Water, Air, & Soil Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Aqueous Atrazine Photocatalytic Degradation over g-C3N4/graphene/NiFe2O4 Nanocomposite in the Presence of Potassium Peroxymonosulfate","authors":"Khaoula Altendji,&nbsp;Safia Hamoudi","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07675-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07675-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atrazine, a widely used herbicide in agriculture due to its effectiveness and low cost, is employed to eliminate broadleaf weeds. However, its persistence and mobility in aquatic environments pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. This emphasizes the urgent need to develop effective methods for its degradation in surface and groundwater. Heterogeneous photocatalysis, activated by visible light, has emerged as a promising solution, enabling the generation of reactive species capable of efficiently degrading organic pollutants. In this study, we designed an innovative ternary photocatalytic composite, composed of g-C₃N₄, graphene, and NiFe₂O₄, to enhance atrazine degradation under visible light in the presence of potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS). This composite leverages the synergistic properties of its components: g-C₃N₄ efficiently absorbs visible light and generates electrons and holes necessary for degradation reactions; graphene acts as an electronic mediator, facilitating the separation and mobility of photo-excited charge carriers, thereby reducing charge recombination; and NiFe₂O₄ plays a key role in PMS activation, generating sulfate (SO₄•⁻) and hydroxyl (OH•) radicals responsible for atrazine oxidation and degradation. Compared to conventional photocatalysts, this composite offers significant advantages, notably a reduction in bandgap energy to 2.42 eV, thereby enhancing visible light absorption. Irradiation was carried out using a 48 W fluorescent lamp, optimizing the composite’s activation under visible light. Our experimental results show that 97% atrazine degradation was achieved in 5 h under optimal conditions of photocatalyst loading (0.3 g/L) and PMS concentration (1 mM) at ambient temperature. These findings highlight the potential of this material for sustainable treatment of emerging organic pollutants in contaminated waters, addressing the current challenges of water purification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants and Microplastics Using Ag/TiO2: Recent Advances in Mechanism, Synthesis and Properties","authors":"Xueqin Wang,&nbsp;Siow Hwa Teo,&nbsp;Mohd Razali Shamsuddin,&nbsp;Newati Wid","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07669-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07669-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>TiO₂ is one of the most common and well-researched photocatalysts. However, it possesses certain limitations that hinder its research progress and practical application in the degradation of organic pollutants, particularly in the realm of (micro)plastics degradation. The modification of TiO₂ is currently a research hotspot in the photocatalytic degradation of organics. Noble metal Ag, with its unique advantages of safety, environmental friendliness, antibacterial properties, and good electrical conductivity, is an excellent modifier for TiO₂. This study first delved into the enhancement mechanism of Ag on TiO₂ photocatalytic degradation and the mechanisms of Ag/TiO₂ for degrading common organics and microplastics. It also discussed the preparation methods of Ag/TiO₂ complexes, their advantages, disadvantages, and applications of each method. Furthermore, it presented a comparative analysis of the current research status of TiO₂ and Ag/TiO₂ photocatalytic degradation of organics, particularly on (micro)plastics. Finally, it highlighted the limitations and shortcomings of current studies and proposed potential future research directions. This research serves as a guide for the large-scale production of efficient Ag/TiO₂ photocatalysts and the promotion of research on Ag/TiO₂ photocatalytic degradation of microplastics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Removal of Copper(II) Ion from Polluted Water Using Ferric Oxide-Chitosan Composite: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Adsorption Mechanism Studies","authors":"Xiaoli Yuan,&nbsp;Xixi Chen,&nbsp;Yufei Zhou,&nbsp;Shengzhi Ma,&nbsp;Chen Zhao,&nbsp;Shifeng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07627-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07627-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current research, ferric oxide-chitosan composite (FOCC) was synthesized by loading chitosan with ferric oxide which was obtained from a kind of ferrous sulfate waste liquid by chemical precipitation, and FOCC was used to adsorb the copper(II) ion from polluted water. The effects of copper(II) ion adsorption experimental factors including initial pH, FOCC dosage and contact time on the removal efficiency were determined, and the related copper(II) ion adsorption mechanism was discussed. The copper(II) ion adsorption optimization study was