Transport in Porous Media最新文献

{"title":"A History Matching Study for the FluidFlower Benchmark Project","authors":"Xiaoming Tian,&nbsp;Michiel Wapperom,&nbsp;James Gunning,&nbsp;Samuel Jackson,&nbsp;Andy Wilkins,&nbsp;Chris Green,&nbsp;Jonathan Ennis-King,&nbsp;Denis Voskov","doi":"10.1007/s11242-023-02048-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-023-02048-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we conduct a comprehensive history matching study for the FluidFlower benchmark model. This benchmark was prepared and organized by the University of Bergen, the University of Stuttgart, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for promoting understanding of the complex physics of geological carbon storage (GCS) through in-house experiments and numerical simulations. This paper synthesizes the experiences of history matching the benchmark data encountered by the Delft-DARTS and CSIRO participants. History matching is first performed based on a low-dimensional-zonated structured model using a simple Poisson-like solver. The permeability of six facies and two faults is inferred in this stage to match the digitized concentration data. The history matching is then further enhanced to richer spatial and physical models to capture the spatial variation of permeability and buoyancy effects, using an unstructured grid. Efficient adjoint methods are used to evaluate the gradient used in the optimization of data misfits or equivalent Bayesian log-likelihoods. With efficient optimization methods available for both maximum a posteriori model inference and Randomized Maximum Likelihood methods for model uncertainty, we perform history matching using both binary and continuous concentration observations. The results show that the tracer plumes in the enriched model match the experimental plumes more accurately compared with the results from the parsimonious-zonated model. The history matching results based on the concentration observations provide more similar plume shapes compared with the case based on the binary observations. The permeability difference between the model before and after history matching reveals that the tracer plume zone and the high permeable zone are the regions of high sensitivity in terms of data misfit between the model response and observations. Surprisingly, CO<span>(_2)</span> concentration plume forecasts based on these history-matched models were not especially sensitive to the improvements observed in the enhanced model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"151 5","pages":"1113 - 1139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-023-02048-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling Up FluidFlower Results for Carbon Dioxide Storage in Geological Media","authors":"A. R. Kovscek,&nbsp;J. M. Nordbotten,&nbsp;M. A. Fernø","doi":"10.1007/s11242-023-02046-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-023-02046-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The partial differential equations describing immiscible, but soluble, carbon dioxide (CO₂) displacement of brine in saline storage formations are developed including mass transfer across the CO₂–brine interface. Scaling relationships for characteristic time among laboratory and representative storage formation conditions are found upon assumption that free-phase CO₂ transport during injection is dominated by pressure-driven flow. The implication is that an hour in the FluidFlower (room-scale visual model) scales to hundreds of years of elapsed time in the storage formation. The scaling criteria permit extrapolation of the effects of changes in parameters and operating conditions. Interphase mass transfer allows CO₂ to saturate the brine phase and the finite time of such mass transfer results in substantial time to approach equilibrium. Significant mixing of CO₂ dissolved into formation brine with original brine is found experimentally and is also predicted. The magnitude of onset time for buoyancy-driven fingers that enhance mixing of CO₂ is typically only a fraction of the duration of CO₂ injection and in general agreement with theoretical analysis in the literature. Predictions for onset time of convective mixing at representative storage formation conditions, likewise, teach that the onset time for fingering is significantly less than the duration of CO₂ injection in some cases. The implications of this observation include that mixing of CO₂ with brine and the subsequent settling due to gravity are relatively rapid and coincide with the period of active CO₂ injection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"151 5","pages":"975 - 1002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139461398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steady-State Dynamics of Ganglia Populations During Immiscible Two-Phase Flows in Porous Micromodels: Effects of the Capillary Number and Flow Ratio on Effective Rheology and Size Distributions","authors":"A. Anastasiou,&nbsp;I. Zarikos,&nbsp;A. Yiotis,&nbsp;L. Talon,&nbsp;D. Salin","doi":"10.1007/s11242-023-02041-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-023-02041-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study experimentally the flow of non-wetting ganglia during the co-injection of <i>n</i>-heptane and water in a predominantly 2D PMMA micromodel, which is constructed based