Transport in Porous Media最新文献

{"title":"Unstable Fingering Determines the Success of Hydrogen Storage in Saline Aquifers","authors":"Jimin D. Zhou,&nbsp;Anthony R. Kovscek","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02366-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02366-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in saline aquifers is a potential strategy for long-term storage of energy from intermittent sources, such as wind and solar. Currently, there are limited laboratory studies on the multiphase flow of hydrogen (H₂) in brine-saturated porous media featuring <i>in situ</i> imaging of the progression of the H₂ phase. Such studies are crucially important to understand H₂-brine multiphase flow and the viability and efficiency of UHS. Here, we present time-lapse X-ray computed tomography images of meter-scale rock cores at dimensionless microscopic capillary numbers (<span>(3times 10^{-6}&lt; N_{Ca} &lt; 5times 10^{-9})</span>), Bond numbers (<span>(20&lt; N_{Bo} &lt; 70 )</span>), and mobility ratios (<span>(M approx 0.016)</span>) characteristic of the injection and withdrawal of H₂ in saline aquifers. Horizontally oriented experiments show the development of viscous fingers at all flow rates. Extremely thin and exceptionally mobile fingers are apparent at large flow rates. The vertically oriented experiments also show the development of viscous fingers at all flow rates, even in the stabilizing presence of gravity. This is contrary to expectation. Potential losses of H₂ by disconnection and trapping of the gas phase in the viscous finger may be significant and losses due to fingering need to be taken into account when designing and simulating UHS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratigraphic Control of Pore-Scale Hydrodynamics and Localized Hydraulic Resistance in Marine Sediments","authors":"G. Bartzke,&nbsp;K. Huhn","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02370-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02370-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stratigraphic heterogeneity in marine sediments creates localized pore-scale hydraulic bottlenecks that influence fluid flow and drainage behavior; however, the pore-scale mechanisms by which sediment architecture organizes hydraulic resistance remain insufficiently quantified. In this study, we use high-resolution Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with OpenFOAM to investigate pore-scale flow behavior in three idealized sediment configurations representative of common marine stratigraphic architectures: homogeneous, fining-upward, and coarse–fine–coarse (CFC). Analysis of velocity fields, effective flow path length, hydraulic-gradient magnitudes, and strain-rate magnitudes reveals pronounced architecture-dependent differences in the spatial organization of hydraulic resistance despite comparable bulk porosities (~ 0.34) and bulk permeabilities within the same order of magnitude, ranging from 2.08 × 10⁻¹¹ to 7.89 × 10⁻¹² m². At comparable mean velocities, the stratigraphically heterogeneous configurations exhibit higher hydraulic-gradient and strain-rate magnitudes than the homogeneous configuration. The homogeneous configuration shows comparatively uniform profiles, whereas the fining-upward configuration develops an upward increase in hydraulic-gradient magnitude. CFC concentrates elevated resistance indicators near abrupt interfaces and shows weak coupling between the mean-velocity and hydraulic-gradient profiles. These findings demonstrate that mean flow velocity and bulk permeability do not fully describe internal hydraulic resistance in stratified sediments. Instead, stratigraphic architecture controls where pore-scale hydraulic resistance is concentrated, identifying potential hydraulic bottlenecks with implications for fluid redistribution in layered marine sediments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-026-02370-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dimensionless Morphological Framework for Permeability Prediction in Porous Rocks: Extending Kozeny–Carman with Coordination Number and Throat-Scale Corrections","authors":"Irwan Ary Dharmawan,&nbsp;Benedicta Loveni Melkisedek,&nbsp;Yoevita Emeliana","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02365-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02365-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Kozeny–Carman (KC) equation remains the standard closed-form predictor of permeability in porous rocks, yet it systematically under-performs in heterogeneous carbonates where connectivity, rather than porosity alone, governs flow. We extend KC by a Buckingham-<span>(Pi )</span> reduction of <span>({k,tau ,phi _{textrm{eff}},Z_{textrm{avg}},S,bar{T}})</span> to a single dimensionless complexity number <span>(Pi = tau ^{alpha }/[phi _{textrm{eff}}^{beta },Z_{textrm{avg}}^{gamma },(Sbar{T})^{2delta }])</span>, closed by <span>(k = 1/(c_{textrm{lit}},S^{2},Pi ))</span>. The closure is dimensionally consistent for any exponent values, sign-consistent with the physics of every descriptor, and reduces exactly to KC when <span>(alpha =2)</span>, <span>(beta =3)</span>, <span>(gamma =delta =0)</span>. The model hierarchy M0–M4 was fitted on <span>(1,963)</span> sub-volumes extracted from twenty parent micro-CT scans (ten clean clastic sandstone and ten Brazilian pre-salt carbonate volumes), yielding 923 sandstone and <span>(1,040)</span> carbonate sub-volumes, with single-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann permeability as the reference. The models were selected by the corrected Akaike Information Criterion. The preferred model was M3 (KC pinned at <span>(alpha =2)</span>, <span>(beta =3)</span> with <span>(gamma )</span> and <span>(delta )</span> free), with <span>(hat{gamma } = 0.67)</span> and <span>(hat{delta } = 0.50)</span>, achieving log-space <span>(R^{2} = 0.986)</span>, log-MAE <span>(= 0.24)</span> (typical multiplicative error <span>(1.27times )</span>), and <span>(100%)</span> of samples within <span>(pm 1)</span> decade of the LBM ground truth. The unconstrained M4 fit returns <span>(hat{alpha } = 2.01)</span> and <span>(hat{beta } = 3.00)</span>, empirically confirming the classical squared-tortuosity and cubic porosity scalings to within <span>(1%)</span>. The throat-scale exponent <span>(hat{delta } = 0.50)</span> lies midway between the KC (<span>(delta =0)</span>) and Katz–Thompson (<span>(delta =1)</span>) endpoints. Cross-lithology validation under an intercept-refitted protocol was symmetric (<span>(R^{2}_{log } gtrsim 0.95)</span> in either direction), indicating that the four exponents capture lithology-invariant physics rather than within-lithology over-fitting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated High-Resolution 3D CFD Framework for Viscous Fingering in Porous Media: Relative Permeability, Extend Directional Velocity Weighting and GPU-Accelerated Solution","authors":"Chenxi Li,&nbsp;Yanbing Tang,&nbsp;Masanori Kurihara,&nbsp;Hisanao Ouchi","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02354-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02354-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Viscous fingering develops when a higher mobility fluid displaces a lower mobility fluid in porous media, creating preferential pathways that accelerate breakthrough and reduce sweep efficiency. This instability affects enhanced oil recovery, groundwater remediation, underground gas storage, and geological carbon storage. Predicting its three-dimensional evolution remains difficult because phase mobility, nonlinear pathway interactions, numerical directional bias, and computational cost must be addressed together. Reservoir simulators represent relative permeability, fractional flow, and residual saturation, but often smear individual fingerings. High-resolution miscible and pore-scale methods resolve detailed morphology, yet are not naturally formulated for reservoir-style saturation-dependent mobility or large continuum domains. Multidirectional transport treatments and GPU sparse solvers address numerical limitations, but these capabilities have generally been developed separately. We therefore develop a pressure-based high-resolution 3D CFD framework integrating Corey-type relative permeability, fractional-flow phase partitioning, clipped effective saturation, D3Q27-inspired directional link-velocity weighting, and GPU-based implement solution. The calculations concern homogeneous, viscosity-dominated liquid displacement; capillary pressure, gravity, and Forchheimer inertia are excluded. The framework was assessed against one-dimensional Buckley–Leverett solutions and benchmarked against Habermann’s miscible quarter five-spot experiments for macroscopic mobility-ratio trends. It reproduced saturation-profile classes, the compact-to-dendritic transition, and declining sweep efficiency with increasing mobility ratio. Three-dimensional calculations revealed tubular pathways, bypass, coalescence, and pressure-field shielding. Mesh, realization, and connectivity comparisons showed that directional treatment affects the resolved morphology, while GPU pressure-solver tests demonstrated acceleration. The framework provides a unified computational route from reservoir-relevant mobility closure to quantitative three-dimensional morphology, connectivity-sensitivity assessment, pressure-field interpretation, and accelerated sparse solution for viscosity-dominated porous-media displacement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-026-02354-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale Pore-Crack Coupling and Permeability Evolution in Thermally Treated Rajmahal Basalt","authors":"Arijit Sahoo,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Ashutosh Tripathy,&nbsp;T. N. Singh","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02367-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02367-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the Physico-mechanical and transport evolution of basalt at elevated temperatures is crucial for evaluating its suitability for subsurface energy systems, nuclear waste disposal, and carbon dioxide sequestration. In this study, a site-specific, semi-empirical approach is developed for estimating permeability through a framework of bulk porosity, multiscale pore properties, and quantitative crack geometry. Basalt samples were subjected to heating from 25 to 1000 °C, with analyses measuring porosity, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, pore volume, pore diameter, and fractal dimensions, complemented by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)-based crack metrics. Water Immersion Porosimetry (WIP) showed stable porosity up to 400 °C, rising sharply to 18.7% at 1000 °C, indicating threshold temperatures at 400 °C and 700 °C related to microcrack initiation and microstructural deterioration. Isotherm analyses indicated a shift from open inkbottle mesopores at temperatures ≤ 700 °C to slit-type pores and bimodal size distributions at 900–1000 °C. The N₂-BET surface area increased with temperature, reaching a maximum at 700 °C and then decreased to 0.727 m²/g at 1000 °C due to micropore loss. SEM-ImageJ analyses revealed that, with increasing temperature, crack diameter, area, and volume increased. The experimentally obtained permeability was found to be low up to 400 °C, and rose gradually from 400 to 700 °C and at a much higher rate from 700 to 900 °C. We captured the observed permeability of Rajmahal basalt samples with R² = 0.99 using a semi-empirical regression. The findings indicate that permeability evolution is driven primarily by the creation of effective pore-crack pathways, rather than a single pore descriptor, and that the proposed estimator is locally calibrated to the specific