Applied Soil Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Soil microbial attributes and soybean yield response to off-season crop diversification in an Oxisol in Southern Brazil","authors":"Aghata C.R. Charnobay ,&nbsp;Artur B.L. Rondina ,&nbsp;Alvadi A. Balbinot Junior ,&nbsp;Mariangela Hungria ,&nbsp;Marco A. Nogueira","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soybean (<em>Glycine max</em>) cropping in Brazil often relies on soybean/maize or soybean/fallow systems. Diversification with off-season crops can improve soil biological health and soybean yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of off-season crops on soil microbial attributes and soybean yield over a seven-year experiment carried out in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The treatments included five off-season cropping systems: (i) maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) and (ii) wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) as cash crops, (iii) ruzigrass (<em>Urochloa ruziziensis</em>) and (iv) showy rattlebox (<em>Crotalaria spectabilis</em>) as cover crops, and (v) fallow. Soil microbial attributes and soybean yield were assessed over 2020/2021 and 2022/2023 cropping seasons. Ruzigrass had the highest straw yield (8515 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹), while showy rattlebox produced the lowest amounts (509 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) among the off-season crops. Ruzigrass and maize improved the soil organic carbon levels compared with fallow, whereas maize promoted the lowest amount of soil labile-C compared with the other treatments. Maize, ruzigrass, and wheat also increased the soil microbial biomass carbon. Cropping ruzigrass as off-season cover crop also improved N-cycling traits (microbial biomass N, and total inorganic N), microbial respiration, and the activity of β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, acid phosphatase, and glutaminase. Principal component analysis of soil microbiological and chemical attributes revealed a separation among the off-season treatments, specially distinguishing ruzigrass from showy rattlebox and fallow. Ruzigrass provided the highest soybean yield in succession (4119 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) compared with fallow (3525 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). These results highlight ruzigrass as option to diversify the soybean production system, improving soil microbial attributes and soybean yield. Our findings also add on the understanding of crop diversification as sustainable agricultural strategy for promoting soil health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106040"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land-use change reshapes communities and guild structure of Collembola across a wide geographic range of the temperate zone","authors":"Zhihong Qiao ,&nbsp;Dong Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Gong ,&nbsp;Martin Schädler ,&nbsp;Saichao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qibao Yan ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Liu ,&nbsp;Zhijing Xie ,&nbsp;Liang Chang ,&nbsp;Donghui Wu ,&nbsp;Stefan Scheu ,&nbsp;Xin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil biodiversity is crucial for maintaining ecosystem functions and soil health, yet it is increasingly threatened by global change drivers such as land-use intensification. However, research on how land-use intensification affects belowground communities across biogeographic regions is scarce. This study investigates the response of Collembola, a highly abundant and ecologically significant soil animal taxon, to land-use changes across a broad latitudinal gradient (39°N to 48°N) in northeast China. Our findings show that agricultural intensification significantly reduces Collembola richness, density and Shannon-Wiener diversity, with pronounced differences between farmlands and planted forests. Notably, the response of Collembola of different life forms (epedaphic, hemiedaphic and euedaphic) to land use and climate factors varied markedly with latitude. In particular, epedaphic Collembola were negatively impacted by land-use intensification, while hemiedaphic Collembola were influenced by both land use and climate, with their density increasing with latitude. By contrast, euedaphic Collembola were largely unaffected by these factors. Agricultural land use also led to homogenization of Collembola communities and significantly altered their community composition, mainly due to shifts in epedaphic Collembola. Overall, our results indicate that agricultural land use reduces biodiversity, promotes biotic homogenization, and leads to distinct community compositions due to the varying response of Collembola fauna life forms to land-use change along latitudinal gradients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of bituminous coal dust exposure on reproduction of Sinella curviseta (Collembola) and Eisenia fetida (Clitellata)","authors":"I.P. Tirado-Ballestas ,&nbsp;M.K. Taylor ,&nbsp;K. Caballero-Gallardo ,&nbsp;J. Olivero-Verbel ,&nbsp;M.A. Callaham Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although coal extraction is an important source of income for several countries, including Colombia, there are problems associated with mining activities, especially in open-pit coal mines. One of these is the deposition of air-borne dust in areas surrounding open pit mines, the accumulation of which can result in changes to the biogeochemistry of surrounding soils, as well as potential impacts on soil organisms, which have an important role in the maintenance of soil physicochemical properties, and other functional attributes of soils.