performed through Box–Behnken design (BBD), and the maximum efficiency of copper(II) ion removal reached 99.23% under the optimized adsorption conditions of initial pH = 5.57, FOCC dosage = 2.5 g/L, contact time = 15 min. The kinetics of copper(II) ion adsorption by FOCC fits well with the pseudo-second-order model (R² &gt; 0.9920), indicating that the copper(II) ion adsorption process belongs chemisorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of FOCC for copper(II) ion is 14.81 mg/g when the temperature is 55 °C. Under the above temperature, the isothermal experiments show that the Langmuir model (R² &gt; 0.9920) is more suitable for describing copper(II) ion adsorption process than the Freundlich model(R² &gt; 0.9504). The adsorption of copper(II) ion onto FOCC is endothermic(<span>({Delta H}^{^circ }&lt;0)</span>) and spontaneous(<span>({Delta G}^{^circ }&lt;0)</span>). In general, the study demonstrates FOCC is a quite promising material for copper(II) ion removal from polluted water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urease Inhibitors Weaken the Efficiency of Nitrification Inhibitors in Mitigating N2O Emissions from Soils Irrigated with Alternative Water Resources","authors":"Zhen Tao,&nbsp;Zhongyang Li,&nbsp;Siyi Li,&nbsp;Lijuan Zhao,&nbsp;Andrew S. Gregory,&nbsp;Xiangyang Fan,&nbsp;Chuncheng Liu,&nbsp;Chao Hu,&nbsp;Yuan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07670-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07670-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is generally accepted that inhibitors are effective in reducing agricultural nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from soils irrigated by groundwater. However, it was unclear whether these inhibitors effectively regulate N₂O emissions from soils irrigated with alternative waters, like reclaimed water and livestock wastewater. To clarify this, nitrapyrin, a nitrification inhibitor, and N-(N-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, a urease inhibitor, were added separately or jointly to the soils irrigated by groundwater, reclaimed water and livestock wastewater through two consecutive cycles of pot experiment. Both the single and combined addition of inhibitors lowered N₂O emissions from soils irrigated with alternative water, while the reduction effect of the combined application decreased relative to that of the single application. The using of combined inhibitors did reduce the enrichment level of nitrification genes and slow down the nitrification process, but the associated relatively high <i>nirS</i>/<i>nosZ</i> ratio potentially discounted its ability to prevent N₂O emissions. Whereas under groundwater irrigation, treatment with combined inhibitors only decreased N₂O emissions in the first cycle but not in the second cycle. Inhibitor application affected the composition of soil bacterial communities, and in particular, urease inhibitor application increased community differences across the two cycles. Moreover, using inhibitors led to a general reduction in the enrichment level of the denitrification genes <i>narG</i> and <i>nosZ</i>, and we speculate that inhibitors could also indirectly manipulate N₂O release by involving the denitrification process. Structural equation model results further displayed that the relative abundance of the <i>nxrA</i> and <i>narG</i> genes and NH₄⁺-N concentration played a vital role in the regulation of N₂O release from the alternative water-irrigated soils applied with inhibitors.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel and Holistic Approach for Remediating Zn-, Pb-, and Cd-contaminated Soils Using Potassium Bisulfate and Ammonium Bisulfate as Leaching Agents","authors":"Jingjing Zou,&nbsp;Yiping Sun,&nbsp;Chunbin Guo,&nbsp;Shuo Liang,&nbsp;Xinyue Meng","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07672-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07672-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green, efficient, and cost-effective soil leaching technologies have emerged as an innovative strategy for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils. In this study, we proposed NH₄HSO₄ and KHSO₄ as novel eluents for removing heavy metals from contaminated soils and investigated the effects of various factors, including leaching temperature, liquid to solid ratio (L/S), time, and molar concentration ratio, on their efficacy. We also examined the mineral contents and structural properties of the contaminated soil before and after leaching using the novel eluents via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the leaching rates of Zn, Pb, and Cd using NH₄HSO₄ and KHSO₄ (25 °C, 360 min, L/S = 20, and 0.075 mol/L) were 86.17%, 45.97%, and 79.92% and 89.12%, 46.185%, and 84.32%, respectively. Furthermore, these eluents improved the quality of the treated soil by slightly increasing its N and K contents without altering its structure. The leaching rates of Zn in the exchangeable and acid-soluble, reducible, and oxidizable forms by KHSO₄ were best fitted by the Avrami–Erofeev equation, diffusion via the product layer, and the new shrinking core model, respectively. The