basalt and temperature conditions studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Transient Approach for Measuring Permeability and Pressure-Dependent Corrections for Porous Ablative Materials","authors":"Yejajul Hakim,&nbsp;Jack W. Wooten,&nbsp;Michael L. Mckinney,&nbsp;Michael W. Renfro","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02364-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02364-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate characterization of thermal protection system (TPS) materials requires reliable determination of permeability, which can vary by multiple orders of magnitude for charred samples with varying characteristic length of the microstructure. Traditional steady-state permeability measurements, while effective for moderately permeable materials, face challenges for low-permeability samples due to long equilibration times. To address this, a transient pressure-decay experiment was conducted, enabling rapid and accurate determination of Klinkenberg permeability in the high-pressure regime. The technique is applied to ZURAM^® as a representative TPS material, which has been previously characterized. At low pressures, the Klinkenberg model overestimates effective permeability due to elevated Knudsen numbers, a behavior consistently observed across all ZURAM samples regardless of char level or effective hydrodynamic length scale. The transient method, previously used for low-permeability geological samples, was successfully applied to TPS materials, resulting in reduced experimental time. Comparisons of the Klinkenberg and Beskok–Karniadakis models revealed that both models agree at high pressures but overestimate permeability at low pressures. Leveraging the dependence of the Beskok–Karniadakis model on the effective hydrodynamic length scale, <span>(displaystyle r_p)</span>, the transient experiment allows estimation of <span>(displaystyle r_p)</span> through model comparison, providing insight into the characteristic length of the microstructure and its changes in charred materials. This methodology offers a novel approach for rapid high-pressure permeability measurement and microstructural characterization of TPS materials, overcoming limitations of steady-state methods while highlighting the constraints of both Klinkenberg and Beskok–Karniadakis models at low pressures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Heat Source/Sink on Free Convective Flow in an Annular Porous Region with Isothermal Heating or Constant Heat Flux at the Inner Cylinder and Chemical Reaction","authors":"Anurag Shukla,&nbsp;Anand Kumar,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar Sukariya,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02363-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02363-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have performed the analytical study to examine the effect of the heat source/sink parameter on laminar fully-developed free-convective flow in the presence of a chemical reaction. The fluid is confined between the infinitely long annular porous regions, with an inner cylinder that has an isothermal heating or constant heat flux, while the outer cylinder is cooled. The analytical solution of the flow equations has been obtained for the three considered cases: when a source is present, when a source/sink is absent, and when a sink is present. The results have been presented graphically for the velocity and concentration profiles for different physical parameters. The skin-friction, Sherwood number and mass flux are shown in tabular form. The main result of the present article is that the velocity profiles and skin-friction are more sensitive to the radius ratio and Darcy number. Therefore, the velocity can be controlled by proper tuning of the radii ratio and the Darcy number. These findings have practical relevance to thermal management in porous-wrapped pipelines, cooling of cylindrical electronic and nuclear components, catalytic reactors with reactive porous linings, geothermal heat extraction systems, and chemical processing units where convection in porous annular geometries is crucial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decomposing Capillary Hysteresis: A Topology-Aware Dynamic Graphical Game for Multiphase Displacement in Pore Networks","authors":"Arman Mojoodi","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02362-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02362-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional pore-network models (PNMs) typically rely on empirical rules—such as explicit snap-off criteria and contact angle hysteresis—to reproduce capillary hysteresis and residual trapping. In this study, we introduce a fundamentally different approach by formulating quasi-static multiphase displacement as a topology-aware dynamic graphical game, in which each pore is treated as an autonomous agent that locally minimizes its thermodynamic free energy. Within this game-theoretic framework, topological constraints are embedded directly into the local utility function of each pore agent, enabling trapping to emerge as a metastable state transition rather than an imposed geometric rule. A key result of the framework is a model-based characterization of the thermodynamic and topology-constrained mechanisms underlying the simulated hysteresis. Simulations reveal that even in the absence of topological barriers, path-dependent energy minimization within a disordered landscape generates inherent thermodynamic hysteresis. When topological constraints are activated, the model successfully prevents unphysical complete drainage and accurately predicts residual saturations. The framework is applied to six distinct micro-CT-derived pore networks obtained from the Imperial College London pore-network library (Bentheimer, Berea, Heletz, A1, F42B, and Lv60B). Quantitative validation of the primary drainage