</div><div>This study aimed to determine the ecotoxicological impact of sub-chronic exposure to bituminous coal dust (diameter up to 38 μm) in two soil invertebrate model organisms - an earthworm: <em>Eisenia fetida</em> (Savigny, 1826); and a collembolan: <em>Sinella curviseta</em> Brook 1882 - in soil with relatively low concentrations of coal dust. A total of four concentrations (1 to 4 % w/w) and one negative control were tested in artificial soil. Organisms were assessed after 28 and 60 days. Results from <em>E. fetida</em> showed that despite the low mortality of adult earthworms, a significant reduction in the number of cocoons and juveniles was observed in treatments ≥2 %, after 28 days and 60 days. In addition, the average number of cocoons observed was significantly reduced even at the lowest concentration of coal dust (1 %) relative to controls.</div><div>Similarly, a substantial reduction in the number of <em>S. curviseta</em> adults was observed in all concentrations after 28 and 60 days, respectively. Our results suggest that both organisms are highly sensitive bioindicators of soil disturbance. These findings further suggest that soil organisms and foodwebs in natural substrates in the vicinity of open pit coal mines may be at risk of impacts due to exposure to coal dust with potential consequences for soil system function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil viruses regulate soil nutrient cycling through themselves and their effects on host functioning to impede the growth of continuously planted Casuarina equisetifolia","authors":"Yu-Hua Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Hong ,&nbsp;Yi Lin ,&nbsp;Miao-En Qiu ,&nbsp;Jian-Juan Li ,&nbsp;Qing-Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Li Jia ,&nbsp;Yu-Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yang-Xin Luo ,&nbsp;Wen-Xiong Lin ,&nbsp;Hai-Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Ze-Yan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Casuarina equisetifolia</em> (<em>C. equisetifolia</em>) is an economically important forest tree, and continuous planting has led to changes in soil microbial diversity and function in the rhizosphere of <em>C. equisetifolia</em>, with a decrease in wood volume of &gt;29.0 %, which has constrained the sustainable development of the industry. Viruses regulate soil microbial diversity, nutrient cycling, fertility, and consequently plant growth. In this study, <em>C. equisetifolia</em> with different numbers of continuous plantings was used as research object, and macroviromics techniques were used to analyze the reasons why soil viruses regulate soil nutrient cycling and thus impede the growth of <em>C. equisetifolia</em> in continuous plantings through their own and their effects on host function. It was shown that continuous planting led to a significant increase in the abundance of 10 characteristic viruses of module 1 in the rhizosphere soil of <em>C. equisetifolia</em>. After parasitizing the host microorganisms, these characteristic viruses reproduced by lysis, and at the same time contributed to a significant decrease in soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and respiration intensity, a significant decrease in soil nutrient cycling and resistance-related enzyme activities, which in turn led to a decrease in available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the soil, as well as a significant decrease in the plant height, root length and dry weight of <em>C. equisetifolia</em>. It can be seen that the reproduction mode of the characteristic viruses affects the host number and function, reduces the supply of soil nutrients, and hinders the growth of <em>C. equisetifolia</em> after continuous planting. This study reveals for the first time the different roles of viral propagation strategies in continuous planting and provides a new paradigm for the study of “virus-microbe-plant” interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root exudates of Salix cupularis orchestrate the accumulation of soil carbon and nitrogen in the rhizosphere during the restoration of a desertified alpine meadow","authors":"Qi Li ,&nbsp;Fei Yan ,&nbsp;Dongming Chen ,&nbsp;Jiqiong Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhouwen Ma ,&nbsp;Yanfu Bai ,&nbsp;Xingpeng Hu ,&nbsp;Congyu Ma ,&nbsp;Abeer S. Aloufi ,&nbsp;Feida Sun ,&nbsp;Anna Gunina ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yakov Kuzyakov ,&nbsp;Lin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salix cupularis</em> is a key species for restoring desertified alpine meadows in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. However, the mechanisms driving soil restoration under <em>S. cupularis</em> remain unclear due to complex rhizosphere processes and harsh high-altitude conditions. This study investigated root exudation, soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass across shoot biomass levels (high, medium, low), phenological stages (regreening, fruiting, withering), and plant gender (male, female) in <em>S. cupularis</em>. Root exudation was identified as a critical driver of increased rhizosphere soil C and N, unaffected by plant gender. Root exudation rates peaked at the fruiting stage, and the C exudation rate increased with shoot biomass. While <em>S. cupularis</em> with high shoot biomass showed greater rhizosphere and bulk soil organic C (SOC) content compared to low shoot biomass plants. Intensive root exudation enhanced the contents of dissolved organic C (DOC), NH₄⁺, microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN), as well as extracellular enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil compared to bulk soil, with their highest levels observed at the fruiting stage. No significant effect of plant gender was discovered. Structural equation modeling revealed two main pathways for increasing rhizosphere C and N which are direct root exudates inputs and microbial biomass accumulation driven by root exudates. These findings highlight shrub shoot biomass as a key factor in soil restoration, emphasizing the roles of root exudates and microbial biomass formation in enhancing soil C and N during desertified alpine meadow recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation agriculture improves the balance between beneficial