on a stochastic digital algorithm. The dynamics of the phase distribution patterns are recorded optically and post-processed using cluster identification and motion tracking algorithms in order to study the characteristics and the interactions between the mobile and stranded ganglia populations. We focus primarily on the effects of the capillary number (Ca) and the ratio of the injection flow rates (<i>Q</i>) on the observed ganglia size distributions and the effective two-phase rheology. Our experimental setup allows for the study of ganglia fragmentation and coalescence dynamics over five orders of magnitude (in terms ganglia sizes), thus offering novel physical insight on the pore-scale characteristics of different ganglia populations and on how their interactions determine the relative permeability of the non-wetting phase. We demonstrate that the rates of ganglia fragmentation and coalescence intensify at higher Ca values, as viscous forces become dominant over capillary ones, leading to a log-normal size distribution that shifts toward smaller mean values. This effect is directly correlated with the emergence of new flow paths that develop progressively through narrower pores-throats, where the continuous wetting phase sweeps ganglia with sizes smaller than the mean pore-throat diameter. These flow paths further contribute to the Darcy scale velocity of the non-wetting phase, thus leading to a power-law Darcian regime at intermediate Ca values with a scaling exponent that is found to be a function of <i>Q</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"151 3","pages":"469 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-023-02041-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139420748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Meter-scale Porous Media Flow Experiments for Quantitative Studies of Geological Carbon Sequestration","authors":"Kristoffer Eikehaug,&nbsp;Malin Haugen,&nbsp;Olav Folkvord,&nbsp;Benyamine Benali,&nbsp;Emil Bang Larsen,&nbsp;Alina Tinkova,&nbsp;Atle Rotevatn,&nbsp;Jan Martin Nordbotten,&nbsp;Martin A. Fernø","doi":"10.1007/s11242-023-02025-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-023-02025-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This technical note describes the FluidFlower concept, a new laboratory infrastructure for geological carbon storage research. The highly controlled and adjustable system produces a strikingly visual physical ground truth of studied processes for model validation, comparison and forecasting, including detailed physical studies of the behavior and storage mechanisms of carbon dioxide and its derivative forms in relevant geological settings for subsurface carbon storage. The design, instrumentation, structural aspects and methodology are described. Furthermore, we share engineering insights into construction, operation, fluid considerations and fluid resetting in the porous media. The new infrastructure enables researchers to study variability between repeated CO₂ injections, making the FluidFlower concept a suitable tool for sensitivity studies on a range of determining carbon storage parameters in varying geological formations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"151 5","pages":"1143 - 1167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-023-02025-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139373170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Validation of an Effective Stress-Sensitive Permeability Model Under Hydromechanical Interactions","authors":"Teng Teng,&nbsp;Zhaolong Li,&nbsp;Yuming Wang,&nbsp;Kun Liu,&nbsp;Wenjian Jia","doi":"10.1007/s11242-023-02043-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-023-02043-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water seepage in rocks, in geotechnical engineering such as the hydrofracturing of hard rocks, excavation of underground chambers, and prevention of mine water disasters, is a common problem. According to rock mechanics theory, the deformation and stress of rocks influence seepage behavior. In this study, a modified permeability model of argillaceous sandstone under coupled hydromechanical conditions was established to reveal the relationship between permeability and effective stress, including external stress and internal water pressure. The modeling results indicate a negative exponential relationship between the argillaceous sandstone permeability and the effective stress. The proposed effective stress-sensitive permeability model was validated by conducting two sets of seepage experiments based on controlling the water pressure and external stress, with the results obtained considered satisfactory. Based on the proposed permeability model, a fully coupled multifield model of the water seepage and rock deformation was developed. Fully coupled scenario-based numerical simulations were conducted in a finite element environment to investigate water seepage evolution and rock deformation. The experimental and numerical results show that the trends in the evolution of the entire compressive stress–strain and permeability curves are reversed, and the maximum value of the permeability was not consistent with the failure of argillaceous sandstone. This model and corresponding numerical simulations can provide insights for water seepage research and serve as a reliable theoretical basis