YaNan Zhang, Rong Zhou, ZiMeng Wang, GuoRong Wang, ChaoDong Wu
{"title":"Uncertainty Analysis on Permeability of Digital Rocks with Identical Petrophysical Parameters: Perspective from Stochastic Reconstruction Models","authors":"YaNan Zhang, Rong Zhou, ZiMeng Wang, GuoRong Wang, ChaoDong Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02319-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02319-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Data-driven permeability prediction models for porous media facilitate rapid reservoir evaluation; however, heterogeneity, anisotropy, and isoparametric heterogeneity significantly influence prediction accuracy. Utilizing numerical simulation for petrophyscial parameters, followed by the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulation and statistical models, we recognize incomplete multicollinearity as a significant factor confounding correlations among pore structure parameters in prior research. Isoparametric heterogeneity may cause both linear and nonlinear, as well as single and multi-parameter empirical permeability equations, to be ineffective under varying conditions. The absence of a controllable generation model has impeded the examination of permeability uncertainty in cores exhibiting equivalent petrophysical properties. We propose a Multi-Condition Rock Generative Adversarial Network (MCRGAN) model that regulates different petrophysical parameters of generated samples and is suitable for diverse rock types. Employing MCRGAN, we quantitatively assess permeability variations in cores with identical characteristics. Despite equivalent low-order moments like porosity, three-directional permeability means may vary by as much as 50%, but data-driven model inaccuracies might span from 3 to 78% of the real permeability. As porosity increases, permeability range ratios markedly grow, surpassing 10,000%, signifying a considerable augmentation of uncertainty. Our results indicate that aside from reservoir heterogeneity, isoparametric heterogeneity in pore space represents a substantial source of inaccuracy in permeability forecasts utilizing data-driven approaches such as the Kozeny–Carman (KC) equation. Moreover, the MCRGAN model provides significant flexibility, allowing researchers to create MCRGAN + LBM methodologies to examine microscopic control mechanisms of various physical properties in rocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148009298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Clogging Mitigation to Clogging Acceleration: Particle Deposition Under Oscillatory Flow in Microfluidic Porous Media","authors":"Walid Okaybi, Sophie Roman, Cyprien Soulaine","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02318-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02318-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Particle deposition and clogging in porous media control the performance of many natural and engineered applications, including groundwater filtration, geothermal injection, and subsurface fluid management. Once deposits form, permeability progressively declines and flow pathways become blocked, making mitigation strategies essential for maintaining long-term operation. Oscillatory injection has been proposed as a potential strategy to delay clogging, yet how its effectiveness depends on physicochemical conditions and complex pore geometries remains poorly understood. Here, we use microfluidic experiments with colloidal suspensions to investigate how oscillatory flow modulates particle transport and clogging in tortuous porous domains. Controlled oscillatory forcing is applied over a range of frequencies while monitoring permeability evolution and deposition dynamics. Under saline conditions, oscillatory flow delays clogging and increases the injected volume before hydraulic failure with increasing frequency, consistent with electrostatic screening that promotes particle aggregation and allows cyclic pressure fluctuations to destabilize growing deposits intermittently. However, the frequency response changes with physicochemical conditions and can even reverse. As ionic strength decreases and electrostatic interactions become stronger, aggregation is suppressed, and clogging becomes increasingly governed by particle crowding and pore bridging, where higher-frequency oscillations can instead accelerate blockage. These findings demonstrate that oscillatory injection does not have a universal effect on clogging, but instead depends on the balance between hydrodynamic forcing and particle interactions. This regime-dependent behavior provides a basis for designing more effective injection strategies in porous media.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13186896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Light on the Interface Condition Between the Flow in a Porous Medium and the Free Flow","authors":"Eduard Marušić-Paloka, Igor Pažanin","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02314-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02314-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we derive a new effective interface condition governing the transition between porous and free flow regions of a fluid domain via asymptotic analysis. The proposed non-standard condition represents a Darcy-type law acting across the imaginary interface, asserting that the trace of the free-flow velocity is proportional to the difference in stresses on both sides of the interface. Higher-order asymptotics reveals that the leading-order approximation corresponds to a no-slip condition, the first-order to a non-penetration condition with tangential slip, whereas the second-order approximation acknowledges the leaking across the interface. This hierarchical behavior is particularly relevant in modeling blood flow in the arteries, where the arterial wall behaves as a porous medium, allowing slow blood seepage relative to the main flow.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongxin Wang, Si Suo, Callum Cuttle, Christopher W. MacMinn, Martin J. Blunt, Catherine O’Sullivan