heavy metal proportion in the oxidizable and residual fraction increased after leaching. Based on these findings, NH₄HSO₄ and KHSO₄ show promise as effective agents for the rapid, efficient, cost effective, and sustainable remediation of heavy metal-polluted soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonaceous NiFe2O4 Nanocomposite: An Efficient Nano-Adsorbent for Toxic Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"K Asha,&nbsp;R Nisha,&nbsp;Venkatesh Lekhana,&nbsp;C Prajwala,&nbsp;T. N. Vishalakshi,&nbsp;K. Sakthipandi,&nbsp;S. A. Shivashankar,&nbsp;M Srinidhi Raghavan","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07660-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07660-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the potential of a novel carbon-coated NiFe₂O₄ nanocomposite as an efficient nano-adsorbent for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The single-step synthesis combines the advantageous properties of NiFe₂O₄ and carbon coating. Characterization techniques, including XRD, Raman, FT-IR, FESEM, and TEM, revealed a high carbon content (53%) and a crystallite size of 36 nm. Optimization of adsorption parameters (pH, dosage, contact time) was performed using central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). At acidic pH, the nano-adsorbent achieved removal efficiencies of 97.6% for Pb(II) and 99.5% for Cd(II). Adsorption data followed the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, indicating significant chemisorption. The adsorption capacities were 497.7 mg/g for Cd(II) and 325.6 mg/g for Pb(II). The NiFe₂O₄/C nanocomposite also demonstrated multiple reuses without significant efficiency loss.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally Benign Cellulose Acetate Hydrogel Beads for Solid Phase Extraction of Chlorpyrifos Pesticide from Water","authors":"Majakkar Nishitha,&nbsp;Badiadka Narayana,&nbsp;Balladka Kunhanna Sarojini,&nbsp;Arun Krishna Kodoth","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07601-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07601-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new cellulose acetate hydrogel beads were fabricated by dropping method from an aqueous solution of cellulose acetate (CA) by crosslinking polyethylene glycol upon microwave irradiation for the adsorption of chlorpyrifos (CP) from water. The hydrogel beads formed were thermally stable and of semi-crystalline nature confirmed by TGA, FESEM and XRD analysis. The maximum swelling ratio of 250 gg⁻¹ was attained at pH 7.3 and 480 min with a maximum adsorption capacity of 357.14 mgg⁻¹. The adsorption process followed pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm with regression co-efficient values as 0.9924 and 0.9921 predominantly chemisorption process and physisorption as well. The chemisorption occurred by the nucleophilic attack of the hydroxyl group of cellulose acetate- polyethylene glycol hydrogel beads (CAB) on -P = S of CP expelling 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCP) forming <b>2.</b> This was also evidenced by the presence of an absorption band due to -P = S (699 cm⁻¹) in the CP adsorbed CAB (CPCAB). Further, the desorption occurred at pH 1.3 by the acid hydrolysis of <b>2</b> with 99% recovery up to three cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane Distillation for Sustainable Water Desalination: A Review of Principles, Materials, and Applications","authors":"Rashmi Kakkar,&nbsp;Dilraj Preet Kaur,&nbsp;Seema Raj","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07622-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07622-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In response to the growing global water scarcity, research into sustainable desalination technologies has gained significant momentum. Membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a promising solution, offering several key advantages, including low operating temperatures, high salt rejection, minimal pressure requirements, and reduced brine production. As a non-isothermal process driven by partial pressure differences across a membrane, MD is particularly attractive due to its energy efficiency and compatibility with renewable energy sources, which contribute to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, MD's lower chemical usage and minimal brine discharge help reduce both marine and chemical pollution, while its modular and scalable design minimizes land use impact, positioning it as a sustainable desalination technology. This review critically examines the latest advancements in MD, considering key operational parameters such as MD configurations (DCMD, SGMD, VMD, AGMD), membrane materials, and membrane types. A comparative analysis of advanced materials used in MD membranes is provided, with a focus on their desalination efficiency. Furthermore, a correlation is established between crucial membrane characteristics like pore size, porosity, water contact angle, and liquid entry pressure (LEP) and their impact on flux performance and wettability is thoroughly evaluated. By offering insights into these key parameters, this article