for evaluating roof water injection and hydraulic fracturing in rock and mining engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"151 3","pages":"449 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139078300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Characterization of Wetting in Porous Media Using Local Lattice-Boltzmann Simulations","authors":"Hamidreza Erfani,&nbsp;Reza Haghani,&nbsp;James McClure,&nbsp;Edo Boek,&nbsp;Carl Fredrik Berg","doi":"10.1007/s11242-023-02044-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-023-02044-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wettability is one of the critical parameters affecting multiphase flow in porous media. The wettability is determined by the affinity of fluids to the rock surface, which varies due to factors such as mineral heterogeneity, roughness, ageing, and pore-space geometry. It is well known that wettability varies spatially in natural rocks, and it is still generally considered a constant parameter in pore-scale simulation studies. The accuracy of pore-scale simulation of multiphase flow in porous media is undermined by such inadequate wettability models. The advent of in situ visualization techniques, e.g. X-ray imaging and microtomography, enables us to characterize the spatial distribution of wetting more accurately. There are several approaches for such characterization. Most include the construction of a meshed surface of the interface surfaces in a segmented X-ray image and are known to have significant errors arising from insufficient resolution and surface-smoothing algorithms. This work presents a novel approach for spatial determination of wetting properties using local lattice-Boltzmann simulations. The scheme is computationally efficient as the segmented X-ray image is divided into subdomains before conducting the lattice-Boltzmann simulations, enabling fast simulations. To test the proposed method, it was applied to two synthetic cases with known wettability and three datasets of imaged fluid distributions. The wettability map was obtained for all samples using local lattice-Boltzmann calculations on trapped ganglia and optimization on surface affinity parameters. The results were quantitatively compared with a previously developed geometrical contact angle determination method. The two synthetic cases were used to validate the results of the developed workflow, as well as to compare the wettability results with the geometrical analysis method. It is shown that the developed workflow accurately characterizes the wetting state in the synthetic porous media with an acceptable uncertainty and is better to capture extreme wetting conditions. For the three datasets of imaged fluid distributions, our results show that the obtained contact angle distributions are consistent with the geometrical method. However, the obtained contact angle distributions tend to have a narrower span and are considered more realistic compared to the geometrical method. Finally, our results show the potential of the proposed scheme to efficiently obtain wettability maps of porous media using X-ray images of multiphase fluid distributions. The developed workflow can help for more accurate characterization of the wettability map in the porous media using limited experimental data, and hence more accurate digital rock analysis of multiphase flow in porous media.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"151 3","pages":"429 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-023-02044-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139027591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blocking a Flow Conductive Inter-well Fault by Fines Detached by a Low-Salinity Water Slug","authors":"Ximena Melgarejo-Castellanos,&nbsp;Manuel Coronado,&nbsp;Héctor Erick Gallardo-Ferrera,&nbsp;Martín Alberto Díaz-Viera","doi":"10.1007/s11242-023-02042-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-023-02042-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fines detachment, migration and pore clogging are important processes in diverse problems in underground formations. Recent works have analyzed the idea of employing fines detached by low-salinity water injection to modify water trajectories in a rock formation. In oil and geothermal reservoirs, fines can play, in this context, a beneficial role in water production control. In underground pollution processes, fines can serve as a potential mechanism for isolating soil or water contaminants. In this work, a new application to block the fluid flow in a conducting fault that directly links the injection well with extraction wells by using a slug of low-salinity water is explored. This technique could bear significant relevance, particularly in scenarios where water is injected to displace oil or soil contaminants from the formation into extraction wells. The existence of this type of highly conductive pathways can significantly reduce the efficiency of oil or contaminant sweeping. To analyze the problem, we consider here a low-salinity water slug that is introduced in the injection stream of a standard inverse five-spot well array, in which a high-permeability fault-like streak directly connects the injector with two of the four extraction wells. The mathematical model to describe fines detachment, migration, pore clogging and permeability impairment