{"title":"How Viscoelastic Effects Impact Polymer Fluid Flow in Porous Media","authors":"Yongxin Wang, Si Suo, Callum Cuttle, Christopher W. MacMinn, Martin J. Blunt, Catherine O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02312-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02312-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polymer fluids are widely used in subsurface and geotechnical engineering applications. While the steady shear rheology of polymer fluids is known to be reasonably captured by a Carreau-like shear-thinning model, it is still not fully understood how their elastic rheological characteristics, beyond shear-thinning behavior alone, influence their flow in porous media. In this study, we numerically investigate these effects using direct, pore-scale numerical simulations. By comparing data from simulations using the FENE-P model, which incorporates viscoelastic effects, with data from corresponding simulations using the Carreau model, which captures only shear thinning, we confirm that fluid elasticity can induce recirculation upstream of restrictions, leading to a reduction in polymer fluid conductance in porous media. As this recirculation is controlled by the geometric conditions, we conducted detailed comparisons between a two-dimensional model, a three-dimensional model mimicking microfluidics experiments, and an axisymmetric model, analogous to a constricted capillary tube. We also simulate flow in an ordered packing of uniform spheres to develop an understanding of the implications for flow in a 3D porous material. We find that these flows are regulated by the interplay between shear-thinning and elasticity effects. When the shear-thinning effect is sufficiently strong, the effects of elasticity are suppressed. In subsurface applications, viscoelastic effects are significant due to pore-scale confinement and fluid rheology itself, requiring explicit consideration in modeling, pilot design, and performance forecasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-026-02312-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analytical Solutions for Some Fundamental Local Thermal Nonequilibrium Heat Transfer Problems Associated with Fluid-Saturated Porous Media","authors":"Akira Nakayama","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02317-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02317-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite numerous analytical studies on local thermal equilibrium cases in fluid-saturated porous media, analytical solutions on local thermal nonequilibrium cases remain unavailable even for fundamental heat transfer problems. The difficulty arises from the complex coupling of two distinct energy equations for the fluid and solid phases, based on the local thermal nonequilibrium assumption, making analytical derivation challenging. This paper addresses this gap by deriving analytical solutions for fundamental thermal nonequilibrium heat transfer problems, such as Stokes’ first problem, transient heat transfer over a suddenly heated horizontal plate, and forced and free convective thermal wakes around heat sources in an infinite porous region. These analytical solutions offer significant advantages, reducing computational effort and time, and providing explicit relationships among key dimensionless parameters. This, in turn, enhances the understanding of the fundamental physics governing local thermal nonequilibrium heat transfer in porous media.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coupled Dissolution and Diffusive Interactions of Microbubbles in Irregular Pore Networks","authors":"Nerine Joewondo, Valeria Garbin, Ronny Pini","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02315-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02315-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dissolution of a dispersed gas phase in a porous medium partially saturated with liquid is a problem of broad practical interest. While capillary equilibration has been shown to affect the evolution of the dispersed phase, its coupling with the underlying diffusive process in the liquid phase remains largely unexplored. Here, we deploy a pore-network model to describe coupled dissolution and diffusive interactions of a lattice of microbubbles in irregular pore networks. We demonstrate that the dissolution process becomes more erratic than in regular networks, because of the complex interplay between local connectivity effects and diffusive shielding between neighboring bubbles. By applying the method of moments, we quantify the evolution of solute mass in the system and compute continuum-scale properties, such as the effective diffusion coefficient of the network and the dissolution rate of the bubble lattice. We observe that the presence of bubbles delays the attainment of an asymptotic diffusive behavior and reduces the spatial extent of the solute plume relative to the same liquid-saturated network. Importantly, collective effects appear to be stronger than effects associated with the local pore connectivity distribution in the network in reducing the rate of dissolution of bubbles. <b>Article Highlights</b> <span>(bullet quad )</span> Local connectivity and collective effects control the dissolution of microbubbles in irregular pore networks <span>(bullet quad )</span> Bubbles can grow significantly before undergoing complete dissolution <span>(bullet quad )</span> The presence of bubbles delays the dissolution process and reduces the spatial extent of the solute plume relative to a bubble-free network <span>(bullet quad )</span> The complex topology of practical porous media may strengthen collective effects even further</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-026-02315-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coupled Effects of Wettability Alteration and Salt Dispersion during Polymer-Enhanced Low-Salinity Flooding in Porous Media","authors":"Arman Darvish-Sarvestani, Hassan Mahani, Behzad Rostami","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02316-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02316-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymer-Enhanced Low-Salinity Waterflooding (PELS) is a hybrid enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method aimed at improving the performance of low-salinity waterflooding (LSWF). Unlike low-salinity enhanced polymer flooding (LSP), which primarily targets viscous oils, PELS focuses on mitigating salt dispersion and enhancing sweep efficiency of LSWF. Building on our earlier experiments under single-phase and two-phase conditions with model oils, this study evaluates the combined effects of wettability alteration and salt dispersion during PELS under two-phase flow conditions with crude oil. A series of coreflooding experiments was conducted using artificial sandpacks, aged and non-aged, to assess the role of wettability alteration. Salt dispersion was quantified by fitting effluent salinity breakthrough curves using a non-Fickian transport model based on the Mobile–Immobile (MIM) framework implemented in STANMOD (STudio of ANalytical MODels). The results indicate that wettability alteration is associated with increased salt dispersion, which is interpreted to result from delayed release of high-salinity brine from unswept regions, leading to a 64% reduction in the <i>Peclet</i> number in aged samples. Compared to LSWF alone, incorporating 400 ppm of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) to the injection brine (PELS) would be effective toward reducing the salt dispersion by 75% and resulted in a modest increase (~ 5%) in oil recovery. While PELS slightly suppresses wettability alteration compared to low-salinity (LS) brine, it improves the brine-brine mobility ratio and stabilizes the salinity front, resulting in more stable front propagation and efficient oil displacement. These findings highlight the need to jointly consider wettability alteration and solute transport in optimizing LSWF and potentially other water-based EOR methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147937771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nidhi Singh, Ramreddy Chetteti, Raju Sen, Kuppalapalle Vajravelu