free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes for low-input rainfed rice crop","authors":"Marie Sauvadet ,&nbsp;Patrice Autfray ,&nbsp;Antsa Rafenomanjato ,&nbsp;Aude Ripoche ,&nbsp;Jean Trap","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation agriculture systems leaning on living mulch show particular promise thanks to their benefits on soil biological activity, but weed pressure in these cropping systems strongly depends on the amount of mulch. To assess the ability of these cropping systems to sustain soil health considering pest regulation, we investigated the combined influence of tillage and crop management (conventional, CONV and no-tillage with living mulch, NTLM) and weeding regimes (weekly hand-weeding and none) on soil free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes. To do so, we leant on a split-plot field experiment in Madagascar highlands 7 years after crop establishment. Overall, the abundance of soil free-living nematodes was 3.9 times higher in NTLM than CONV, primarily due to a preferential increase in fungal-feeders (+585 %) and in omnivores and predators (+633 %). Conversely, plant-parasitic nematodes had the same abundance in both systems, but not the same taxonomic composition, with a dominance of endoparasitic taxa in CONV, and of ectoparasitic taxa in NTLM. Weeding management affected only populations in NTLM, leading to increased abundance of fungal-feeders (+191 %) and lower abundance of semi-endoparasites (−89 %) in the unweeded systems, which were associated with changes in plant community diversity. In this context, conservation agriculture and no-weeding proved beneficial for promoting free-living nematode communities but also to decrease the overall plant parasitic pressure through plant diversification. As no weeding may nonetheless affect crop yield, a trade-off has therefore to be found to promote soil ecosystem services while maintaining crop production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of complete and incomplete ammonia oxidizers to farmland reversion to forest in Ferralsols","authors":"Pengfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongpeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Lihua Ma ,&nbsp;Shuling Wang ,&nbsp;Min Yang ,&nbsp;Alan L. Wright ,&nbsp;Xianjun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Competition for ammonia is a key factor in the evolution of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms. Recent studies have shown that complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria (comammox) have a higher affinity for ammonia compared to ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), potentially driving nitrification in soils with low nitrogen levels. This study investigated the effects of different land uses (Old-Growth Forest, OGF, over 50 years; Returning Farmland to Forest, RFF, lasting 20 years; Crop Land, CL, over 30 years) on soil nitrification and ammonia oxidizers in Ferralsols. Our results showed that both the nitrification potential and nitrite oxidation potential in Crop Land soil were significantly higher than those in Old-Growth Forest soil and Returning Farmland to Forest soil. The abundance of AOA, <em>Nitrobacter</em>-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) <em>nxrB</em> genes and comammox clade B was higher in Old-Growth Forest soil than in Returning Farmland to Forest and Crop Land soils. Conversely, the abundance of AOB, <em>Nitrospira</em>-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) <em>nxrA</em> genes and comammox clade A <em>amoA</em> genes in Crop Land soil was substantially higher compared to those in Old-Growth Forest soil and Returning Farmland to Forest soil. Our results suggested that distinct niche differentiation among AOB, AOA, NOB, and comammox exists in this Ferralsols, with N availability being a key factor driving this differentiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106037"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large variability of soil microbial diversity and functions in an over 20-year old Eucalyptus grandis plantation","authors":"Margot Brondani ,&nbsp;Agnès Robin ,&nbsp;Julie Marchal ,&nbsp;Anne-Laure Pablo ,&nbsp;Aline Personne ,&nbsp;Erick Desmarais ,&nbsp;Frédérique Cerqueira ,&nbsp;Frédéric Mahé ,&nbsp;Florine Degrune ,&nbsp;Joannès Guillemot ,&nbsp;Pedro H.S. Brancalion ,&nbsp;Nathalie Fromin","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatial heterogeneity in soil properties as well as in molecular and catabolic diversities of the soil microbial community were investigated by soil analyses, Illumina MiSeq sequencing and MicroResp™ profiling, respectively, in 51 plots of a 20 year-old eucalyptus plantation in south Brazil. The relationships between these parameters were assessed to test whether small scale variation in soil properties and understory vegetation generated heterogeneity in the soil microbial community. The spatial variability of soil microbial community and functioning was shown to be substantial. A greenness index, used as a proxy of the density of the understory biomass, explained very little of the soil microbial parameters. Variability in soil properties (mainly C availability, pH) partly explained shifts in molecular and catabolic parameters of the soil microbial community. Bacterial (and, to a lower extent, fungal) molecular parameters were the main factors explaining the catabolic capabilities of the soil microbial community. But overall, the sequencing data was of little use in explaining C processes in these soils, underlying the difficulty in predicting the contribution of large tree-plantations to the global C cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry reveals the exacerbation of microbial C and N limitations by moss crusts in degraded karst ecosystems","authors":"Minghao Deng ,&nbsp;Jiaojiao Wu ,&nbsp;Xin Zhao ,&nbsp;Dong Chen ,&nbsp;Guanting Guo ,&nbsp;Mingzhong Long ,&nbsp;Qimei Wu ,&nbsp;Run Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaona Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microorganisms are susceptible to changes in soil environments, particularly nutrient deficiencies, and respond to nutrient limitations by adjusting the production of extracellular enzymes. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) serve as a medium for surface soil microorganisms and nutrient cycling, significantly affecting soil and microbial characteristics. However, research on the effect of BSCs on soil microbial nutrient limitations is scarce in degraded karst ecosystems. This study focused on moss crusts in four karst ecosystems with varying degrees of degradation, using bare soil as a control. We collected and measured the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of surface soil, quantified microbial nutrient limitations, and explored significant factors affecting these limitations. Results showed that microbial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) limitations were prevalent in degraded karst ecosystems (vector length, VL &gt; 0.61, vector angle, VA &lt; 55°), with C limitation intensifying as degradation degrees increased, while N limitation showed a unimodal trend. The presence of moss crusts increased C- (β-1,4-glucosidase, BG) and N- (β-1,4-<em>N</em>-acetyl-glucosaminidase, NAG, leucine aminopeptidase, LAP) acquiring enzyme activities, and overall exacerbating microbial C and N limitations (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Available potassium (AK), soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, and total nitrogen (TN) were the most influential factors in microbial nutrient limitations (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). This study enhances our understanding of soil nutrient conditions, microbial characteristics, and the ecological functions of moss crusts in degraded karst ecosystems, improving knowledge of biogeochemical cycles of nutrients in plant-soil-microbe systems and offering new insights into deeper studies of soil microbial nutrient limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farming practices affect soil's suppressiveness towards phytopathogens","authors":"Priya Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Annapurna Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Yashbir S. Shivay ,&nbsp;Ram C. Dalal ,&nbsp;Shilpi Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106012","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Organic farming enhances soil health by beneficially modulating the structure and function of rhizospheric microbiome. While organic farms are known to exhibit suppression against specific plant diseases, the phenomenon of “general disease suppressiveness” is relatively less studied. The systemic interactions between abiotic and biotic factors in organically managed fields, rendering soils suppressive against various phytopathogens, have been less studied. The present study aimed to characterize soils from three farmers' fields in North-Western Himalayan region of India, for their pathogen suppression potential, and understanding the relationship between edaphic factors and biological control against a range of phytopathogens. Culture-dependent assays revealed that organically managed fields exhibited better suppressiveness compared to conventional fields, against the tested phytopathogens. The fungal fraction of the soil microbiome showed significant suppression of &lt;em&gt;Ralstonia solanacearum&lt;/em&gt; in apple (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.02) and chili (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.003) fields. Similarly, the fungal fraction of soils showed significant suppression (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;&lt;/em&gt; 0.05) of &lt;em&gt;Fusarium solani&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Sclerotium rolfsii&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Verticillium dahliae&lt;/em&gt; in apple and tomato fields. The soil microbiome's bacterial fraction showed significant (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) suppression of &lt;em&gt;Fusarium fujikuroi&lt;/em&gt;. Activities of enzymes related to biocontrol, viz. lipase, chitinase, protease and cellulase, and siderophore production were higher in soil from the organic fields than in the conventionally managed fields (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;&lt;/em&gt; 0.05). Soil cellulase activity was found to be the lowest among all biocontrol activities in organic apple field soil (0.22 IU/mL) compared to the control soil (0.04 IU/mL). Significantly high siderophore production was detected in the organic soils (93.13 ± 0.32 % siderophore units), and the adjacent soils under natural vegetation (control) (92.81 ± 0.45 % siderophore units), versus conventional soils (89.90 ± 0.79 % siderophore units) from the apple, chili, and tomato fields. Available micronutrients Cu, Fe, and Mn were negatively associated with pathogen suppression. Available Cu was negatively associated with &lt;em&gt;Rhizoctonia solani&lt;/em&gt; suppression in apple fields (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = −0.99, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.02) and &lt;em&gt;Fusarium udum&lt;/em&gt; in tomato/chili fields (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = −0.91, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.02). From PCA analysis, it was observed that the soil micronutrient availability was a dominant attribute affected by conventional farming practices. The role of mineral nutrients and other biocontrol parameters, such as enzymes and molecular markers, was demonstrated in pathogen suppression in the rhizosphere under different farming practices, emphasizing on the significance of biotic and abiotic factors for the sustainable management of soil-borne pathogens. Adopting sustainable practices and nutrient management will","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106012"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}