contributes to the ongoing development of more efficient and sustainable desalination technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioremediation of a Dis-Azo RB222 Dye using a Novel Bacillus Strain: Experimental and Artificial Neural Network Based Process Optimization","authors":"Yash Srivastava,&nbsp;Ravi P. Jaiswal","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07668-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07668-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Azo dyes, predominantly used in textile industries, pose significant hazards to aquatic ecosystems due to their recalcitrant and toxic nature. Although bioremediation has been explored for the degradation of various azo dyes, the biological removal of “dis-azo” dyes such as Reactive Blue 222 (RB222) remains limited. Moreover, there are no documented instances of using a <i>Bacillus</i> strain to remove RB222 in either batch or continuous bioreactor systems. This study demonstrated the bioremediation of a dis-azo dye, RB222, using a novel <i>Bacillus</i> strain, and optimized process conditions for their efficient degradation in both batch and continuous bioreactor systems. Specifically, a new bacterial strain, <i>Bacillus subtilis MN372379</i>, isolated from a soil sample at a dye-discharging site in Bhadohi district, Uttar Pradesh, India, was immobilized on the waste polyurethane foam scrap to degrade RB222 in both batch and continuous packed bed bioreactors (PBBR). In the batch bioreactor, the performance of the immobilized biomass was compared with a free cell system of suspended biomass, and the optimal parameters for process duration, pH level, temperature, and glucose concentration were determined to be 6.0 days, 6.5, 30°C, and 1 g/L, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the removal efficiencies (REs) of RB222 for the free and immobilized batch bioreactors were obtained as 87.94 and 95.32%, respectively, for the initial dye concentration of 50 ppm. The RE of RB222 was further enhanced to 98.56% in a continuously operated PBBR at an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L and an inlet loading rate (ILR) of 30 mg/L·day, highlighting the RB222-degrading capability of the isolated bacterial strain. Finally, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm to predict the REs of the RB222 dye in both free and immobilized cell systems. The model demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy, with regression coefficients of 0.89 and 0.92 for the free and immobilized cell systems respectively, indicating a strong correlation between the predicted and measured values. The study highlighted the potential of Bacillus subtilis MN372379 for the bioremediation of RB222-containing wastewater. Future research could explore the identification of additional bacterial strains capable of degrading recalcitrant dis-azo dyes, with the goal of developing a microbial consortium to improve bioremediation performance in a scaled-up PBBR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Selective Ag-Ca@CuO Nanocomposite-Based Sensor for Trace-Level Cr (VI) Detection in Water","authors":"Preeti Joshi,&nbsp; Saumya,&nbsp;Bhavani Prasad Naik Nenavathu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07662-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07662-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cr (VI) is a highly toxic metal ion and is considered as a carcinogen, teratogen, and mutagen. To address its sensing in water samples, Ag-Ca@CuO nanocomposites are synthesised using a simple, less expensive, effective method and are used for determining Cr (VI) by colorimetric approach. The nanocomposites have been characterized through several methods. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of rice grain-shaped CuO nanoparticles. Upon incorporation of Ca and Ag, a change in the morphology was noticed. The oxidase-like activity is shown by Ag-Ca@CuO nanocomposites in the presence of chromium (VI) and a chromogenic substrate i.e., 3, 3′, 5, 5′- tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Our established method showed superior sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.033 µM, a linear range of 10–600 µM and recoveries ranged from 100.16% to 110.32%. Reactive oxygen species include superoxide anion (O₂* −), hydroxyl radicals (OH*), singlet oxygen (¹O₂), etc. Superoxide radicals (O₂^•−) are generated from the prepared nanocomposites and these radicals in the presence of chromium (VI) caused oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and are recovered as oxTMB in blue colour. The role of O₂^•− in the oxidation of TMB was confirmed from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging studies using ascorbic acid as an O₂^•− scavenger. In addition, singlet oxygen also caused oxidation of TMB and is confirmed from diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) assay. Selective detection of Cr (VI) in the Yamuna River water sample, by the obtained nanocomposites is confirmed from the interference studies carried out in the existence of several metal ions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}