{"title":"On Weakly Nonlinear Convective Instability of Soret-Driven Jeffrey Fluid Flow Through a Porous Layer","authors":"Nidhi Singh, Ramreddy Chetteti, Raju Sen, Kuppalapalle Vajravelu","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02310-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02310-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the linear and weakly nonlinear stability of double-diffusive Bénard convection in a horizontal permeable layer saturated with a Jeffrey fluid. The momentum equation is formulated using the linear Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation to account for thermal and solutal density variations, while the concentration equation incorporates the Soret effect to represent thermally induced mass transport. Following non-dimensionalization, small perturbations are imposed on the base state to analyze instability. Linear stability theory determines the onset of stationary convection, whereas weakly nonlinear analysis characterizes heat and mass transfer. Flow structures and transport features are illustrated using streamlines, isotherms, and isosolutes. The results reveal that increasing the Jeffrey parameter destabilizes the system, emphasizing the role of fluid elasticity. For negative values of the solutal Rayleigh number, a negative Soret number delays convection by opposing thermal buoyancy, while a positive Soret number enhances instability. Transient Nusselt number behavior shows that higher Lewis number suppresses oscillations and accelerates system relaxation. Furthermore, positive solutal Rayleigh number enhances early mass transfer, whereas negative solutal Rayleigh suppresses it, and increasing relaxation time transforms streamlines from unicellular to bi-cellular when it greatly exceeds the retardation time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morgan Chabanon, J. Alberto Ochoa-Tapia, Benoît Goyeau
{"title":"Dispersion in Porous Media with Porosity Gradients","authors":"Morgan Chabanon, J. Alberto Ochoa-Tapia, Benoît Goyeau","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02313-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02313-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heterogeneous porous media are found in many engineering and natural processes, either by design to improve the efficiency of the system, or as a consequence of the process itself. Here, we focus on dispersive transport in porous media displaying spatially evolving heterogeneities, characterized by continuous spatial variations of their properties. Using upscaling, we derive the macroscopic transport equations for momentum and species dispersion and identify additional terms implying spatial derivatives of the porosity. While these terms do not influence the definition of the effective diffusion-dispersion tensor, we find that they remain in the closure problems for momentum transport and lead to the definition of two new effective permeability tensors. Length-scale considerations show that the closure problems for momentum transport can be simplified to facilitate their solving. To assess the validity of the derived model, we solve the macroscopic transport equations in a stationary dispersive mixing process: a <i>Y</i>-junction mixing chamber filled with porous media with spatially evolving heterogeneities. The consequences of distribution and strength of the porosity gradients on fluid velocity and concentration field are systematically compared to direct numerical simulations for various Péclet numbers, showing excellent agreement even in disordered porous media. Notably, we show that Péclet-dependent non-symmetric mixing layers can be produced using porous media with controlled porosity gradients. Our results highlight the potential for the development of novel industrial processes utilizing porous media with spatially evolving heterogeneities such as continuous flow chemistry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-026-02313-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quadratic Non-selfsimilar Solutions of the Generalized Boussinesq Equation","authors":"Phillip A. Pratt, Aleksey S. Telyakovskiy","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02311-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02311-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We extend the exact quadratic-profile solution of Parlange et al. (Transp Porous Media 39(3):339–345, 2000) to the generalized Boussinesq equation with a general exponent. This broader formulation is commonly used to describe saturated flow in unconfined aquifers, where hydraulic conductivity depends strongly on water-table height and nonlinear diffusion controls how wetting and drainage fronts move through the subsurface. Situations such as bank storage during river stage fluctuations, infiltration from surface sources, and drainage in shallow groundwater systems all fall within this setting and benefit from analytical solutions that capture these nonlinear effects. This exponent controls the degree of nonlinearity in the diffusion term and allows the model to represent a wide range of physical situations, from nearly linear flow to a strongly nonlinear transport, such as flows through concretes, forest soils, and filtration of polytropic gases. By extending the quadratic-profile approach to arbitrary nonlinearity, we obtain a family of exact solutions that describes both infiltration and drainage regimes within a single framework. The solution family also connects directly to two classical results: a traveling-front profile that appears under strong boundary fluxes and a selfsimilar mound that arises when the boundary flux vanishes. These generalized solutions provide practical benchmarks for evaluating numerical models and understanding how nonlinear hydraulic properties influence the evolution of groundwater flow in unconfined aquifers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}