brunetto ,&nbsp;Ieda de Carvalho Mendes ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti Jacques","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The activities of the enzymes β-glucosidase (GLU) and arylsulfatase (ARYL) in annual crop soils can now be determined in several commercial laboratories in Brazil. The results are used to assess soil quality and recommend management practices. However, this technology is not yet available for vineyards. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the activities of soil GLU and ARYL enzymes are related to grapevine yield and chemical properties in sandy vineyard soils, and to define the phenological stage of the crop and the soil sampling layer that best characterize these relationships. Soil and plant samples were collected in a commercial <em>Vitis vinifera</em> L. vineyard located in the extreme south of Brazil during the 2022/23. The soil was sampled in three layers (0–0.05, 0–0.10, and 0–0.20 m) and at four phenological stages (bud burst, full flowering, veraison, and post-harvest). The activities of the soil enzymes GLU and ARYL, the nutrient content of the soil and the leaf, the quality of the must, and the relative yield (RY) of the grapevine were evaluated. The RY was related to the activity of these enzymes. The best regression model adjustments were observed after harvest and in the 0–0.10 m layer. Enzyme activity was also significantly related to soil organic C and total N, as well as other soil properties, mainly P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn. The activities of GLU and ARYL enzymes were related to grapevine yield and chemical properties in sandy vineyard soils and soil sampling in the 0–0.10 m layer after harvest is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The functional guilds of dung beetles mediate secondary seed dispersal in a tropical savanna","authors":"Ananda Souza Lima ,&nbsp;Rafaella Maciel ,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique B. Togni ,&nbsp;Marina R. Frizzas","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seed dispersal is an ecosystem service of great importance and can be carried out in two ways: primary or secondary dispersal. Secondary seed dispersal occurs after seeds present in the dung of primary dispersers, mostly herbivorous vertebrates, have been displaced. Dung beetles are directly related to secondary seed dispersal and are almost entirely responsible for this type of dispersal. They can be classified in functional guilds according to the way they manipulate the resource, namely, as: endocoprids (nest and feed directly on the resource), paracoprids (dig tunnels and bury parts of the feces below or close to the resource), and telecoprids (remove a portion of the resource and bury it in tunnels). Here, we investigate how secondary seed dispersal above and below ground was affected by functional guild and dung beetle size in an important tropical savanna, the Brazilian Cerrado. Our main findings reveal that paracoprids perform horizontal dispersal of seeds above ground, and telecoprids are important for horizontal dispersal both above and below ground. Paracoprids and telecoprids act in a complementary way in seed dispersal. These two guilds are crucial for the maintenance of the ecosystem service of seed dispersal and can potentially contribute to the success and survival of seeds. Furthermore, dung beetles can favor the maintenance and conservation of essential plant species for the Cerrado through secondary seed dispersal. That could potentially increase the success of projects to restore areas with degraded soil in the biome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}