response, with semi-quantitative comparison of imbibition against experimental data for Berea and Bentheimer sandstones demonstrates reasonable agreement with measured capillary pressure hysteresis, scanning curves, and forced imbibition behavior. Without tuning artificial hysteresis parameters, the model reproduces complex displacement phenomena—including primary and secondary drainage, scanning curve closure, and forced imbibition. Furthermore, ensemble simulations (20 independent realizations per wettability state) reveal a consistent non-monotonic (U-shaped) dependence of displacement efficiency on wettability, with optimal recovery emerging near-neutral-wet conditions (<span>(theta sim mathcal{N}left({100}^{circ },{10}^{circ }right))</span>). Notably, this same wettability regime also maximizes the potential for forced imbibition recovery, identifying an optimal wettability regime for forced recovery with significant implications for wettability alteration strategies. These results show that, within the proposed framework, path-dependent displacement and residual trapping emerge naturally from quasi-static energy minimization subject to topology-dependent accessibility constraints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Solute Transport Equation Associated with Coupled Chemo-mechanical Consolidation Problems in Perfectly Semi-permeable Porous Media","authors":"Chongbin Zhao,&nbsp;Yao Liu,&nbsp;B. E. Hobbs,&nbsp;A. Ord,&nbsp;Xiangtao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02358-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02358-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fundamental characteristic of a semi-permeable porous medium, by which we mean a perfectly semi-permeable porous medium in this study, is that the solvent is allowed to move but the solute is not. Due to this fundamental characteristic, there should be no solute mass flux within a solution-saturated semi-permeable porous medium. Consequently, the solute is not allowed to be transported either by solute diffusion or by solvent advection in the semi-permeable porous medium. This means that the conventional form of solute transport equation, which involves both the solute diffusion and solvent advection transport terms, cannot be used to describe the mass conservation of the solute in the semi-permeable porous medium. However, in dealing with the coupled chemo-mechanical consolidation problem in a solution-saturated semi-permeable porous medium, the conventional form of solute transport equation was incorrectly used to describe the mass conservation of the solute in the semi-permeable porous medium. The main purpose of this study is to investigate how this conceptual error affects the numerical solutions for dealing with the coupled chemo-mechanical consolidation problem in a solution-saturated semi-permeable porous medium. This purpose has been achieved through using the following two different kinds of mass conservation equations of the solute in the semi-permeable porous medium. The first is the conventional form of solute transport equation, just like what was incorrectly used in the preceding study, while the second is a local mass conservation equation of the solute, which is presented in this study, in the semi-permeable porous medium. The related theoretical and numerical results have demonstrated that using the conventional form of solute transport equation can lead to the incorrect distributions of the solute concentration and porosity within the solution-saturated semi-permeable porous medium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Thermal Non-equilibrium Models in Porous Media: A Comparative Study Under Forced Convection","authors":"Anna Mareike Kostelecky,&nbsp;Ivar Stefansson,&nbsp;Carina Bringedal,&nbsp;Tufan Ghosh,&nbsp;Helge K. Dahle,&nbsp;Rainer Helmig","doi":"10.1007/s11242-026-02347-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-026-02347-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heat transfer in saturated porous media plays a key role in many applications. Under certain conditions, the classical assumption of instantaneous heat transfer between phases may no longer hold, leading to local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE). Even though many continuum-scale LTNE models exist, systematic comparisons between different models remain limited. In this study, we compare a dual-network model and different LTNE-REV-scale formulations under forced convection to evaluate their consistency in predicting LTNE behavior and to assess the influence of different model formulations. Simulations are performed for both steady-state and transient setups. For each setup and model, temperature profiles and non-dimensional temperature differences are analyzed for varying non-dimensional numbers, including Reynolds number, thermal conductivity ratio and Biot number. Across the investigated regimes, all empirical models predict an increase in LTNE with increasing Reynolds number and decreasing Biot number. However, no consistent trend is observed for varying thermal conductivity ratios. Differences between the models can be addressed to the different formulations of effective thermal properties. For idealized systems under natural porous-media conditions, in particular small Reynolds numbers, similar bulk conductivities and high Biot numbers, all models predict near-zero local fluid–solid temperature differences (LTE behavior). Under other conditions, however, the models differ in the magnitude of local temperature difference they predict, i.e., in the degree of LTNE. This highlights the importance of comparisons against detailed experimental data or simulations, for example, within the framework of a benchmark study.</p>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"153 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-026-02347-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}