is revisited and adapted. The nonlinear coupled equation set for single-phase fluid flow, salinity transport and fines dynamics is numerically solved by a finite element method. The efficiency of the low-salinity fines detaching method to block water flow in conductive faults is discussed in terms of slug injection period, slug salinity and flow injection rate. The most sensitive parameters are injection period and injection rate. It was found that fines are equally effective at obstructing broad or narrow faults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"151 3","pages":"403 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138742177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Reynolds Model Coefficients for Flow Between Rough Surfaces in Sliding Motion","authors":"Didier Lasseux,&nbsp;Francisco J. Valdés-Parada,&nbsp;Marc Prat","doi":"10.1007/s11242-023-02040-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-023-02040-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this Letter, it is shown how the determination of the effective coefficients involved in the macroscopic model for pressure driven and/or Couette flow in a rough fracture can be simplified by solving only one closure problem instead of two as originally reported in Prat et al. (Transp Porous Media 48(3):291–313, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015772525610).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"151 1","pages":"233 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical and Numerical Modelling of Gas–Gas Diffusion for Binary Hydrogen–Methane Systems at Underground Gas Storage Conditions","authors":"Sebastian Hogeweg,&nbsp;Julia Michelsen,&nbsp;Birger Hagemann,&nbsp;Leonhard Ganzer","doi":"10.1007/s11242-023-02039-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-023-02039-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The physical process in which a substance moves from a location with a higher concentration to a location with a lower concentration is known as molecular diffusion. It plays a crucial role during the mixing process between different gases in porous media. Due to the petrophysical properties of the porous medium, the diffusion process occurs slower than in bulk, and the overall process is also affected by thermodynamic conditions. The complexity of measuring gas–gas diffusion in porous media at increased pressure and temperature resulted in significant gaps in data availability for modelling this process. Therefore, correlations for ambient conditions and simplified diffusivity models have been used for modelling purposes. In this study, correlations in dependency of petrophysical and thermodynamic properties were developed based on more than 30 measurements of the molecular diffusion of the binary system hydrogen–methane in gas storage rock samples at typical subsurface conditions. It allows reproducing the laboratory observations by evaluating the bulk diffusion coefficient and the tortuosity factor with relative errors of less than 50 % with minor exceptions, leading to a strong improvement compared to existing correlations. The developed correlation was implemented in the open-source simulator DuMu^x and the implementation was validated by reproducing the measurement results. The validated implementation in DuMu^x allows to model scenarios such as Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) on a field-scale and, as a result, can be used to estimate the temporary loss of hydrogen into the cushion gas and the purity of withdrawn gas due to the gas–gas mixing process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"151 1","pages":"213 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-023-02039-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138534617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approximate Analytical Solutions for 1-D Immiscible Water Alternated Gas","authors":"Adolfo P. Pires,&nbsp;Wagner Q. Barros,&nbsp;Alvaro M. M. Peres","doi":"10.1007/s11242-023-02037-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11242-023-02037-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water Alternated Gas (WAG) flooding is largely used as an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method in oil fields. It is based on the high sweep efficiency of the water phase and the high displacement efficiency of the gas phase. Additionally, other components may be dissolved in both displacing phases, increasing the oil recovery factor and leading to modern WAG schemes such as PWAG (Polymer WAG), MWAG (Miscible WAG), and others. In this paper, we present approximate analytical solutions for the linear immiscible Water Alternated Gas problem. The mathematical model is composed by a 2×2 system of nonlinear hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations (PDE), solved by the Method of Characteristics (MOC) for a set of reservoir properties. The analytical solution is compared with numerical simulation showing the accuracy and robustness of the method under different WAG configurations. The presented solutions can be used to select the best recovery technique for a particular field in a fast and efficient way.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":"151 1","pages":"171 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138534599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}